新概念英语课程1-4解析
Les son 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 ★private adj. 私人的
如果妈妈想看你的信, 你可以说 : It's my private letter.
如果陌生人想进你的房子, 你可以说 : It's my private house. private life 私生活
由此引申出privacy n. 隐私 : private life 私生活
It’s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)
新东方是private school(私立学校), 与此相反, 公立学校是public school. 所以, private 的反义词是public.
eg.public 公众; public letter 公开信; public place 公共场所
private 还有一个值得注意的意思 : 普通的. 如 : private citizen 普通公民:I’m a private citizen.
★conversation n. 谈话
subject of conversation : 话题(天气是英国人最喜爱的话题) 几种谈话 : 1、talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 : Let’s have a talk.
2、conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式: They are having a conversation. 3、dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 : China and Korea are having a dialogue. 4、chat 闲聊, 就是北京人说的 “侃” , 说的是无关紧要的事.
5、gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词
★seat n. 座位
这个词很重要, 考试常考.
have a good seat,这里的seat 指place(指地点不错) , 而不是chair.
take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐 下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见 : Is the seat taken?(这个位置有人吗?)
考点 : 作为动词的seat 与sit 的区别 sit--vi; seat—vt
eg: He is sitting there.他住在那儿. You seat him.你给他找个位置. seat sb 让某人就坐, 后面会加人 eg: seat yourselft. Seat him.
★play n. 戏
★loudly adv. 大声的 ★angry adj. 生气的
cross=angry ; I was angry.He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的; I was annoyed. I was angry/cross. I was very angry.
be blue in the face : I am blue in the face.(脸色都青了, 相当生气了)
★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍 bear,stand
I can't bear/stand you
endure[ ] :忍受, 容忍 put up with :忍受
I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大 put up with=bear=stand bear n.熊 white bear
bear hug :热情(热烈) 的拥抱 give sb a bear hug
★business n. 事, 生意 business man :生意人 do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差 I went to Tianjin on business.
thing 可以指事情, 也可以指东西 business:某人自己的私人的事情
It's my business (指私人的事, 自己处理的事)
it's none of your business
【课文讲解】 go to the theatre
see a film=go to the cinema
go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛 go to the doctor's 去看病 go to the dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店 go to the butcher's 买肉 go to school: 去上学 go to church: 去做礼拜 go to hospital(医院):去看病 go to the Great Wall
go home; 跟home 相连一定表示没有事情可做, 回家休息
I am at home 在家休息
enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心
enjoy+sth :喜欢, 从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much./I love something. I enjoy the class. I enjoy the music. I enjoy the book.
enjoy the dinner/film/progeam/game were sitting :当时正座在
过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述 I+be+v(ing)
The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
got :变得, 表示一种变化,got angry I am/was angry 是一个事实 I got angry:强调变化过程 It is hot. It got hot.
got 取代be 动词,got 是一个半联系动词, 可以直接加形容词 turn round:转头
not pay any attention = pay no attention
表示注意,pay attention; 对什么加以注意,pay attention to sth not any=no I could not bear it./you./the noise. I can't hear a word.
2. 如果时间和地点连在一起, 先放地点, 再放时间
如果问何时何地, 是一个固定搭配 when and where (4)...
ahead of : 在... 前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
5 ______ did the writer feel? Angry. a.Where b.Why c.How d.When (5) ...c...
how ——对一个方式、状态提问 特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问 angry(adj)
how(adv.)——对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
where ——用介词, 地点 when ——用介词, 时间 why ——用because 回答
11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ______ it.
a.carry b.suffer c.stand d.lift (11)...
suffer:遭受, 忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦 bear: 忍受=stand I suffer the headache. He often suffers defeat.
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐? ★until prep. 直到 直到... 才; 直到... 为止
后面加(时间状语) 从句, 前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来, 他爸爸才死.
2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定)
直到他回来为止, 他爸爸都是活着的.
到他回来这一点之前, 没死 : not die; 活的 : 不加not.
把until 作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前, 这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定; 没做——否定.
