我国模具行业的发展简述及趋势

我国模具行业的发展简述及趋势 摘要：根据相关的资料总结了我国现阶段模具的发展状况和趋势，对我国未来模具行业的

发展提供一种借鉴

关键词：模具CAD/CAM;快速成形; 隔音件; 抛光技术; 模具材料

1. 我国模具行业发展现状

国内模具工业从起步到发展，历经了半个多世纪，尤其是20世纪90年代以来发展得更加迅速。近年我国的模具在国际模具行业美好的发展形势下，模具水平有了较大提高，大型、精密、复杂、高效和长寿命模具又上了新台阶。从模具发展地域来看，我国模具工业的发展在地域分布上存在不平衡性，模具生产最集中的地区在江浙和广东等经济技术高的地区。从模具的需求情况看，汽车工业是模具的最大用户，汽车产量的增幅虽然有较大回落，但车型开发和新车型的上市速度并未放慢，有的还有所加快，汽车工业对模具需求仍旧十分强劲。电子信息行业、电器和仪器仪表行业、电机行业、建材行业等，也是大量使用模具的行业，这些都对模具产生大量的需求。中国经济的高速发展对模具工业提出越来越高的要求，也为其发展提供了巨大的动力。近年来，我国的模具工业一直以高增长速度快速发展。除了国有专业模具厂外，其他所有制形式的模具厂家，如集体企业、合资企业和私营企业，都得到了快速发展，其中集体和私营的模具企业发展得最为迅速，各地从事模具制造的集体企业和私营企业多达数千家，形成了许多国内外知名的“模具之城”和最具发展活力的组成之一。

2. 我国模具行业技术进步

模具 CA D/CAE/CAM是改造传统模具生产方式的关键技术，是一项高科技、高效益的系统工程。它以计算机软件的形式，为企业提供一种有效的辅助工具，使工程技术人员借助于计算机对产品性能、模具结构、成形工艺、数控加工及生产管理进行设计和优化。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术能显著缩短模具设计与制造周期，降低生产成本和提高产品质量已成为模具界的共识。与任 何 新 生事物一样，模具CAD/CAE/CAM在近二十年中经历了从简单到复杂，从试点到普及的过程。进人本世纪以来，模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术发展速度更快、应用范围更广，为了使广大模具工作者能进一步加深对该技术的认识，更好发挥模具CAD/CAE/CAM的作用， 本文针对模具中应用最广泛、最具有代表性的铸造模、锻模、级进模、汽车覆盖件模和塑料注射模CAD/CAE/CAM的发展状况和趋势作概括性的介绍和分析。

3. 我国模具行业技术的发展趋势

我国模具工业的技术水平近年来取得了长足的进步。现代工业的发展要求各行各业产品更新换代快，对模具的需求量加大。一般模具可以自行制造或跟国内企业合作制造，但很多大型复杂、精密和长寿命的塑料模、压铸模和汽车覆盖件模等仍需依靠进口，针对我国工业生产产品品种多、更新快和市场竞争激烈的特点，模具技术的发展应该与这些要求相适应，许多模具企业十分重视技术发展，加大了用于技术进步的投资力度，将技术进步视为企业发展的重要动力。经过多年的努力，在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术、模具的电加工和数控加工技术、快速成型与快速制模技术、新型模具材料等方面取得了显著进步; 在提高模具质量和缩短模具设计制造周期等方面做出了贡献。

模具因其生产效率高、产品质量好、材料消耗低、生产成本低而获得广泛应用。模具技术集合了机械、电子、化学、光学、材料、计算机、精密监测和信息网络等诸多学科，是一个综合性多学科的系统工程。模具技术的发展趋势主要是模具产品向着更大型、更精密、更复杂及更经济的方向发展，其主要有以下表现。

