自学考试英语复习资料

英语（二）

复习提纲 （II）

I. 语法、词汇 从每小题列出的四个备选项中，选出一个最佳选项。

1. Different managers define the same problem ______different terms. B

A. by B. in C. with D. as

2. The interviewer wants somebody who is hardworking with a pleasant personality and a real ____________. D

A. interesting job B. interested job C. job of interests D. interest in the job

3. The tendency _________blinds managers to other alternatives. A

A. to simplify B. simplified C. simplifying D. of simplify

4. If you have a bag or a case, put it on the floor _________ chair. A

A. beside B. aside C. besides D. side by side

5. Since uncertainty is always there, risk __________ decisions. B

A. occupies B. accompanies C. opposes D. neglects

6. It is impossible to say __________ happens inside a black hole. D

A. how B. why C. that D. what

7. Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one _________ can explain such phenomena. C

A. man B. who C. that D. of them

8. The total water area is about three times ___________ the land area. D

A. so large for B. of large of C. large than D. as large as

9. The moon is called a satellite because it goes round our earth ________ round the sun. C

A. as far as B. as well as C. as fast as D. as much as

10. It is very difficult for us to realize what our earth looked like from _____________ miles away. A

A. hundreds of thousands of B. a hundred of thousands

C. hundreds of a thousand D. hundreds of thousands

11. We must care for people and try to ____________that they don’t suffer too much. B

A. sure B. ensure C. assure D. insure

12. Over __________ British pupils are educated in state school. D

A. three quarter B. three quarters C. three quarters D. three-quarters of

13. Oxbridge graduates make up only two per cent of the total ______ of students who graduate from Britain’s universities. C

A. member B. members C. number D. numbers

14. Euthanasia doesn’t take into __________ that there are ways of caring for the dying. A

A. account B. amount C. access D. attention

15. The theory of black holes in space is accepted by many _________ scientists and astronomers. B

A. several B. serious C. series D. severe

16. The nine planets, together with the sun, _________ what is called our solar system. C

A. consist of B. are composed of C. make up D. are made up of

17 Time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors _________ in a room with cold colors. C

A. that B. but C. than D. and

18. She __________ for a very low wage at a tea factory. C

A. was used to work B. was used working

C. used to work D. used to working

19. They reacted sharply __________ the treatment they are given. D

A. for B. with C. in D. to

20.She says she felt _________ a prisoner at the London house when she worked. A

A. as B. as if C. like D. likely

21. Many people believe it is an effective way to get criminals to pay back their ______ to society. B

A. debt B. income C. salary D. benefit

22. The new music was built __________materials already in existence. A

A. on B. by C. away from D. out of

23. It is ___________easier to improvise a song than it is to improvise a symphony. B

A. more B. much C. less D. little

24. It goes without ___________ that we are not living in a traditionalist period nowadays. C

A. doing B. seeing C. saying D. feeling

25. It is not yet known ___________ robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. C

A. until B. since C. whether D. which

26. The future robots will have __________ work to do D

A. plenty B. a plenty C. a plenty of D. plenty of

27. Many people, including college students, spend __________time in pursuit of physical fitness. A

A. little B. a little C. less D. a less

28. Scientists hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes __________ lives can be saved. A

A. so that B. such as C. as if D. such that

29. Not until the game had begun ______ at the sports ground. B

A. had he arrived B. did he arrive

C. would he have arrived D. should he have arrived

30. They found ______ difficult to finish the job in two hours. D

A. that B. what C. which D. it

II. 单词拼写

1. 投资 n. investment 8. 描述 v. describe

2. 损害 n. damage 9.有价值的 a. valuable

3. 谦虚的 a. modest 10. 自动的 a. automatic

4. 古代的 a. ancient 11. 否认 v. deny

5. 聚焦 v. focus 12. 想象 v. imagine

6. 移民n. immigrant 13. 发言人n. speaker

7. 原来的 a. original 14. 美味 a. delicious

III. 完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

A. 从每小题列出的四个备选项中，选出一个最佳选项

A value is a belief or feeling that something is worthwhile. You may value some things in and of themselves, is, you value them for their own sake. For example, you may be important to you and decisions. You may also have other kinds of values. They are not important for their own sake, but rather as a toward another value. For security or belonging a group you admire.

