简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法

简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。

一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）

这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：

—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？

—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。

有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：

Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？

【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 他在听。

He _____ _____.

2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？

Did you _____ _____ last night?

3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。

The rain _____ _____ two hours.

4. 事物总是变化的。

Things always _____.

5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。

His dream to China _____ _____ _____.

Ⅱ. 单项选择

( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.

A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait

( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.

A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained

( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.

A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play

( )9. —What did your father say just now?

—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.

A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked

( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.

A. go; was following B. will go; follow

C. will go; followed D. go; will follow

二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）

系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如： All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。

The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。

【练习导航】

翻译下面的汉语句子。

1. 他感到有点累。

______________________________

2. 这听起来是个好主意。

______________________________

3. 海伦在家吗？

______________________________

4. 我的电脑在书房里。

______________________________

5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。

______________________________

6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

______________________________

7. 问题是你想干什么。

______________________________

8. 他总是乐于助人。

______________________________

9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。

______________________________

10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。

______________________________

三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）

及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：

He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。

I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。

He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。

【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________

2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________

3. He forgot which way to go. ____________

4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________

5. I’ll do what I can. ____________

Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

6. 你认识这些人吗？

Do you _________ _________ _________?

7. 今天早上他完成了报告。

He _________ _________ _________ this morning.

8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。

Now I’ll _________ _________.

9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。

He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.

10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。

I don’t remember _________ the accident _________.

四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）

有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：

1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语

【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。

1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________

2. Bring me some water, please. _________________

3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________

4. He sang us a folk song. _________________

5. She showed me her paintings. _________________

Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。

6. Tom gave me a nice pen.

Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.

7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.

My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.

8. She cooked us a delicious meal.

She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.

9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.

Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.

10. She made me a cup of coffee.

She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.

【温馨提示】

◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：

Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？

→Can you lend your car to us?

◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make,

order, choose, sing, pay等。如：

My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。

→My uncle bought a watch for me.

五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）

有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：

Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。

I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。

The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。

【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。

1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________

2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________

3. I wish you to be happy. _____________

4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________

5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________

Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。

6. 他们请我和他们一道去。

______________________________

7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。

______________________________

8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？

______________________________

9. 你建议我做什么？

______________________________

10. 你注意到他进来了吗？

______________________________

六、there be句型

there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：

There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。

【练习导航】

Ⅰ. 单项选择

( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.

A. was B. were C. will be D. are

( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.

A. will have B. is going to have

C. is have D. is going to be

( ) 3. There _____ to be something wrong with him.

A. is B. was C. seems D. are

( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?

A. won’t it B. won’t there

C. isn’t it D. aren’t there

( ) 5. There _______ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since

last month.

A. was B. were C. have been D. are

Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。

_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.

7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。

______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.

8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。

_____ _____ _____ a better way to do this.

9. 没有空气就没有声音.

_____ _____ _____ sound without air.

10. 没有时间再等你了。

_____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you.

Key：

一、Ⅰ. 1. is listening 2. sleep well 3. lasted for

4. change 5. has come true

Ⅱ. 6-10 ABBCD

二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea.

3. Is Helen in? 4. My computer is in the study.

5. His dream is to become a doctor. 6. My favorite sport is swimming.

7. The question is what you want to do.

8. He is always ready to help others.

9. The dish smells good. 10. The girl is my sister.

三、Ⅰ. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go

4. waiting 5. what I can

Ⅱ. 6. know these people 7. finished his report

8. introduce myself 9. to move to

10. when; happened

四、Ⅰ. 1. her telephone number 2. some water

3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings

Ⅱ. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for

9. showed; to 10. made; for

五、Ⅰ. 1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy

4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy

Ⅱ. 6. They asked me to go with them.

7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.

8. Do you think the movie wonderful?

9. What do you advise me to do?

10. Did you notice him come in?

六、Ⅰ. 1-5 ADCBC

Ⅱ. 6. There is; playing 7. There used to be

8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for