1. 提高大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具的设计制造水平

目前 ，模具行业在整个国家工业中占有重要的地位，在未来的整个国民经济发展中，模具所占比例逐步提高，且发展速度将高于其他行业。随着模具行业的不断发展，对模具提出越来越高的要求是正常的，因此，黄岩为了在国内模具行业激烈的竞争中继续保持旺盛的生命力，就要大力发展大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具。

模具产品成型零件的日渐大型化，以及由于高效率生产要求的一模多腔(如塑封模已达到一模几百腔) 使模具日趋大型化。随着零件微型化, 精密模具精度已由原来的5Nm 提高到2一3pm, 有些模具加工精度公差要求在lpm 以下，这就要求发展超精加工。同时，由于近年来进口模具中，精密大型、复杂、长寿命模具占多数，所以，从减少进口、提高国产化率角度出发，这类高档模具在国内市场上的份额也将逐步增大。为提高模具质量和降低模具制造成本，模具标准件的应用应大力推广。为此，企业要严格按标准生产; 要逐步形成规模生产、提高商品化程度、提高标准件质量、降低成本; 要进一步增加标准件规格品种，提高大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具的设计制造水平及比例。

2. CAD/CAM/CAE技术

模具 CA D/CAM/CAE技术是改造传统模具生产方式的关键技术，是一项高科技、高效益的系统工程。它以计算机软件的形式，为用户提供一种有效的辅助工具，使工程技术人员能借助于计算机对产品、模具结构、成形工艺、数控加工及成本等进行设计和优化。模具CAD/CAM/CAM技术能显著缩短模具设计与制造周期，降低生产成本，提高产品质量，已成为人们的共识。近年来，模具CAD/CAM技术的硬件与软件价格已降低到中小企业普遍可以接受的程度，为其进一步普及创造了良好的条件; 基于网络的CAD / CAM / CAE一体化系统结构初见端倪，将解决传统混合型CAD/CAM系统无法满足实际生产过程分工协作要求的问题，CAD/CAM软件的智能化程度也将逐步提高。我国自主开发CAD/CAE/CAM系统有很大发展。目前，国内模具企业中已有相当多的厂家普及了计算机绘图，并陆续引进了高档CAD/CAE/CAM o UG,Pro/Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS等著名软件在中国模具工业应用已相当广泛，特别是在汽车模具行业，目前国内一流的汽车模具公司都应用了CAE 软件，在全国全面普及CAD/CAE/CAM技术的条件已基本成熟。

国外一些软件开发商已能按实际生产过程中的功能划分产品系列，在网络系统下实现CAD/CAE/CAM 的一体化，解决传统混合型CAD/CAM系统无法满足实际生产过程分工协作 的要求。例如英国DELCAM 公司在原有软件DUCTS 的基础上，为适应最新软件发展及工业生 产实际推出了CAD/CAM集成化系统Delcam'sPower Solution，该系统覆盖了几何建模、逆向工程、工业设计、工程制图、仿真分析、快速原型、数据编程、测量分析等各个领域。系统的每个功能模块既可独立运行，又可通过数据接口与其他系统相兼容，并能按使用要求进行组合，以便形成专业化的CAD/CAE/CAM系统，做到开放性、兼容性和专业化的统一。可以预计，模具CAD/CAE/CAM系统在今后几年内将会逐步发展为支持从设计、分析、管理和加工全过程的产品信息管理集成化系统。

在现阶段，模具设计和制造在很大程度上仍然依靠着模具工作者的经验，仅凭计算机的数值计算功能去完成诸如模具设计方案的选择、工艺参数与模具结构的优化、成型缺陷的诊断以及模具成形性能的评价是不现实的。新一代模具CAD/CAE/CAM系统正在利用KBE(基于知识的工程) 技术进行脱胎换骨的改造。如UG-II 中所提供的人工智能模块KF (Knowledge Fusion) 。利用KF 可将设计知识融人系统之中，以便进行图形的识别与推理。

