考研英语翻译-父亲的角色

考研英语翻译---父亲的角色

Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in childbearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contributes simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each other’s deficiencies and build on each other’s strengths.

Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to troubles. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and differences. They learn to appreciate their femininity from the one male whose most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.

Current research gives much deeper–and more surprising insight into the father’s role in childbearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of father is play. From their children’s birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than care- taking. The father’s style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mother plays more at the child’s level. They seem willing to let the child direct play.

Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy . In one study of 2-year-olds who were given a choice , more than two thirds chose to play with their fathers.

The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is particularly important in promoting self- control. According to one expert.” children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.” They learn when to “shut it down.”

At play and other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiatives, risk -taking and independence. Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the children to swing even higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.

很少人会质疑母亲在培养孩子过程中的重要作用，然而父亲做些什么呢？他们为家庭所做的就是发挥作为家里的第二个成年人所能发挥的作用。抚育孩子是个吃力的，有压力的，让人筋疲力尽的事情。两个成年人能够互相支持，弥补对方的不足，给彼此增添力量。

父亲们还能做一些特殊的贡献。有些是常见的：保护者以及模仿作用。众所周知，那些没有父亲的青少年容易惹麻烦。女孩子们的成长道路相对比较容易，但是她们也必须得从父亲身上学习如何与男性相处，这个是从母亲身上学不到的。她们从父亲身上学到关于异性之间的信任，亲密和不同。从这个她们生命中最特殊的男子身上，她们学习如何欣赏自身的女性之美。最重要的是，在爱父亲和被父亲爱的过程中，她们知道她们是值得被爱的。

最近的研究对父亲在抚养孩子过程中所扮演的角色有了更深入也更让人意外的了解。其中一种被忽视的却很重要的父爱行为就是陪孩子玩。从孩子出生到青春期，父亲们总是更重视玩，而不是关爱。父亲的陪玩方式可能既刺激又兴奋。父亲和大一点的孩子玩，通常注重团队合作，需要身体和智力上的竞技。这通常情况下更像是一种教学关系：来，让我示范给你看。母亲们玩的水平就和孩子们差不多，她们总是愿意让孩子们自己玩。

至少在童年早期，孩子们更愿意和爸爸玩。在一项研究中，给2-5岁的孩子选择跟谁一起玩，超过2/3的孩子选择和父亲一起玩。

在玩和其他领域里，父亲们往往更强调竞争，挑战，创造，冒险和独立。而总是对孩子关爱有加的母亲们则更强调安全。在操场上，父亲们总是试图让孩子们荡得更高点，而母亲们则更小心翼翼，深怕会发生意外。