2014年河北省高考新课标英语改革语法填空
高考英语语法填空技巧与方法
一.考什么?
语法填空的考点或考查内容是:
(1)纯空格题:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。
(2)用括号中所给词填空:通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。 特别提醒:
(1)在纯空格题中,两年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、形容词和副词。我们认为,其原因有二:
一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词,是完形填空要考查的内容,若在语法填空中考查,是越权,是多管闲事;
二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法,而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大,与“语法填空”名不符实。不过,less, more, most等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的,因为这涉及到到语法——比较等级。
(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did),以及情态动词、强调结构中的it, that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查,名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考查。
二. 怎么考?首先,请看下表:
三.解题技巧
1. 通读全文,把握大意。 2. 结合语境,试填空格。 (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。
首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧:
技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:
[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)
技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如:[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)
[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)
技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。 [例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)
技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。
[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)
技巧5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)
[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy… (2008年广东高考)
技巧6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考)
[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.
技巧7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。如:
[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模)
(2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等,还是填do, does, did等。如:
[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。如:
[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)
[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)
(4)so /such…that…句型。如:
[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)
(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。如:
[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末) (2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。
技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。
[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played
[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)
[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)
技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有:
(1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如: [例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)
[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary… 2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如:
[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. [例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)
(3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。如:[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)
(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。如:
[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)
[例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)
(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有: 技巧10:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:
[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject
技巧11:作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如:
[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)
[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading… (2008年三校联考)
技巧12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。如:
[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)
[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
技巧13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。如: [例36] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)
[例37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末) [例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)
技巧14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un—, im—等,在词根后加—less等。如:
[例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).
[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.
技巧15:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。如:
[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)… (2008年广州一模)
[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)
[例43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.
The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模) 3. 重读全文,解决难题。
在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。 语法填空专练
2013广东高考真题
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ( possible ) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,__1_____( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2____(buy) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3___ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4___last row.
___5_____ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little __6____( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_ 7____made her feel like a star .
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __8____ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __9____ the boy would do .Then he took __10____ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.
One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__(late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me__2__the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man__3__(sit) at the front. He__4__(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__(mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him__8__his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made__10__of us feel good.
2010广东高考真题
A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.
After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,
2009广东高考真题
Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __1__was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy__2__(please)as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not__3__pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet or__4__(push)you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter__5__some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her__6__ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes__7__sale. She did not hesitate for long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please__8__. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already__9__table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane__10__ (inform).
2008广东高考真题
Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life.__1__these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop__2__(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help__3__rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about__4__day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea__5__he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired__6__doing this for a whole day, __7__he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”__8__ (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their__9__(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often__10__(result) in the contrary to our intention.
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car __1__(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to__2__should have the honor of receiving me__3__a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me__4__(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__5__small town some 20 kilometers away__6__there was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running freely in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.__7__villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked__8__(merry) till far into the night.
When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman__9__the trouble I had caused__10__.
Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play__1__game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition,__2__team will get the most points and all the__3__eleven teams will get__4__points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face.__5__that team and that school must do is to admit that it__6__(lose). The only intelligent reaction__7__defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote__8__to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons__9__(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more__10__(value) are the lessons learned in extra—curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.
参考答案
2013广东高考真题
1. found 2. nor 3. why 4. reasonable 5. who
6. at 7. for 8. possibly 9. a 10. thinking
2012广东高考真题
wearing 2.had bought 3.pleased 4.the 5.Although/Though
6.harder 7.which 8.for 9.what 10.the
2011广东高考真题
1. later 2. until/till 3. sitting 4. was pretending 5. mentally
6. whom 7. they 8. on 9. an 10. both
2010广东高考真题
1. The 2. who 3. presented 4. warmly 5. with
6. another 7. saying 8. it 9. sweeter 10. when
2009广东高考真题
1. it 2. to please 3. a 4. pushed 5. where
6. choice 7. on 8. him 9. at 10. was informed
2008广东高考真题
1. In 2. to help 3. his 4. it/that 5. that
6. after/from 7. but 8. higher 9. natural 10. results
2007广东高考真题
1. broke 2.who 3. as 4. settled 5.a
6. where 7. Other/Some 8. merrily 9. for 10. her
2007广东高考样题
1. a 2.one 3. other 4. fewer 5.What
6. is lost 7. to 8. itself 9. learned 10. valuable