过去完成式概念用法

定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。

构成：

① 基本形式: had + 过去分词。

如: We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 ② 否定形式: had + not + 过去分词。

如: They hadn’t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时, 他们还没有完成工作。 ③ 一般疑问句形式: had提到句首, 回答用Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn’t. 如: —Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?

他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?

—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的, 他告诉了。(不, 他没有。)

用法： 1、用在“after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。例如：by then, by\ before nine o ’clock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived „ Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前, 妈妈已经把饭做好了。

2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left. I did not see the film because I had seen it before.

3、常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中. 如told, said, knew, heard, thought, asked等动词后的宾语从句。

例如： My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. He asked what I had said.

现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：

现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。

1. 单项选择

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.

A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone

2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done

3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt

4. She ______lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of

5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.

A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked

6. She said she __________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.

A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with

8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.

A.has completed university B. has completed the university

B.C. had completed an university D. had completed university

9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.

A. for B. in C. by D. at

10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.

A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.

11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?

A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done

12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.

A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work

13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.

A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed

14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.

A. a „the B. the„ the C. / „the D. the„/

15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.

A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns

16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.

A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left

17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.

A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living

18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.

A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived

19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.

A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned

20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.

A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished

21. The man ________ his coat and went out.

A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on

22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.

A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works

23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.

A .fell asleep„watch B. was falling asleep„watched

C. fell asleep„„was watching D. had fallen asleep„watched

2. 用动词的适当形式填空

1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.

2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).

3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).

4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).

5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.

6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.

7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.

8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.

9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.

10. The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.

11. When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).

12. We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.

13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.

14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)

15. She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.

16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.

17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.

18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.

19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.

20. She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).

3．句型转换

1．I had sold the ticket when she came. （改否定句） ___________________________________________________________________

2. She had sung a song to us before she danced. （改否定句） ________________________________________________________________.

3. They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否定）__________________________________________________________________

4. By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问） __________________________________________________________________

5. Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived. （改一般疑问） __________________________________________________________________

6. By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问） __________________________________________________________________

7. He had broken his arm when I saw him. （对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________________________

8. When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________________________

9. Jack didn ’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________________________

10. We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）__________________________________________________________________.