Values you to act. They motivate you. They are yardsticks for judging action.

There are three main categories of values: moral values, aesthetic values, and material values . in its own way affects decision making.

1. A. which B. it C. that D. as C

2. A. ask B. enjoy C. hope D. expect B

3. A. little B. few C. number D. piece D

4. A. affect B. affect on C. effect D. effect on A

5. A. mean B. means C. meaning D. means of B

6. A. cause B. help C. require D. need B

7.A. such as B. as for C. used as D. as yet A

8. A. for B. in C. with D. to D

9. A. threaten B. spur C. sustain D. relax B

10. A. One B. Each C. Every D. Anyone B

B. 从每小题列出的四个备选项中，选出一个最佳选项

In a handbook called Driving, there is a chapter which defines a good driver. from experience and skill, he should have a concentration, patience and confidence. he should have had expert instruction and he should have some basic mechanical knowledge. Not many drivers have all these skills or even the right attitude, and this is as motorway madness. Very often a thick fog or mist descends on motorways. of driving more slowly and

keeping a close to the vehicle in front. The result is often that twenty or thirty or more cars and lorries into the back of casualties.

11. A. Judging B. Seen C. Apart D. Free C

12. A. sense B. scene C. character D. nature A

13. A. specification B. hesitation C. persuasion D. anticipation C

14. A. practice

15. A. what B. addition C. case D. public B B. why C. how D. therefore B

16. A. called B. regarded C. shown D. known D

17. A. Because of B. In the face C. Instead D. By means C

18. A. short B. wrong C. good D. bad C

19. A. end B. last C. right D. wrong B

20. A. run B. break C. get D. hit A

IV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

从每小题列出的四个备选项中，选出一个最佳选项。

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

By riding public transportation, you are helping to solve some of the major pollution problems existing in Boston.

Motor vehicles powered by internal combustion engines are responsible for over 80 percent of the deadly carbon monoxide as well as the cancer-causing substances in the air. Eighty-nine percent of the vehicles on the road in Massachusetts are privately owned and are often operated with only one person in the car. If people would use public transportation instead of their cars, air pollution levels could be significantly lowered. Thirty percent of the land in downtown Boston is devoted to cars. Where there are garages, there could be gardens. Where there are highways, there should be homes and places to work and play. Studies show that people today show a greater hearing loss with age than ever before. Much of this is due to car-horns, loud engines and general traffic noise.

The cost of a personal car is high to the individual. The average per son pays about $ 2000 per car per year in gasoline, insurance, taxes, and maintenance. But for society as a whole, personal cars are a luxury we cannot afford. We pay in death from auto accidents, in poor health from air pollution, in loss of hearing from noise pollution, and in the destruction of our cities by the ever increasing number of highways.

1. It is ______ that are the main cause of the air pollution in Boston. A

A. personal motor vehicles

B. carbon monoxides

C. vehicles in general

D. the public transportation systems

2. In the writer's opinion, ______. C

A. the price of personal cars should be reduced

B. one car should be operated by two or more people

C. public transportation systems should be developed

D. highways should be made near homes and places to work and play

3. It is implied but not directly stated that ______. C

A. garages, highways and car parks occupy nearly one-third of the total Boston downtown area

B. because of highways, people of Boston have no more homes and places

C. garages have replaced most of the gardens in Boston

D. Boston is the most seriously polluted city in the United States

4. According to the last paragraph ______. D

A. the cost of personal cars is high to the individuals but not so to the society

B. an average car costs about $ 2000 in Boston

C. personal cars are so expensive that most people cannot afford to buy

D. society as a whole suffers much more from the ever-increasing number of cars

5. The writer's attitude towards the motor car is ______. B

A. positive B. negative C. indifferent D. uncertain

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Not all trips are holidays. For example, when people travel on business , they don't have the time or the peace of mind to enjoy themselves. But when people take a vacation, do they always have fun?