数值计算和人工智能技术的结合将是今后相当长时间内一件十分艰巨而重要的工作。传统的模拟软件基本上都是被动式计算工具，分析前需要用户事先设计成形方案和确定工艺参数，分析结果常常难于直接用来指导生产，这在很大程度上影响了模拟软件的推广和普及，国内模具技术国家重点实验室在国产注塑成型模拟软件中成功地引人了人工智能技术。对于注射时间、注射温度等具有连续取值空间的参数，采用人工神经网络进行优化，对于分析结果的解释和评价则采用基于规则推理的方法来处理。的专家系统规则库以专家知识为基础，涵盖了有关短射、流动平衡、熔体降解、温差控制、保压时间、许可剪切应力、剪切速率和锁模力等方面的领域知识，在对分析结果进行综合和提炼的基础上驱动专家系统进行推理，对成型方案进行评价并在分析报告中输出具体的改进建议，其目标是将模拟软件由传统的“被动式”计算工具提升为新一代的“主动式”优化系统。

3. 逐步推广高速铣削在模具加工的应用

高速切削的高效率不光体现在减少多少机床加工时间，实际上是减少整体工序时间。采用更高的切削速度，精加工时更少的加工余量，更密的刀轨以及更少的切深，特别是在自由曲面上(切深一般在0.02至0.1mm) 使用细小直径(如0.3-0.8mm )刀具时，切深更小

0.008-0.02mm) ，精细、紧密的刀轨一般均会大大提高加工表面的光洁度。以快速精细的轻切削代替常规的缓慢的重切削，会大大简化以后的工序。与传统的切削方式相比，高速铣削的切屑形成方式不同，产生的绝大部分的热量由切屑带走，热量不会聚集在加工区域，同时走刀速度比常规走刀速度要快的多，热量更不容易聚集，材料热变形小的多，保持比较恒定、理想的切削条件，从而保证了工件的加工精度。另外在电极加工中，加工的电极精度高，轮廓形状一致性好，光洁度高，电极一般不需要抛光处理，不会产生由于手工抛光而影响工件的精度，从而大大提高了模具的制造精度。

高速切削加工与传统切削加工相比具有温升低(加工工件只升高39C) 、热变形小等优点。高速铣削必须与相应的软件、加工工艺、刀具及其夹紧头相配合。国外是联合开发，企业提供费用，大学、研究所提供理论分析，共同讨论后企业制造，然后又给大学实验室验证，分析改进，重新制造，再改进，用户试用，分析改进⋯⋯许多年以后才出成果，但这是一个产业化的成果，开始投人实际应用，产生经济效益。

高速 铣 削 加工是近年来发展很快的模具加工技术。国内已有一些公司引进了高速铣床，并开始应用。国内机床厂陆续开发出一些准高速的铣床，并正开发高速加工机床。但是，高速铣削的应用面在黄岩使用尚不广泛，不过现在发展很迅速，目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向发展。

4. 快速制造成形和热压成型汽车隔音件模具技术得到大力发展

目前， 欧美的部分汽车模具企业采用转速高于45000 r/min和实际进给速度达到10 m/min的高速加工，而日本企业基本上还是停留在准高速加工阶段，不管转速如何，实际曲面加工进给速度很难突破6m/min。从实际使用情况来看，如果达到了真正的高速，刀具的费用、机床的价格和机床的维护费用等都是目前黄岩模具成本难以接受的。像30000r/min, 60m/min这样的高速加工中心，都属于中小型机床，只适用于注塑模的型腔加工。因此，大力、全面发展快速成形模具在黄岩模具发展趋势中刻不容缓。快速 制 造 成形技术得到重视和发展，黄岩的热压成型汽车隔音件模具在国内率先发展起来，且目前许多企业及研究机构也正致力于这方面的研究开发，并不断取得新成果。近年来，随着汽车行业的规模化生产，对模具的设计技术要求也随之提高，特别是汽车引擎仓、乘驾仓、行李仓的隔音件模具，由原来分成型、切边、冲孔、包边等多工序多付模具完成的生产工艺，改为实现单付模具单工序完成，集油缸、气钻、气缸、冲压等在单付模具上完成对产品的成型、切边、冲孔、包边等工艺。大大提高了生产率，减少了生产设备和人力，提高了产品的竞争力。