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B.didn't wait A.leave B.left C.didn't leave I stay in bed until twelve o'clock. I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside adv. 外面 作状语
He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outsid.
ring(rang.rung) v.(铃、电话等) 响 (刺耳的) [注]这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事 The telephone(door bell) is ringing. 而风铃等响要用jingle jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当 给某人打电话 : ring sb. Tomorrow I'll ring you. 打电话(名) : give sb. a ring
Remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
戒指(名词) n
★aunt n. 姑, 姨, 婶, 舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)
与此相同, 男性则是uncle: 叔叔
他们的孩子 : cousin : 堂兄妹(不分男女) cousin 的孩子 : nephew : 外甥, niece : 外甥女[记 : “捏死” ]
★repeat v. 重复 【课文讲解】
On Sundays: 所有的星期天, 每逢星期天 never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=not (变成否定句, 前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.
因为是上个星期, 所以时态不是一般现在时. look out of :朝窗外看 out of是固定搭配 从... 里:from, out of dark: 天很黑 What a day?
What + a + n.——感叹句
It is a terrible day.==> What a terrible day! what+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语) What a terrible day!
省略 : 1.主、谓随时可省 what a good girl (she is)! 2. 省形容词
What a day! 有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词.
just then: 就在那时 It was my aunt Lucy.
如果不知道对方性别, 可以用it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it ?
just 只会出现在 “现在完成时” by train
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)
如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by 用in 或on I go out by bus.
若是两辆 : I go out in/on two buses. I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
同样的用法还有 : go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return ,join...
前4个一定要记住
天哪! 英国人说Dear me!或My dear! 美国人说 : My god! [ ] ([ ]发啊的音) 注意美英的发音不同.
It’s one o’clock! 注意下划线要连读!
【Key structures】 关键句型
本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在. Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now ——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生, 现阶段正在发生)
Often , Always——一般现在时 " 现阶段":I am working as a teacher.
I do.../he does...
I get up...
一般现在时, 是一种习惯, 真理, 是过去, 现在和未来都会发生的事情. 现在还在睡觉 He is still sleeping.
频率副词往往放在句子中间, 实义动词前, 非实义动词后
如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间.
疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面.
非实义动词 : 1.系动词(be)
2. 助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
3. 情态动词 : (must,can,may) 除此之外都是实义动词.
【Special Difficulties】 难点 What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语 What 对名词感叹
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ______ .
a.late b.lately c.slowly d.hardly 5."not early"
late(adj./adv.) lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的, 近来的.
how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗? A
8 He ______ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched 8.A
look(vi.):表示看的动作; 后面一定要加介词
see(vt.) : 表示看的结果; 后面直接加宾语
watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西 look at pictures (对)watch pictures(错)
11 Breakfast is the first ______ of the day. a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal 11.D
lunch :中餐 food :食物
dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal : 一顿饭
频率副词, 放在实义动词前, 非实义动词后; 如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词. 要放在两个之间
疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面
Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 请给我寄张
明信片
★send v. 寄, 送 寄信 : send a letter
用法 : send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell... send/take children to school
区别 : take : 强调某人亲自送; take flowers to his wife 自己送
send 则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 postcard n. 明信片
[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏(重点词) 几种破坏 :
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃 damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重 destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil 主要指精神上
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事; 宠坏, 溺爱
1、宠坏 His parents spoiled the boy. 2、毁了某人心情. This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me. His arrival spoiled my hoilday.
★museum n. 博物馆 Palace Museum:故宫
★public adj. 公共的
这个词我们在第一课见过了, 基本用法和private 一起记. 下面再说两点 :
public house 简称pub : 酒吧 ; public place 公共场所
in public:公开的; in private:私下里的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语)
Let’s have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?
★friendly adj. 友好的
以-ly 结尾是形容词, 同样的还有lovely adj. friendly 单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
waiter n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里
领班 : chief waiter
商店里的店员 : shop assistant 其他公共场所的服务员:attendant
★lend v. 借给 lend to / lend sth.to sb/ lend sb.sth.
