温病学试卷1

C． 肢厥面白，脉微舌淡，冷汗淋漓 D．气短神疲，舌红无津伴大汗淋漓

湖南中医药大学课程考试试卷

《温病学》

供72学时各专业使用 时间：100分钟

A．《伤寒论》 B．《黄帝内经》 C．《难经》

D．《金匮要略》 E．《温病条辨》

2、倡导三焦辨证的医家是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ b ）A．叶天士 B． 吴鞠通 C．王孟英

D．薛生白 E．余师愚

3、温病的特异的致病因素是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ）A．风邪 B．湿邪 C．温邪

D．暑邪 E．寒邪

4、血分证的病理为„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ a ）A．动血耗血，瘀热互结 B． 邪热内陷，机窍阻闭 C．邪热久羁，耗损肾阴 D．里热蒸迫，热炽津伤 E．热伤阴液，扰神窜络

5、牙齿燥如枯骨见于„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ）A．胃火炽盛 B． 肾火上炎 C．肾阴枯涸

D．胃热津伤 E．肺胃阴伤

6、温病战汗表现为„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ e ）A．时有汗出，汗出热减，继而复热 B．壮热烦渴，脉洪大，大汗出

E．全身战栗，继之热甚并见全身大汗

7、湿热酿痰蒙蔽心包出现的神志异常是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ d ） A．烦躁不安 B． 神昏谵语 C．昏愦不语

D．时清时寐 E． 神志如狂

8、下述哪些不属于清解气热法的范围„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ） A．轻清宣气法 B． 辛寒清气法 C．宣气化湿法

D．清热泻火法 E．清热宣肺法

9、暑温病的基本治则„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ a ） A．清暑泄热 B． 清热生津 C．清暑凉营

D．清热益气生津 E．清暑祛湿

10、燥湿泄热法最具代表的方剂是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ b ） A．三仁汤 B． 王氏连朴饮 C．甘露消毒丹

D．茯苓皮汤 E．藿朴夏苓汤

11、暑温和湿温的鉴别依据是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ） A．发病季节 B． 传变规律 C．初起证候

D．是否有后遗症 E．是否发白㾦

12、邪郁少阳的热型为„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ e ） A．身热夜甚 B． 夜热早凉 C．发热恶寒

D．身热不扬 E．寒热往来

13、发热微恶风寒，头痛少汗，咳嗽少痰，咽干鼻燥，口渴，舌红苔白，右脉数大，治疗方宜„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ） A．桑菊饮 B． 银翘散 C．桑杏汤

D．翘荷汤 E．清燥救肺汤

14、身热不已，口苦而渴，干呕心烦，小便短赤，胸胁不舒，舌红苔黄，脉象弦数，证属„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ c ） A．热炽津伤 B． 热灼胸膈 C．热郁胆腑

D．邪热壅肺 E．邪留三焦

15、大头瘟的致病因素是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ a ） A．风热时毒 B． 风温时毒 C．风热病邪

D．疠气 E．温热时毒

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A．成长时期 D．继续发展时期

B．萌芽时期 E．集大成时期

C．形成时期

1、战国至晋唐是温病学发展的 ·········································································· （ B ） 2、明清时期是温病学发展的 ············································································· （ C ）

A．风温 D．湿温

B．春温 E．大头瘟

C．暑温

1、决定温病发病的常见因素有 ································································· （ abcd ）

A．人体体质 D．感邪轻重

B．自然因素 E．治疗

C．社会因素

3、以发病季节命名的温病是 ············································································· （ B ） 4、以临床证候命名的温病是 ············································································· （ E ）

A．空气相染 D．蚊虫叮咬

B．饮食相染 E．疫水相染

C．接触相染

2、温毒病邪的致病特点有 ··········································································· （ AC ）

A．攻窜流走 D．致病力强

B．传染性强 E．以脾胃为病变中心

C．蕴结壅滞

3、气分证涉及的病变部位有 ······································································· 全 ）

A．肺 D．肠

B．脾胃 E．胸膈

C．膜原

5、吴又可谓“天受”是指 ················································································· （ A ） 6、吴又可谓“传染”是指 ················································································· （ C ）

A．发热，微恶风寒，口微渴 B．壮热，不恶寒，口渴，苔黄 C．身热夜甚，心烦谵语，舌绛 D．斑疹，出血，舌深绛 E．身热脘痞，呕恶苔腻

7、营分证的辨证要点是 ····················································································· （ C ） 8、血分证的辨证要点是 ····················································································· （D ）

A．肺胃病变 D．脾胃病变

B．肝胆病变 E．肝肾病变

C．心肺病变

4、风温邪热壅肺证常见 ··············································································· （ 全 ）

A．胸部疼痛 D．苔黄脉数

B．咳则痛剧 E．咳痰黄稠

C．发热咳喘

5、祛湿清热法的作用主要有 ······································································· （ ACD

A．运脾和胃 D．宣通气机

B．泻下热结 E．通络散瘀

C．通利水道

9、上焦证主要指 ································································································ （C ） 10、下焦证主要指······························································································· （ E ）