The fact is, some people who travel for pleasure get no pleasure from it at all. Others, who travel because they must travel, have a lot of fun doing it. What makes one trip more enjoyable than another?

Any trip can be enjoyable if it is well planned. Every minute that you spend planning your trip may save you ten minutes of trouble during your trip. It may also add an hour of pleasure!

Many resorts and cities around the world are popular during some months of the year and less popular during other months. Find out if the places you are visiting have an "in" season and an "off" season. This may help you to decide when you want to go.

There are some very good reasons to travel during the off-season. Usually everything is much

cheaper. It is also less crowded, of course. If you don't have a lot of money — or if you don't like crowds of tourists — go in the off-season.

Some places are not as exciting during the off-season. The weather may be too cold or too hot. The beaches may be closed. Hotels and restaurants may be shut. Be sure to find out before you go.

There was a time when a person could decide to leave the country on Monday and get on a boat on Tuesday. Now everyone must have a passport to go abroad.

It is not hard to get a passport, but you should ask for one a few months before you begin your journey. To get one, you must have your birth certificate or another legal document to prove that you are a citizen. You will probably also need to bring a few photographs of yourself and some money. For more information call or write the passport office.

Sometimes you need a visa to visit a country. If a visa is necessary, you can ask for one at the country's embassy. Sometimes getting a visa takes many months, so it is very important to plan early. The same is true for health certificates. For this information it is a good idea to call or write the embassies. You may also get a lot of other useful information from them.

6. In the first three paragraphs, the writer suggests that D

A. if you make a business trip you will never have fun

B. if you travel because you must travel, you will have a lot of fun

C. if you travel for pleasure you will get no pleasure at all

D. none of the above

7. The writer advises you not to travel during the in-season, when C

A. hotels and restaurants may be closed

B. the weather may be too cold or too hot

C. everything is usually expensive

D. some places are not so exciting

8. Your passport ______. B

A. is a document to permit you to travel in your country

B. is a government document to be carried by you to travel abroad.

C. can be applied for at the embassy of the country you are going to visit.

D. can prove that you are a citizen and old enough to travel a-broad

9. Which of the following is NOT true? A

A. There was a time when one could go from one country to another without a passport.

B. You must get a passport if you want to go abroad.

C. No one can now travel in a country like the United States if he has no passport and visa.

D. As is often the case, it takes a few months to get a visa or your health certificates.

10. The best title for this passage would be ______. A

A. Planning Your Trip

B. Enjoying Yourself by Traveling

C. Traveling Abroad

D. How to Apply for Your Passport and Visa

Passage Three

Human beings like the company of other people. In fact, other people satisfy many of our basic needs. For example, people give each other love. They make one another feel safe and secure. They provide the environment in which personality develops and the self-image forms. People become part of groups to help meet their own needs.

The family is the first group to which a person belongs. Later, the person comes to depend on other people and groups as well. A group of people with common interests and beliefs is called a society.

As a group member, you satisfy three basic social needs: to belong and to feel that you fit in somewhere in society, to receive recognition and approval, and to achieve within your group.

Social groups set rules for belonging. If you accept the rules, or conform, you are "in". You are accepted as a group member. If you do not conform, you are "out". You may be looked upon as an outsider.

Closely related to the need to belong is the need for recognition and approval. Each of us needs to feel appreciated by other people. And we all like to receive recognition for our efforts. This recognition could be a simple "thank you" from your parents for washing dishes, or a teacher's comment on your latest project, or a medal for winning a swimming race.

Each person has a need to feel a sense of accomplishment. No one who constantly fails can develop a healthy personality. Small successes help you make bigger efforts. Everyone needs to succeed at something.

