2014职称英语卫生A模拟题(一)
2014职称英语卫生A模拟题（一）
第一部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位
1.
A slow B noisy C sudden D jumpy
2. bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.
A very strong B very long C very great D very fast
3. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more than those of Bret Harte.
A elegantly B genuinely C intentionally D thoroughly
4. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine that the Americas were no longer op European colonization.
A stated firmly
C thought seriously B argued light-mindedly D announced regrettably
5. A sorry B disappointed C shameful D disheartened
6. A lived on B depended on C lived off D believed in
7. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as A an easy B a playful C an open D a better
8. led to the American Civil War.
A demanded B elicited C extracted D defied
9. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, such as Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.
A violent criminals B politicians C musicians D industrialists
10. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid to which the cables are attached.
A boundary B skeleton C enclosure D material
11. The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics A compactly B inexpensively C quickly D carefully
12. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protested A solved B explored C involved D disputed
13. A wept B cried C ran D shook
14. A stick to B persist in C safeguard D apply
15. A hot-tempered
B healthy C friendly D patient
第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把
C
Cosmetic Surgery
Surgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的) in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts (面部拉皮手术), liposuction (taking fat out of the body), and implants (putting artificial parts into their bodies) to help them look younger. As companies downsize (缩编) and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however.
One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said,
Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation. He warned,
16 Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17 The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18 There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19 The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20 The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21 Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22 Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分
)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择
4
Keeping Cut Flowers
1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.
2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations （康乃馨） retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.
3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination （授粉）. After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）, called respiration （呼吸）, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.
4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.
5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to
23 Paragraph 2____________
24 Paragraph 3____________
25 Paragraph 4 ____________
26 Paragraph 5____________
A Control of Respiration B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C Role of Respiration D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E Need for Clean Water F Ways of Stopping Respiration
27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers____________.
28 Respiration plays a key role____________.
29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down____________.
30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is____________.
A by keeping its original shape and color
B in the life of cut flowers
C to produce carbon dioxide D for as long as possible
E by controlling temperature
F to replace the water and solution every day
第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1
第一篇
When Fear Takes Control of the Mind
A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, but it may feel like forever. The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing. A dizzy feeling. At first a person may have no idea what is wrong. But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder. The first appearance usually is between the ages of 18 and 25.In some cases it develops after a tragedy，like the death of a loved one，or some other difficult situation.
In the United States，the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are affected in any one-year period. The American Psychological Association says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men. And it can last anywhere from a few
months to a lifetime.
Panic attacks can be dangerous—for example，if a person is driving at the time. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is so long and so high over the water, it is famous for scaring motorists. There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across. Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia(恐惧病)，a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack.
But experts say panic disorder can be treated. Doctors might suggest anti-anxiety or antidepressant(抗抑郁的)medicines. Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack. There are breathing methods, for example, that might help a person calm down. Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders. A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases. It says these include thyroid(甲状腺的) disease，lung and stomach problems, migraine headaches(偏头痛)and allergic(过敏的) conditions. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder. But, they say, exactly how the two are connected remains unknown.
31 Which is NOT a possible sign of panic disorder?
A A fast heartbeat.
B Sweaty hands.
C A joyful feeling.
D Difficulty breathing.
32 Which is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of panic disorder?
A Driving over a bridge.
B Flying in an airplane.
C Losing a loved one.
D Being between the ages of 1 8 and 25.
33 Panic disorder is said to extend from_________
A a few months to a lifetime.
B a few months to a few years.
C a few days to a few months.
D a few minutes to a few days.
34 Which is NOT a possible treatment for panic disorder?
A Taking anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines.
B Repeating the activity that brought on the attack.
C Talking to a counselor.
D Learning special breathing methods
35 Panic disorder is a kind of_________.
A lung and stomach problem.
B migraine headache.
C anxiety disorder.
D allergic condition.
第二篇 Pop Music in Africa
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric' s most popular song, “Land of 'A Little Something' ” is about Kenya' s problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.
Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says
that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment.
One of South Africa' s most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.
36 This passage is about how African pop music is________.
A usually about love and romance
B more serious than most pop music
C popular with young people in Africa
D mostly written just for entertainment
37 For people outside of Africa, African pop music is________.
A the same as other pop music
B not usually very interesting
C entirely strange to them
D both familiar and different
38 The musicians mentioned in this passage all________.
A write about serious problems
B studied in the United States
C lost their homes at a young age
D write songs in a new pop style
39 Eric Wainaina________.
A prefers to sing in English
B listened to traditional music
C studied music in Boston
D performs only in the United States
40 Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problems of women partly because________.
A she has had a difficult life herself
B there are many problems in Tanzania
C she has had an easy life herself
D there are no other women singers
第三篇
Sauna
Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.
41 Ceremonial bathing________
A
B
C
D is called the sauna by Finns. is equivalent to the steam bath. has various forms. is held in an enclosed room.
42 What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?
A
B
C
D Saunas in underground caves. Saunas with smoke. Saunas using wood burning stoves. Saunas using electric stoves.
43 According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT_______ A
B
C
D reducing the chance of getting cold. speeding recovery. relieving stress. curing asthma.
44 According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because______ A
B
pores are cleaned by sweat. water is lost by sweating.
C
D blood moves to the surface for heat exchange. the heart pumps harder and faster.
45 Who are advised not to take a sauna?
A
C
Elderly people. B Pregnant women. D All of the above. People with heart trouble.
第五部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分
)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Are Online Friends Real Friends?
Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship.__46__.Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It's convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kind of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and photos add to the experience .Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feeling online.__47__. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantages.__48_. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can't be sure of what they really like. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you're totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel
many people who believe that it's not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy, says,
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says,
A. In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
B. When you're not face to face, it's much easier to deceive people.
C. Many people would agree.
D. Researchers also found that it's not unusual for online friends to become face-to-face friends.
E. Online friends may be of help in many ways.
F. Online friends, or virtual friends, are people who have become acquainted with each other through the Internet．
第六部分：完形填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择
1
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more （51）to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) . The study involved l.2million Swedish men doing military service who were born youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.
IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters whoages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,
Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.
（63）is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
national service . Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
51 A carefully B secretly C likely
52 A answers B works C scores
53 A behind B between C among
54 A logical B critical C typical D happily D results D without D positive
D trick
D treatment 55 A place B game C role 56 A capacity B disease C shape
57 A change B hydrogen
58 A what B why
59 A exercise B training C oxygen D memory C how D where C strength D movement
D clear 60 A able B clever C lucky
61 A moderate B average C lower D higher
62 A ignore B improve C like D determine
63 A examination B labour C movement D education
64 A before B after C without D during
65 A marriage B life
C residence D service