A．不高出皮面，抚之不碍手 B．突出皮肤之上，抚之碍手 C．分布于胸腹四肢 D．色有红紫黑多种颜色

E．形状大小不一

11、疹的形态特点是 ··························································································· （ B ） 12、斑的形态特点是 ··························································································· （ A ）

A．身热，腹痛，热结旁流 B．小便短赤涩痛 C．身热夜甚 D．寒热往来

E．少腹硬满，神志如狂

1、 风温一年四季均可发生，但多见于_冬春________两季，其发于冬季者称为冬温

_________。 13、桃仁承气汤所治的病证可见 ········································································ （ E ） 14、导赤承气汤所治的病证可见 ········································································ （ b ）

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1、温毒：一指病因，即温毒病邪，具有蕴结壅滞和攻窜流走的特点；

一指病名，即温毒疾患，由温毒病邪引起的，具有温病共性，还表现为局部红肿热痛或溃烂、斑疹的一类外感热病。

3、 昏谵：即神昏谵语。神昏指神志昏迷，不能识人，呼之不应。谵语指语无伦次或说胡

话。神昏与谵语往往并见，故而常昏谵并称。

4、 逆传心包：患者肺卫之邪不解，突然出现神昏谵语、舌蹇、舌绛、肢厥的病证。

5、 分消走泄：用辛开苦降之品来宣展气机，以清化上中下三焦气分痰热或湿热的一种治

法。

6、 两阳相劫：此语出自《温热论》，风与热皆属阳邪，风热病邪致病，两阳相合，风火

相煽，易耗劫津液，导致清窍干燥的病候。 方法；燥热伤肺，肺气抑郁，肺失宣降，治宜清热宣肺，甘寒滋润，调养肺之气阴。“中燥增液”针对郁滞在肺的燥热化火，移热于胃肠，导致胃肠津液耗损的病变提出的治疗方法；燥热盛于中焦，灼伤胃肠阴液，治宜在清泄里热的同时，用甘凉濡润之品，滋养胃肠的阴液，胃肠阴液充足了，肺之燥热亦易清除；因为肺胃经脉相连，肺与大肠相表里，三者之气阴相互为用。“下燥治血”针对病之后期，少数正虚邪盛的病例，燥热化火传入下焦，耗伤肝肾阴液的病变提出的治疗方法；燥伤真阴，水亏火旺，水不涵木，机体失养，治宜滋养肝肾、填补真阴而奉养精血，阴血充足燥热亦易清除；因为肝藏血、肾藏精，精血同源，从补阴血能达到补肝肾阴液的目的，此时当重用血肉有情之品。

4、热极生风和虚风内动有何异同？（4分）

、热极生风是因阳热亢盛，燔灼肝经，以致筋膜挛急，表现为四肢抽搐频繁有力，两目上视，牙关禁闭，甚则角弓反张，伴高热见证，治以清热凉肝息风，方用羚角钩藤汤； 虚风内动是因肝肾阴虚，水不涵木，筋脉失养而挛急。表现为手足蠕动，甚则瘛瘲，口角颤动，心中憺憺大动，伴阴虚见证。治以滋阴息风，方用三甲复脉汤或大定风珠。

一、致病因素的特异性；二、传染性、流行性、季节性、地域性；三、病理演变有一定规律性；四、临床表现具有特殊性。

3、何谓“上燥治气，中燥增液，下燥治血”？（8分）

“上燥治气，中燥增液，下燥治血”，是针对秋燥病不同阶段的病理特点归纳出的基本治疗大法。“上燥治气”针对秋燥病初起，燥热郁闭肺气，燥伤肺之津液的病变提出的治疗

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患者，男性，12岁，1988年12月20日就诊。自诉昨日突感恶寒发热，头痛。今晨

起，面部红肿微痛，左侧为甚，伴目赤咽痛，稍咳。现症见：发热（T：38.5℃），恶寒头痛，头面红肿作痛，目赤咽痛，稍咳，舌苔薄黄，脉浮数。 1、请写出本病的中医病名和辨证证型 2、对本病病机进行简要地分析

3、确定治疗方法和具体处方用药（含剂量） 病名：大头瘟

证型：毒侵肺卫

分析：患者感风热时毒，邪从口鼻而入，初起侵袭肺卫，邪毒犯卫则发热，恶寒，头痛，无汗；热毒郁肺，肺热上炎则目赤，咽痛微咳；热毒上攻头面则头面红肿微痛；苔薄黄，脉浮数为毒侵肺卫之候。

治法：疏风清热透表，宣肺利咽解毒 方药：加味葱豉桔梗汤

鲜葱白12g,桔梗12 g,山栀子9 g,薄荷9 g,淡豆豉12 g,连翘9 g,甘草5 g,淡竹叶9 g,牛蒡子9 g,金银花9 g,大青叶9 g,蝉蜕9 g。五付，日一剂，水煎服。

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