5. 进一步研究开发模具的抛光技术

模具常用的抛光方法有:机械抛光、化学抛光、电解抛光、超声波抛光、流体抛光、磁研磨抛光。在塑料模具加工中所说的抛光与其他行业中所要求的表面抛光有很大的不同，严格来说，模具的抛光应该称为镜面加工。它不仅对抛光本身有很高的要求并且对表面平整度、光滑度以及几何精确度也有很高的标准。由于电解抛光、流体抛光等方法很难精确控制零件的几何精确度，而化学抛光、超声波抛光、磁研磨抛光等方法的表面质量又达不到要求，所以精密模具的镜面加工还是以机械抛光为主。但由于机械抛光主要还是由人工完成，不仅效率低(约占整个模具制造周期的1/3)，且工人劳动强度大，质量不稳定，制约了我国模具加工向更高层次发展。因此，研究抛光的自动化、智能化是促进我国模具向更好方向发展的重要课题。

除此之外，模具抛光效果还与模具材料、抛光前的表面状况、热处理工艺等有关。优质的钢材是获得良好抛光质量的前提条件，如果钢材表面硬度不均或特性上有差异，往往会产生抛光困难，且钢材中的各种夹杂物和气孔都不利于抛光。

日本研制成功数控研磨机，可实现三维曲面的自动化研磨抛光。由于模具型腔形状复杂，任何一种研磨抛光方法都有一定局限性。发展特种研磨与抛光方法，挤压研磨、电化学抛光、超声抛光及复合抛光工艺与装备，以提高模具表面质量是发展方向。

6. 优质、新型模具材料的研究与开发及其正确应用

在整个模具价格构成中，材料所占比重不大，一般在20%一30%之间，模具用材料包括的范围很广，从一般的碳素结构钢、合金结构钢、碳素工具钢、合金工具钢、高速工具钢、不锈钢、马氏体时效钢到硬质合金、难熔合金、高温合金、非铁金属等都可选用，因此选用优质钢材和应用的表面处理技术来提高模具的寿命就显得十分必要。对于模具钢来说，要采用电渣重熔工艺，努力提高钢的纯净度、等向性、致密度和均匀性及研制更高性能或有特殊性能的模具钢。目前，中国合金工具钢的产量已居世界前列，而其中一般质量的模具钢材多，高质量的模具钢材少，相当部分要求高的模具钢都需要经过真空精炼和电渣重熔，以保证钢材的高纯净度、高致密度、高等向性，而通过电渣重熔的模具钢所占的份额很小，材料利用率低，生产周期长，不能适应现代模具制造业的需要。在模具制造的成本中，材料费用往往只占模具成本的20%左右，但模具工业的竞争就是模具使用效率的竞争，而不是以模具材料 低价位来取胜，因此对于要求较高的长寿命模具，在选用模具材料时往往需要精益求精。

4. 总结

目前，由于国产模具材料不能完全适应模具制造业的需要，很多高性能、长寿命、交货日期紧迫的模具仍不得不采用进口的模具材料。而进口材料的价格很高，比国产材料的价格高3-5倍。除少数品种尚需做一些研制、开发，大部分产品及尺寸规格我国是有能力进行开发的，其关键问题在于如何保证国产模具钢的质量稳定并缩短钢材的交货期。当前应加强黄岩模具材料企业与模具制造企业间的合作。因为模具市场的开拓和发展是一项系统工程，要求模具材料的研制、生产、销售、推广等部门以及模具设计、制造与模具使用等部门组织起来，大力协同，及时反馈模具制造和使用方面的问题和要求，开发与试制工作、技术咨询工作和售前与售后的服务工作，大力推广质量稳定的高性能的模具材料的应用，促进我国模具工业的迅猛发展。

