改错是一道基础性题目
改错是一道基础性题目，考查的是基础语言能力，因为专八没有单项选择题（语法、词汇），所以对基础能力的考查都放在改错这一道题目上。改错主要考查：1. 语法是否扎实；2. 词汇掌握是否丰富，词汇的搭配与用法；3. 对篇章结构（句子间逻辑关系）是否敏感 。
八大类错误整理如下，主要包括：1. 短语搭配错误；2. 易混词错误；3. 逻辑关系错误；4. 代词错误（一致错误）；5. 冠词错误；6. 形容词和副词使用错误；7. 成分残缺或冗余；8. 动词时态或语态错误。
（注意：带—>的表示前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有正确错误之分）
1. 短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）
carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things
to let alone –> let alone
in return to –> in return for
the need of –> the need for
substitute A with B –> substitute A for B
account 70% --> account for 70%
under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/that
attitude on life –> attitude towards/to life
in a quick speed –> at a quick speed
with many respects –> in many respects
at the face of –> in the face(s) of
considerations to… –> considerations for…
become victims of … --> become victims to …
ride in a train –> ride on a train
1
the problems with the government –> the problems for the government resistive against –> resistive to
resistance of –> resistance to
embark sth –> embark on sth
with the belief that –> in the belief that
at advance of sth –> in advance of sth
interpret… to –> interpret… as
in line to –> in line with
to varing degrees –> in varing degrees
take pride of –> take pride in
leap out to me –> leap out at me
inject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strains
–> charge him the same price
imbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and B
shortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among them
fortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)
shed light to sth –> shed light on sth
in proportion with –> in proportion to
pay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars
be in liberty to –> be at liberty to
begin at doing –> begin with doing
be contrasted to –> be contrasted with
2
commit an offence to –> commit an offence against
modern time –> modern times
ability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sth
defend sth against –> defend sth from
at the first place –> in the first place
pay money in doing –> pay money for doing
take to do –> take to doing (―求助于，开始‖，to 为介词)
yearn to –> yearn for
at average –> on average
identify oneself to –> identify oneself with
be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doing
get one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做，认真做)
the action of formation –> the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词) approach to do … –> approach to doing …
one contributor of –> one contributor to
consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goods on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s
balk to –> balk at (回避，绕过)
differ A from B –> distinguish A from B
suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sth
vary by – vary with
emphasis of – emphasis on
3
2. 易混词错误
(1)形近异义词
imaginative – imaginary
adapt – adopt
confirm – conform
former – formal
diary – dairy
personal – personnel
beside – besides
principal – principle
intelligent – intelligible
conscious – conscientious
stationary – stationery
considerate – considerable
affect(影响) – effect(致使、达成)
contact – contract
moral – morale
industrious – industrial
desert – dessert
require – acquire – inquire
presence – presentation
4
sensible – sensitive
transformation – transmission
value – evaluate
tense – tension
anything – something
cooker – cook
complexity(复杂性) – complex(合成体)
insurance – assurance
provide(提供) – provided/providing(假设，如果)
perceive – conceive
effective(有效的) – affective(受…影响的，由…引起的)
(2)形近(形异) 近义词
latter – later
late(迟的，已故的) – latest(最晚的，最新的)
farther(距离更远) – further(程度更进一步)
healthy(健康的) – healthful(有益健康的)
effective – efficient
continual(连续的) – continuous(持续不断的)
respectable – respectful
historic – historical
rise – arise – raise – arouse
sure – insure – ensure – assure
5
in return to – in response to
opposite – opposition
producing – productive
lonely – alone
across – cross
impressed -- impressive
permit(n.通行证) – permission
relating – related
memorizing – memorable
normal(n.常态, 通常标准, 一般水平) – norm(规范, 行为标准)
favorite – favorable
acceptability – acceptance
economical – economic
few – little
a few – few
little – a little
invent – discover
before – ago
another – other
agent(代理人) – agency(代理机构)
reward(回馈) – award(奖赏)
special – specific
6
(3)兼有两种形式的副词
firstly – first (firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序，first 表示时间上―第一次、首次‖) hardly(几乎不) – hard(努力地)
sure – surely
late – lately
clear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)
high(高度高地) – highly(程度高地、非常)
close(接近地、紧密地) – closely(紧密地、严密地)
most(最) – most(大部分)
(4)反义词
with – without
possible – impossible
subjective – objective
import – export
better – worse
employee – employer
employment – unemployment
modifiable – unmodifiable
natural – unnatural
discernable – indiscernable
lent – borrowed
7
exclusive – inclusive
independency – dependency
willing – unwilling
nothing more than – nothing less than
agree – disagree
rarely – frequently / often
specific – general
less – more (still more– still less)
most – least
known – unknown
respective – irrespective (irrespective of表示―不管…‖)
majority – minority
result in – result from
fortunately -- unfortunately
powerful – powerless
easiness – uneasiness
professional – amateur
aware – unaware
include – exclude
(5) 名词单复数异义
moral – morals(作名词时用复数形式, 表示―道德、伦理‖)
8
collection(不可数名词表示―各种因素集合体‖) – collections(可数名词表示―收藏品‖)
manner(方法, 方式) – manners(礼仪, 礼节)
saving – savings(复数表示―存款‖)