借进 : borrow: borrow from; 但borrow 不能用 borrow sb sth.
★decision n. 决定 v. decide
make a big/great dicision (重大/伟大, 更重大)
★whole adj. 整个的
all the... : all the day (the可省略) the whole.. : the whole day.
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of us;all of the students ★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的 反义词 : double 双倍的 【课文讲解】
The baby spoilded my night.
and 先后往往是对等的概念, but也是如此 teach sb.sth.
He teaches our English.(错) He teacher us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English
think about/of 考虑, 思考, think of还可指想到
think over:仔细考虑
last summer里的last 表示 “上一个”
last:表示 “上一个” 或 “最后一个” , 表示 “最后一个” 时要加冠词the
具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞) Review 回顾 : spoil
send/lend/teach sb.sth. send/lend/teach sth. to sb
【Special Difficulties】 难点
双宾语 : 直接宾语(表示动作结果) 和间接宾语(动作目标)
give sb.sth./give sth to sb sb: 间接宾语 sth: 直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言) 或for(为……而做)
give a book to me. I buy a book for you take flowers to my wife. order soup for you.
可以翻译为 “给” 、 “替” 、 “为” 的, 就用for; 如果只能翻译为 “给” 的, 就用to
与for 相连的 buy,order,make,find find sth.for sb.
do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me.帮我一个忙
What do you think of?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?
cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.我要冻僵了 What do you think of TV program last night?
send somebody something send something to somebody give, take, pass, read, sell, buy find something for somebody make buy Do a favor for me. Can I order something for you?
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 4 ______ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a.Who taught b.Who did teach c.What did he teach d.Whom did he teach
找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定
who whom
人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
如果对主语提问, 则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
A 正确 who 既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom 只能对宾语提问
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ______ .
a.friend b.as friends c.like friends d.in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend. in...way :以... 方式 D 正确 friendly 单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ______ day.
a.the hole b.the all c.all d.all of whole all the day; all of us C 正确
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修修饰词
一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ______ day of his holiday. a.final b.end c.latest d.bottom
the last day, final——形容词 end ——名词/动词
bottom ——名词 形容词修饰 day
latest:最新的 latest news latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ______ .
a.thought about it b.made up his mind .changed his mind d.made a wish think about:考虑、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定决心 change one's mind:改变主意
make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿 B 正确
Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excite:激动 excited:
-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到 exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩 interesting man
The man is interesting.
The news exciting,I am excited 这类动词的宾语一定是人 The news excited me. 让后面的人感到...
interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的
The book interests me. 那本事让我感到很有趣
★receive v. 接受, 收到 accept : 同意接收 receive:客观的收到
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.
take 也可以作收到 take the exam : 接收考试; take advice接收建议 receive/have
receive/have a letter from somebody.
★firm n. 商行, 公司 company
★different adj. 不同的 ★centre n. 中心
★abroad adv. 在国外 副词, 直接和动词连用 go aroad 去国外 live abroad 国外定居 study abroad 国外学习 【课文讲解】
读音语调要顿拙一些
received a letter from just 和完成时连用 months one month[ ] two months[ ] 注意读音 将/ /省略 I'have arrived in Beijing. (has been)arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用
He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地点
He has been in America for tow years. 连读
work for work in 强调地点 work for 强调work
I am working for a school.
I am working in the New Oriental school. a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词 I have a lot of friends
I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地没回来
has been to :曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方
find trip exciting
find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find the room clean
is finding I'm finding... . . We’re finding... ...在口语中经常使用 他到某地有多久了. He has been... ...
I have been here for three years. find+n.+a.(宾补)
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 3 Tim is in Australia. He went ______ Australia six months ago. a.to b.in c.at d.into
at... 表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介词短语)
go to...只要有to 这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater
go in...(in 做副词) 很少加宾语 He went in.
go into... 有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作go into the room move:搬家
move in:搬进来
move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬进去了
4 Tim is in Australia. How long ______ there?
a.is he b.has he been c.has he d.was he
how long... 对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连
have+动词的过去分词