China's mold industry and trends of the development brief

Abstract: According to the summary of the relevant information at the present stage of our development status and trends of the mold, the mold for the future development of the industry in China to provide a reference

Key words: die CAD / CAM; rapid prototyping; noise components; polishing; mold material

1. Development of China's mold industry

The domestic industry from the start to the development of mold, after half a century, particularly since the 20th century, 90 developed more rapidly. In recent years, the mold of the mold industry in the international development of a better situation, the die has been greatly improved, large, sophisticated, complex, high efficiency and long life mold and on a new level. The development of geographical point of view from the mold, China mold industry imbalance in the geographical distribution of the mold to produce the most concentrated area in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong areas of high economic and technological. Demand situation from the mold, the automobile industry is the largest user of the mold, although the increase in vehicle production dropped more, but model development and new models to market has not slowed down, some of which had been accelerated, the auto industry Demand remains very strong on the mold. Electronic information industry, electrical and instrumentation industry, electrical industry, building materials industries, but also extensive use of the mold industry, these are the needs of a large amount of mold. China's rapid economic development of the tooling industry put forward higher requirements, but also for its development of a great power. In recent years, China's mold industry has been the rapid development of high growth rate. In addition to state-owned professional mold factory, the other form of ownership of the mold manufacturers, such as collective enterprises, joint ventures and private enterprises, have been a rapid development, which mold the collective and private enterprises have developed most rapidly, local collective enterprises engaged in mold manufacturing and Up to thousands of private enterprises, the formation of a number of domestic and foreign well-known "city of the mold," and one of the most dynamic component.

2. China's mold industry and technological progress

Die CA D / CAE / CAM production methods to transform the traditional mold of the key technology is a high-tech, high-efficiency systems engineering. It is in the form of computer software, providing an effective support tool to the aid of computer engineering and technical personnel on product performance, the mold structure, forming process, CNC machining and production management for design and optimization. Die CAD / CAE / CAM technology can significantly reduce the mold design and manufacturing cycle, reduce production costs and improve product quality has become the consensus of the mold industry. As with any new thing, die CAD / CAE / CAM in the past two decades has gone from simple to complex, from pilot to universal process. Into this century, die

CAD / CAE / CAM technology faster and wider range of applications, the majority of the mold to make the technology workers to further deepen the understanding, better play to die CAD / CAE / CAM role In this paper, the most widely used mold, the most representative of the casting mold, forging mold, progressive die, automotive panel die and plastic injection mold CAD / CAE / CAM and trends in the development of general introduction and analysis.

3. China's mold industry technology trends

The technological level of China's mold industry has made considerable progress in recent years. The development requirements of modern industrial products industries replacement fast, increasing the demand on the mold. General mold can be to manufacture or manufactured with domestic enterprises, but many large, complex, sophisticated and long-life plastic mold, die casting molds for automotive panel and still rely on imports for China's industrial output product variety, faster, and market updates competitive characteristics, mold technology development should be compatible with these requirements, many die attach great importance to technology companies, increased investment for technological progress, technological progress will be seen as an important driving force for enterprise development. After years of efforts, in the mold CAD / CAE / CAM technology, mold EDM and CNC machining, rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology, new mold material has made significant progress; in improving the quality of mold and reduce the mold design and manufacturing cycles made a contribution.

Mold because of its high production efficiency, product quality, lower material consumption, low production costs and widely applied. A collection of die technology machinery, electronics, chemistry, optics, materials, computers, precision monitoring and information network, and many other disciplines, is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary systems engineering. Die technology trend was mainly molds toward larger, more sophisticated, more complex and more economical direction, its mainly in the following performance.

1. Enhance the large, sophisticated, complex, long-life mold design and manufacturing standards

At present, the mold industry in the country plays an important role in industry, in the future development of the national economy, gradually increase the proportion die, and the growth rate will be higher than other industries. With the continuous development of the mold industry, the ever-increasing demands made mold is normal, therefore, Huangyan to die in the domestic competition in the industry continue to maintain vitality, it is necessary to develop large, sophisticated, complex, long life of the mold.

