高考英语语法-省略

高考英语语法——省略

无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。

简单句中的省略

1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

(1) (I) Thank you for your help.

(2) (I) See you tomorrow.

(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.

(4) (I) Beg your pardon.

2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分

(1) (There is) No smoking .

(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?

(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?

(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?

(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:

(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).

(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).

(3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.

(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.

4、省略表语

(1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty).

(2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).

5、同时省略几个成分

(1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

(2) –-Have you finished your work ?

---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

1、主句中有一些成分被省略

(1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill.

(2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

2、主句中有一些成分被省略

(1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so.

(2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.

(3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not.

(4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.

这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.

两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.

1、连词的that省略

(1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。

(2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。

2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分

(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.

(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.

(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.

(4) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.

状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略。现象列举如下：

一、时间状语从句中的省略

When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.

我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生

When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.)

到达之后，来个电报

Don’t come in until (you are) asked to.

不叫你请你不要进来

Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help.

不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible.

你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。

我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.

二、地点状语从句中的省略. 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：

where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 书放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.

在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词

三、条件状语从句中的省略

常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

Send the goods now if (they are) ready.

货物如果准备好了，请送过来。

He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来

If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.

如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。

Come along with me if (it is) possible.

如果有可能和我一起去吧。

If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.

如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。

There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。

You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 。

四、让步状语从句中的省略

He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。

Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告 把这些

五、比较状语从句中的省略

She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。

She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected. 她这项工作比预料的提前完成

六、方式状语从句中的省略

as if/as though后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语／现在分词／过去分词／不定式。

He acts as if (he were) a fool. 他的行为举止好象是个傻子。

She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded. 她和陌生人谈话似乎很不在意。

He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important.

他打开抽屉仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。

The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports ground. 这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西。

The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg.

足球运动员在操场上打着滚似乎他的腿伤得厉害。

He moved his lips as if (he wanted )to speak. 他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。

3、不定式符号to的省略

(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.

I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.

(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.

I will help (to) do it for you.

I will help you (to) do it.

（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to.

The boy did nothing but play.

(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。

I saw the boy fall from the tree.

The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

The boss made us work 12 hours a day.

We were made to work 12 hours a day.

(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。

All we can do now is (to) wait.

(6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。

We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.

但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。

She found him to be dishonest.

4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。

(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.

(2) Were I you, I would do the work better.

(3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?

5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。

The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).