specie(硬币) – species(种类) （species 只有单数）
mean(n.平均值) – means(方法)
(6) 易混短语
live with(同…一起生活, 忍受) – live by(靠…过活)
go about (doing) sth(开始做某事, 四处走动, 流传, 经常从事于) – go around(四处走动, 绕道走)
tend to – intend to
in next week(以当下时间为基准点) – in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点) spend… in doing sth – spend… on sth
die of(内部) – die from(外部)
rather than – other than
have sb do sth – have sth done
take on(从事，开始对付，呈现) – go on(继续)
take place – take the place of
consist in(在于) – consist of(包括)
in all(总共) – after all(毕竟)
in return(作为报答) – in turn(反过来，轮流)
one reason for +短语 – one reason why +句子
bring out(使显露，使显现) – bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船) 抵达目的地) 9
be worth doing – be worthwhile to do
react to(对…作出反应) – react with(以…作出反应)
apply… to(将…应用于) – apply for(请求，申请)
3. 逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）
therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore 都要改为however, 反之亦然)
and – but / while
or – and
but – because
moreover – however
after – before
since – although
there is no…– there is also…
that – if
from now on – from then on
all – none
besides – yet
if – unless
besides – except
therefore – because
so – because
so does he… – neither/nor does he…
10
that’s why +结果 – that’s because +原因
as if – even if
whether – if
4. 代词错误（一致错误）
their – its
that – those (需要特别注意)
which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)
which – what
it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)
that/this – it (只有it 可作形式主语)
his – one’s (泛指时用one)
you – yourself
it – they
this – such
XX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today
5. 冠词错误
(1)定冠词多余
on the either side –> on either side
in the Europe –> inEurope
in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)
11
Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)
take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不同意)
(2)定冠词缺漏
among most –> among the most
one of first –> one of the first
atmosphere –> the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物) （另外还有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）
between us and rest –> between us and the rest
in minority –> in the minority
around floor –> around the floor
piano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)
English language –> the English language
at heart of –> at the heart of
world –> the world(表示―地球‖这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)
in long run –> in the long run
(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用
illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)
注意以下短语的区别
in church – in the church
at college – at the college
in court – in the court
12
in hospital – in the hospital
in office – in the office
in prison – in the prison
at sea – at the sea
in school – in the school
at table – at the table
6. 形容词与副词使用错误
have been currently –> current
be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as
heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized
spread colossal –> spread colossally
similar strong –> similarly strong
keep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a year feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted
comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion
(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth
in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years
culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes
as much as –> as often as
from one meter afar –> from one meter away
increasing –> increasingly
13
simple –> simply
pure –> purely
much –> many
many –> more
large –> larger
early –> earlier
7. 成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)
a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…
shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略) take for granted that –> take it for grated that
1980 –1980s
one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms
their jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示―占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）‖)
complain about sth –> complain sth
work sth –> work out sth
believe in –believe (believe单独使用表示一般的―相信‖，believe in表示―信任某人，信仰…‖)
point sth –> point out sth
20 percents –> 20 percent
eyes contact –> eye contact
seven – seventh
14
the process which it function –> the process by which it function
communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务) average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)
the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的)
be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX
be viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为―作品‖讲时，为可数名词)
8. 时态或语态错误
went – go
agreeing – agreed
consisted – consisting
bored – boring
favoring – favored
if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句)
involves – involving
will – would (虚拟语气中)
delaying – delayed (已完成概念或者被动概念)
the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完成概念或者被动概念)
assure – assures (第三人称单数)
have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)
developing – developed
15
confronting – confronted
the least understanding –> the least understood
what the have told – what they have been told
if circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable
以上近300个典型例子基本涵盖了所有容易出现的错误，我认为一开始就去记这些例子的效果并不理想，最适宜的方法是先做一定数量的改错练习，然后再看上边的总结以及例子，过后再去做题，就能够掌握改错的一些规律，识别出更多的错误并能将其改正，形成自己的做题方法。另外，要将语法词汇错误和语篇错误区别开来，语法词汇掌握较好，并不代表改错能做好，还要在文章理解上下功夫（有的改错文章其实比较难），应先通读全文，然后再一行一行地去识别错误所在，这样一些很隐蔽的语篇错误就能显现出来。不要一上来就开始找错误，边找错边读文章，这样的结果往往是，一些词汇错误都能找到，但做完后不知所云，好多语篇错误也没有看出来。
16