Mold forming part of the growing large-scale, and production requirements due to the high efficiency of a multi-cavity mold (such as plastic mold has reached a few hundred die cavity) to enable large-scale mold growing. With the miniaturization of components, precision mold precision has been increased to 2 from the 5Nm a 3pm, some die in the lpm precision tolerances the following, which requires the development of super-finishing. Meanwhile, imports in

recent years, mold, precision large, complex, long-life mold the majority, therefore, from the reduction of imports, increase local production point of view, these high-grade die in the domestic market share will gradually increase. To improve quality and reduce mold manufacturing mold cost, mold standard parts of the application should be vigorously promoted. To this end, enterprises must strictly follow standards of production; to gradually scale production and improve the commercialization and improve the quality of standard parts, lower costs; to further increase the variety of standard parts specifications to improve the large, sophisticated, complex, long-life mold design and manufacturing level and proportion.

2. CAD / CAM / CAE Technology

Die CA D / CAM / CAE technology to transform the traditional mold of the key technology of production is a high-tech, high-efficiency systems engineering. It is in the form of computer software to provide users with an effective aid to enable engineering and technical personnel to the aid of computer products, mold structure, forming technology, CNC machining and cost to design and optimization. Die CAD / CAM / CAM technology can significantly reduce the mold design and manufacturing cycle, reduce production costs, improve product quality, has become the consensus. In recent years, die CAD / CAM technology, hardware and software prices have been reduced to an acceptable level of SMEs in general, its further spread and create good conditions; web-based CAD / CAM / CAE integration system structure began to take shape, will address the traditional hybrid CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual requirements of the production process division of labor problems, CAD / CAM software for intelligence will also be gradually increased. Independent development of CAD / CAE / CAM system has great development. Currently, the domestic mold companies have a lot of manufacturers in the popularity of the computer graphics, and have introduced high-end CAD / CAE / CAM o UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS and other leading software applications have mold industry in China quite extensive, particularly in the automotive tooling industry, the domestic first-class automotive die CAE software companies have applied in the national universal access CAD / CAE / CAM technology, the conditions are basically ripe.

Some foreign software developers have been able to press the function of the actual production process by product line, the network system to achieve CAD / CAE / CAM integration, solving the traditional hybrid CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual production process of division of labor

Requirements. For example, in the original British DELCAM software DUCTS, based on the latest software for the development and adaptation of industrial Producing the actual introduced the CAD / CAM integrated system Delcam'sPower Solution, the system covers the geometry modeling, reverse engineering, industrial design, engineering drawing, simulation, rapid prototyping, data programming, measurement and analysis and other fields. The system can run independently of each function module, but also through

the data interface is compatible with other systems, and can be combined according to requirements in order to form a professional CAD / CAE / CAM system, so that openness, compatibility and professional unity. Can be expected, die CAD / CAE / CAM system in the next few years will be gradually developed to support the design, analysis, management and processing of the whole process of integrated product information management system.

At this stage, the mold design and manufacturing is still largely relying on the experience of workers die, alone computer to complete the numerical calculation function, such as the choice of mold design, process parameters and optimization of die structure, forming the diagnosis of defects formability evaluation, and mold is not realistic. A new generation of die CAD / CAE / CAM system is using KBE (knowledge-based engineering) technology for the transformation of reborn. UG-II as provided in the artificial intelligence module KF (Knowledge Fusion). KF can be designed using knowledge of financial systems among the people for graphics recognition and reasoning.