11. We learn from the first sentence that ______. A

A. people like to live and work together with other people

B. people like to work in a company belonging to other people

C. people like the company run by other people

D. people like to run a company for other people

12. Which of the following does not seem to be one of the human basic needs? B

A. Safety and security.

B. Social environment.

C. Personality and self-image.

D. Love and care.

13. A society consists of ______. D

A. different countries and nations.

B. people who depend on one another

C. a lot of families to which people belong

D. a group of people with common interests and beliefs

14. An outsider is one who ______. D

A. shares common interests with others

B. accepts the rules set by the society

C. is looked upon as a group member

D. is not considered as a member of a group

15. As a group member, you are advised ______. D

A. to appreciate the successes and achievements made by other members of the group

B. to earn your own living and not to depend on others

C. to provide an environment in which your personality develops and your self-image forms

D. to develop a healthy personality and make efforts to succeed at something

V. 词形转换

us.

2. These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the (pollute) air.

4. I (answer) your letter earlier, but there just wasn’t time.

5. Robots are beginning ( see) in other industries as well.

6. George, together with his family, ( be) flying to New York today.

7. Man-eating may have started because people were eager (become) as strong and brave as their enemies.

8. Inability to relax, to let go of a problem, often prevents its ( solve )

9. (get) the results, you should picture your self as you want to be.

10. The (friendly) you are, the better you perform

V. 句子翻译（本大题共××小题，每小题××分，共××分）

将下列句子译成英语。

1. 你知道什么东西在妨碍你实现目标吗？

Do you know what are preventing you from achieving your goals?

2．浪费的钱越多，越难按时完成这个工程。

The more money is wasted, the harder it is to finish the project on time.

3．每个公民应自觉守法，这是很重要的。

It is very important that everyone should automatically abide by laws.

4．横穿（get across）马路的时候，你要遵守交通规则。

You have to follow the traffic rules when you get across the road.

5. 要想获取成功，你应该更加努力工作，绝不半途而废。

If you want to make a success, you should work harder and under no circumstances give up halfway.

6. 你越是乐于助人，越能得到他人的帮助

The more you are ready to help others, the more likely you are to get help from them.

7．每个公民应有环保意识，这是很重要的。

It is very important that everyone should have awareness of environment protection.

8．愈来愈多的人认识到长寿与人们的生活方式有关系。

An increasing number of people realize that longevity is related to the way people live.

VI. 写作

1. 请根据题目“Environment Protection环境保护”按照下列提纲写一篇100字短文。

1. Environment pollution is getting worse and worse.

2. What are the main causes of pollution?

3.

Environment Protection

As is known to all, the world we live in is getting worse and worse because of environment pollution. Vast stretches of productive lands are being turned into deserts. The reduction of wooded areas has already led to increased flooding and water shortages in dry seasons.

There are two basic causes for these problems. One is man-made. For example, someone does such a thing as cutting down trees to receive benefits or to get necessities, so that the natural environment is damaged. The other is natural catastrophes. Perhaps the most serious threats are forest fires and the rapid shrinking of Asia’s rainforests.

Then, how should we protect the natural environment? One method is by creating laws. Although this method has worked, laws alone in poor places, where people damage the environment out of necessity, are not enough. Or perhaps imposing a fine is a better way to stop the man-made destruction. In addition, new environmentally constructive means must be found through scientific and technical work.

2. 请根据题目“My View on Having a Private Car 我对拥有私人汽车的看法”按照下列提纲写一篇100字短文。

1. 现在有私车的人越来越多.

2. 拥有私车有利（advantages）也有弊（disadvantages） What measures should we take to protect the environment?

3. 我的看法。

My View on Having a Private Car

Today, people’s living standard is improving rapidly. As a result, an increasing number of people have bought cars of their own, and many are planning to buy cars. It is reported recently that there are more than 85 million cars in China.

There are some advantages in owning a private car. First, a car allows one to move freely. With a car, there is no need to wait for the bus in the cold or under the burning sun. Second, a car makes it easier and more comfortable to travel. One can set out whenever he likes. On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages. First, it may cause more traffic jams if the road conditions cannot be improved. Second, more cars will result in more serious pollution. Finally, parking will be a problem since there is not much space left.

In a word, if conditions permit, owing a private car can make us work more efficiently and our life will become more enjoyable.