英语写作中的时态

叙事一般用过去式，对应完成时进行时等都要进行变换。而其中的议论一般是使用一般时，因为是自己的评论。想法感受等比如感觉疲劳那用过去时，而光荣等能持续到现在的，一般就用现在时。

如果是客观真理事实，那么无论如何都要用现在时。

议论文、说明文一般用一般时。

特别注意在直接引语中要用一般时态（特殊情况除外)

1．要是明天下雨的话，这场比赛就要取消。

[误] The match will be canceled if it will rain tomorrow.

[正] The match will be canceled if it rains tomorrow.

分析：在条件从句里要用一般现在时态表将来，所以will rain应该改为rains. 但是will 如果表示意愿的话，可以用条件从句或时间从句表将来。但主语一定要是人。例如：

If you will come, you can.

如果你愿意的话，你可以跟我去。

2．地理老师告诉我们，地球是绕太阳转的。

[误] The geography teacher told us that the earth moved round the sun.

[正] The geography teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun. 分析：根据时态一致性原则，主句的谓语如果是一般过去时态时，从句一般要与其时态对应。即从句的时态必须用过去时态、过去进行时态、过去完成时态等。但如果从句所表达的内容是一种规律、习惯性的东西，从句的谓语也不要改变。

3．你总是犯这个错误。

[误] You always make the same mistake.

[正] You are always making the same mistake.

分析：be + 频度副词 + 现在分词，这种进行时态，是一种表达具有感情色彩的表达。一般现在时态不能表达这个含义。

4．我们马上就要出发了，因此没有时间去看他了。

[误] We are about to leave at once, so there is no time to visit him.

[正] We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him.

分析：be about to do sth意思是“即将，马上…”。它不能和以一时间状语连用：

tomorrow, at once, soon, in a moment, in time, immediately等。

5．我本来打算去告诉你的，可是我错过了最后一班车。

[误] I would tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.

[正] I was going to tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.

分析：过去打算要做什么，要用was/were going to do这个句型。would do 这种将来时态没有计划和安排的含义。

6．转眼间在这里一下就住了十年了。

[误] It is ten years since we have lived here.

[正] It is ten years since we lived here.

分析：It is + 时间 + since…意思是“自从…以来又有…”。在此句型中，前面主句的时态应该用is 或has been, 在现代英语中，多用is 。从句的时态应该用过去时态，如果前面主句用的是过去时态，后面的从句相应该用过去完成时态。例如：It was three years since he had joined the army five years ago.

7．这是他第二次去美国了。

[误] This is the second time that he went to the United States.

[正] This is the second time that he has been to the United States.

分析：要表达第几次做什么事，应该用“it is + 序数词 + （that ） + 主语 + have done ”这个句型。如果该句型里的is 用过去时态，那么，从句里的时态也应该用过去完成时态。那么这个句型为：It was + 序数词 + （that ） + 主语 + had done.

8．妈妈对孩子说：“作业没做完，你不出去玩。”

[误] You can’t go out to play as your homework is not being finished.

[正] You can’t go out to play before your homework will be finished. 分析： before 是一个表示时间的连词，它连接的时间状语从句应该且一般现在时态表将来，因此，从句的谓语应该由将来时态改一般现在时态。

9．他们一回到家里，就下起雨来了。

[误] They hardly got home when it began to rain.

[正] They had hardly got home when it began to rain.

[正]Hardly had they got home when it began to rain.

分析：hardly…when/before…是一组连词，意思是“一…就…”。在这个连词连接的句子中，句子的前半部分应该用过去完成时态。后部分用过去时态。在这个句型中，如果hardly 放在句首，这个句子应该倒倒装。具有相同用法与意思的连词还有：no sooner…than…; scarcely…when/before…等。

10．上个星期我们本来打算来看你的。

[误] We hoped to come and see you last week.

[正] We had hoped to come and see you last week.

分析：had hoped to do 表示过去没有实现的愿望。类似的句型还有如下：

had meant to do (==meant to have done …)

had intended to do (==intended to have done …)

had thought to do (==thought to have done…)

had hoped that + 主语 + would do…

11．他打电话告诉我说他丢失的眼镜找到了。

[误] He phoned to tell me that he found the lost glasses.

[正] He phoned to tell me that he had found the lost glasses.

分析：根据时态的致性原则，主句用一般过去时态时，从句应该用过去时态（过去进行时态、一般过去时态、过去完成时态）。如果从句的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句应该用过去完成时态。

12．要是我买了昨天的音乐会的票那就好了。

[误] If only I bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.

[正] If only I had bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.

分析：if only 是一个固定词组，意思是“要是…那就好了”。这是表达一个针对过去的一个虚拟的愿望。在该句型中，谓语致词应该用过去完成时态。类似这样的表达虚拟的句型还有：wish that + 主语 + had done….（希望过去做过…）；would/had rather (that) + 主语 + had done …。

13．希望你们能够马到成功。

[误] You are hoped to succeed at the beginning.

[正] It is hoped that you will succeed at the beginning.

分析：hope sb to do sth这外句型是错误的。hope 不能带不定式作复合宾语。要表达这个意思有两种方法：① it is hoped that…; ② We hoped that you will…

14. 这个问题目前很难解决。

[误] This problem is difficult to be solved at present.

[正] This problem is difficult to solve at present.

分析：在“…adj + to do”这种结构中，作状语的不定式与该的主语构成逻辑动词关系，习惯上，这下不定式应该用主动表被动。

15. 你应该在8:00 赶到。

[误] You supposed to arrive at 8:00.

[正] You are supposed to arrive at 8:00.

分析：be supposed to do sth这是一个句型，意思是“理应。。。，应当。。。，按理。。。”。 如果用于否定，意思是“不可。。。，不许。。。”。表示一种委婉的禁止。例如：

You are not supposed to smoke in this building.你可不要在这栋建筑物里抽烟。

16. 在那些日子里，那些工人们被迫工作12小时以上。

[误] The workers are made work over twenty hours a day in those days.

[正] The workers are made to work over twenty hours a day in those days. 分析：动词不定式在使径动词后make, let及感管动词后feel, watch,

see, notice, hear, listen to, observe等动词后作宾语补时，常省略to ，但转换成被动语态时，一定要加上这个to.

17. 这种布摸起来很柔软。

[误] This kind of cloth is felt soft.

[正] This kind of cloth feels soft.

分析：感管动词feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem, appear等的主动形式表被动含义。

18. 他讲的英语人家听不懂。

[误] He can’t make himself understand in English.

[正] He can’t make himself understood in English.

分析：make oneself + 过去分词，这是一个句型，意思是“让自己被人家所理解”。类似这样的动词还有：feel, hear, realize, understand，pay attention to, know等。

19. 你昨天把什么送去修理了。

[误] What did you have to repair yesterday?

[正] What did you have repaired yesterday?

分析：have sth done，此句型的意思是“让某事被做”。

20. 那栋房子是属于他的。

[误] That house is belonged to him.

[正] That house belong to him.

分析：belong to是及物动词，但是没有被动语态。以下动词同样没有被动语态：take place; break out等。