Numerical computation and artificial intelligence technology will be for quite a long time a very difficult and important work. The simulation software is basically the traditional passive computing tools to analyze the design in advance before the needs of the user program and determine the shape parameters, the results are often difficult to directly be used to guide the production, which largely affected the promotion and popularization of simulation software, State Key Laboratory of domestic mold-made injection molding simulation software in successfully introducing the artificial intelligence techniques. For the injection time, injection temperature, the parameter space with continuous value, using artificial neural network optimization, interpretation of the results for the analysis and evaluation of the use of rule-based reasoning methods. Expert system rule base based on expert knowledge, covering the relevant short shot, flow balance, melt degradation, temperature control, the holding time, license shear stress, shear rate and the clamping force and other aspects of domain knowledge, in Analysis of the results of a comprehensive and refined on the basis of expert system-driven reasoning, evaluation of the molding solution and in the analysis of specific recommendations for improvement in the output, the goal is to simulate the software from the traditional "passive" to upgrade to a new generation of computational tools The "active" optimization system.

3. The gradual promotion of high-speed milling applications in the mold

High-speed cutting not only reflected in the high efficiency of processing time to reduce the number of machine tools, in fact, reduce overall process time. The use of higher cutting speed, less allowance when finishing, tool path is more dense and less depth of cut, especially in the free surface (usually the depth of cut of 0.02 to 0.1mm) with a small diameter (such as 0.3-0.8mm) cutter, the cut Shengeng small 0.008-0.02mm), fine, close the tool path will greatly improve the processing of the general surface finish. To quickly replace the conventional fine cut of slow light heavy cutting, it will greatly simplify the

subsequent process. Compared with the traditional cutting methods, high-speed milling of chip formation in different ways, most of the heat generated by the chips away, the heat will not come in the processing area, and go walk the knife blade faster than conventional multi-faster, heat more difficult to gather much smaller thermal deformation to maintain relatively constant, the ideal cutting conditions, thus ensuring the workpiece machining accuracy. Also in the electrode processing, high precision machining of electrodes, contour shape consistency, and finish high, the electrode generally do not need polishing, hand polishing will not have affected the accuracy of the workpiece, thus greatly improving the precision mold manufacturing.

High-speed machining and conventional machining compared to low temperature (only the higher workpiece 39C), the advantages of thermal deformation. High-speed milling must be the corresponding software, processing technology, tool and clamping the first match. Foreign countries is joint development, provide cost, universities, research institutes provide a theoretical analysis, the common discussion of Manufacturing, and then gave the university laboratory validation, analysis improvement, re-manufacturing, and then improve, the user trial, analysis of improvement after many years ⋯ ⋯ only the results, but this is the outcome of an industry to begin the practical application of inputs, resulting in economic benefits.

High-speed milling has developed rapidly in recent years, the mold processing technology. Some companies have already introduced the domestic high-speed milling machine, and start applications. China Machine Tool Plant have developed a number of quasi-high speed milling machines, and is developing high-speed machine tools. However, the application of high-speed face milling is not yet widely used in Huangyan, but is now developing very rapidly and now it has more agile, intelligent, integrated direction.

4. Rapid manufacturing automotive noise shaping and compression molding technology is to develop mold

Currently, some European and American car companies with speed higher than the mold 45000 r / min and the actual feed rate to 10 m / min high-speed processing, while Japanese companies basically remain in the quasi-high speed processing stage, no matter how the speed of the actual surface machining feed rate is difficult to break 6m/min. Judging from the actual use, if it reaches a real high-speed, tool costs, machine tools and machine tool prices are current maintenance costs and other costs Huangyan Mould unacceptable. Like 30000r/min, 60m/min such high-speed machining center, all belong to medium and small machine tools, apply only to the injection mold cavity machining. Therefore, the strong, comprehensive development of rapid prototyping mold die in the developing trend in the Huangyan urgent. Rapid manufacturing prototyping receive attention and development, Huangyan of hot forming mold car noise developed first in the country, and now many companies and research institutions are working in this area of research and development, and continuously made new achievements. In recent years, with

the automotive industry, large-scale production, the mold design requirements also will improve, particularly in the automotive engine position, ride position, luggage compartment noise mold from the original into type, cutting, punching , edging and other processes to pay more to complete the production process die, die to pay for a single process to achieve a single complete set of fuel tanks, gas drilling, cylinder, stamping die in a single payment on completion of the product forming, trimming, red hole, edging and other processes. Greatly improved productivity, reduced production equipment and manpower, improve the competitiveness of their products.

