英语不规则动词的变化规律
英语不规则动词的变化规律
时态是中学阶段的重点，也是难点，而与其息息相关的动词（尤其是不规则动词）的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记，令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。现将初中常见的93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）
1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个）
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—bought
think—thought— thought
2词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4．把-eep变为-ept。（3个）
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5把-ell变为-old。（2个）
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8．过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9．改变元音字母。（11个）
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10．改变辅音字母。（1个）
make—made—made
11改变元、辅音字母。（4个）
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have（has）— had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个） 1i—a—u变化。（6个）
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
2词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown（show除外）
3词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e，”过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外） drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken
5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个）
forget—forgot—forgotten
6过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）
be—was（were）—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden（hid）
7词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）
come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个） can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。 高中英语不规则动词表
动词原形 中文意思 过去式 过去分词
arise 出现 arose arisen
awake 醒来 awoke awaked / awoken baby-sit ＊ 临时照顾 baby-sat baby-sat
be(am/is/are) 是 was / were been
beat 击打 beat beaten become 变成 became become begin 开始 began begun bend 使弯曲 bent bent
bet 赌 bet bet
bite 咬 bit bitten / bit blow 吹 blew blown break 打破 broke broken bring 拿来 brought brought broadcast 广播 broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted
build 建造 built built
burn 燃烧 burnt / burned burnt / burned buy 买 bought bought can 能 could × cast 抛 cast cast catch 捕捉 caught caught choose 选择 chose chosen come 来 came come cost 花费 cost cost cut 割 cut cut deal 分配 dealt dealt dig 挖 dug dug do / does 做 did done draw 画，拉，拖 drew drawn
dream 做梦 dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed drink 喝 drank drunk drive 驾驶 drove driven
eat 吃 ate eaten fall 掉落 fell fallen feed 喂 fed fed feel 触摸 felt felt fight 作战 fought fought find 找出 found found ( found 建立 founded founded )
fly 飞 flew flown forbid 禁止 forbade / forbad forbidden
forget 忘记 forgot forgotten / forgot forgive 原谅 forgave forgiven
freeze 结冰 froze frozen get 得到 got got give 给 gave given go 去 went gone grow 成长 grew grown hang 悬挂 hung hung
绞死 hanged hanged have / has 有 had had
hear 听到 heard heard
hide 隐藏 hid hidden / hid hit 打 hit hit
hold 拿住 held held hurt 受伤 hurt hurt
keep 保持 kept kept know 知道 knew known lay 铺，放，下蛋 laid laid
lead 引导 led led learn 学习 learnt / learned learnt / learned
leave 离开 left left
lend 借贷 lent lent let 让 let let lie 躺，位于 lay lain
（lie 撒谎 lied lied ）
light 点着 lit / lighted lit / lighted lose 遗失 lost lost make 制作 made made may 可以 might ×
mean 意思是 meant meant meet 碰到 met met
mistake 误认 mistook mistaken misunderstand 误会 misunderstood misunderstood
pay 支付 paid paid prove ＊ 证实 proved proved / proven
put 放置 put put quit ＊ 放弃 quit / quitted quit / quitted read 读 read read
rebuild 改建 rebuilt rebuilt
retell ＊ 复述 retold retold
rid 免除 rid / ridded rid / ridded ride 骑 rode ridden ring 打电话，响铃 rang rung
rise 上升 rose risen run 跑 ran run
saw ＊ 锯 sawed sawed / sawn say 说 said said see 看 saw seen seek ＊ 寻觅 sought sought
sell 卖 sold sold send 送 / 寄 sent sent
set 安置 set set sew 缝合 sewed sewn / sewed shake 摇 shook shaken shall 将 should ×
shave 刮（胡子） shave shaved / shaven shine 发光 shone shone 擦亮 shined shined shoot 放（炮） shot shot
show 显露 showed shown / showed shrink 缩水 shrank / shrunk shrunk
sing 唱歌 sang sung sink 下沉 sank sunk
sit 坐 sat sat sleep 睡 slept slept smell 发出气味 smelt / smelled smelt / smelled
sow 种植 sowed sown / sowed speak 说 spoke spoken spell ＊ 拼写 spelt / spelled spelt / spelled spend 花费 spent spent spit ＊ 吐出 spat / spit spat / spit spring ＊ 跳跃,弹跳 sprang / sprung sprung
stand 站立 stood stood steal 偷 stole stolen stick 刺，粘贴 stuck stuck
strike 撞,击,(病、灾难)袭击 struck struck / stricken
swear 发誓,咒骂 swore sworn
sweep 打扫 swept swept swell 肿胀 swelled swollen swim 游泳 swam swum take 拿 took taken teach 教 taught taught tear 撕裂 tore torn tell 告诉 told told think 思考 thought thought throw 投 / 扔 threw thrown
understand 了解 understood understood
undertake 承担,从事,许诺 undertook undertaken
wake 醒着 woke woken wear 穿着 wore worn wet ＊ 淋湿 wet / wetted wet / wetted will 将 would × win 获胜 won won wind 蜿蜒,缠绕,上发条 wound wound ( wound 受伤 wounded wounded )
write 书写 wrote written