5. Further research and development of mold polishing

Mold polishing methods commonly used are: mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, electrolytic polishing, ultrasonic polishing, polishing fluid, magnetic abrasive polishing. Mentioned in the plastic mold polishing and other industries in the required surface finish are very different, strictly speaking, should be referred to as mirror polished mold processing. It not only has a high polish their request and on the surface roughness, smoothness, and the geometric precision has a very high standard. The electrolytic polishing, polishing and other fluids is very difficult to precisely control the geometric precision, chemical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, grinding and polishing methods such as magnetic surface quality and meet the requirements, so the precision mold processing or in the mirror as a mechanical polishing Lord. However, mainly due to mechanical polishing done by hand, not only low efficiency (about the entire mold manufacturing cycle of 1 / 3), and workers in labor-intensive, inconsistent quality and restricted to a higher level of mold development. Therefore, the study polishing automation and intelligence is a better direction for the development of the mold to an important issue.

In addition, mold and die polishing effect is also material, polished surface conditions before the heat treatment process and so on. Good quality polished steel is a prerequisite for quality, uneven or if the surface hardness of steel have different characteristics, often have difficulties polishing, and the steel in a variety of inclusions and pores are not conducive to polishing.

Japan's successful development of CNC grinding machine can achieve automated three-dimensional surface polishing. The mold cavity of complex shape, any kind of polishing method has certain limitations. Development of special grinding and polishing methods, extrusion grinding, electrochemical polishing, ultrasonic polishing and polishing technology and equipment combined to improve the surface quality is the development direction of the mold.

6. High-quality, new mold material and the correct application of the research and development

Price structure throughout the mold, the materials, the proportion of small, generally 20% to 30%, and the mold materials include a wide range, from the general carbon steel, alloy steel, carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high-speed tool steel, stainless steel, maraging steel to carbide, refractory alloy, high

temperature alloys, non-ferrous metals can be used, so the application of high quality steel and surface treatment technology to improve the life of the mold it is very necessary. For tool steel, the use of electroslag remelting process to strive to improve the steel purity, isotropic, density and uniformity and the development of more high performance or special properties of die steel. At present, the output of alloy tool steel has been highest in the world, of which more general quality of die steel, high quality mold steel less, demanding a considerable part of the mold by vacuum refining of steel are required, and remelting, to ensure that steel high-purity, high density, higher sexual, and through the ESR of the small share of die steel, material utilization is low, the production cycle is long, can not meet the needs of the modern mold manufacturing. The cost of the mold manufacturing, material costs are often only about 20% of the cost of the mold, but the die mold industry competition is the competition efficiency, rather than mold material

Low price to win, so for the demanding long-life die, in the selection of mold materials often need to strive for excellence.

4. Summary

Currently, the mold material can not fully meet domestic mold industry needs a lot of high-performance, long life, the delivery date will still have to mold pressing mold using imported materials. The high price of imported materials, the prices of domestic materials than 3-5 times higher. Apart from a few species still need to do some research and development, most of the products and sizes is the ability to carry out our development, the key question is how to ensure the quality of domestic steel mold and shorten the delivery of steel. Huangyan current mold material should be strengthened and mold manufacturing business cooperation between enterprises. Because of mold and development of market development is a systematic project, requiring mold material development, production, sales, marketing and other departments as well as mold design, manufacturing and tooling departments use of organized, vigorous cooperation and timely feedback mold manufacturing and use issues and requirements, development and trial work, technical consultation and pre-and after-sale services, to promote high quality and stability of the mold material applications, and promote the rapid development of China's mold industry.