小议强调句型的用法

　　强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种句型。强调句在日常交际和应试中经常出现。 　　一、强调句的基本句型及用法 　　强调句的基本句型是It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是谓语。下面以He saw a cat in the street yesterday.为例来说明此句型的用法。 　　1.对主语、宾语和状语的强调。如果是对主语的强调，那么主语应和原句的谓语动词保持一致。 　　It was he who / that saw a cat in the street yesterday.(强调主语) 　　It was a cat that he saw in the street yesterday. (强调宾语) 　　It was yesterday that he saw a cat in the street. (强调时间状语) 　　It was in the street that he saw a cat yesterday. (强调地点状语) 　　2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Was/Is it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。 　　Was it he who / that saw a cat in the street yesterday? 　　3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：Wh-疑问词+was/is it that +其他部分。 　　Who was it that saw a cat in the street yesterday? 　　What was it that he saw in the street yesterday? 　　When was it that he saw a cat in the street? 　　Where was it that he saw a cat yesterday? 　　二、强调句型应注意的问题 　　1.对句中的人称代词进行强调时，应保持该人称代词格的不变和原句中谓语动词在人称和数上保持不变。如： 　　It is they who often help me with my lessons. 　　It is I who am going to Beijing next week. 　　2.在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that而不用when，where，why或how。如： 　　It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 　　It was in Greece that Olympic Competitions firstly started. 　　It was because her mother was ill that she didn′t come to school yesterday.（原因状语从句中只有because引导的可被强调） 　　It is as you like that you must do everything. 　　3.对not...until结构中有until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，选用It is/was not until...that...这一固定句型。That从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。如： 　　It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 　　It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. 　　4.含有定语从句的强调句型。 　　It was in the garden where they met for the first time that he told me their love story. 　　三、强调句型的判定 　　把此句型中的It is /was...that...这一结构框架去掉之后，如果句子的其他成分（位置上可以调整）仍旧是一个完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则是其他从句。如： 　　It was at midnight that I got there yesterday. 　　It was midnight when I got there yesterday. 　　前者为强调句型，因为把It was...that...去掉之后，句子仍旧成立。后者则是状语从句，去掉任何成分句子则不完整。 　　四、强化训练 　　1. It is I who/that ____ right. 　　A. is B. am C. are D. was 　　2.____was in 2003____ I graduated from the university. 　　A. That; that B. It; that 　　C. That; when D. It; when 　　3. ____ that he managed to get the information. 　　A. Where B. What was it 　　C. How was it D. Why was it 　　4. It was ____ back home after the experiment. 　　A. not until midnight did he go 　　B. until midnight that he didn′t go 　　C. not until midnight that he went 　　D. until midnight when he didn′t go 　　5. It was on the farm ____ he spend his childhood ____ he learned how to grow vegetables. 　　A. where; that B. which; when 　　C. that; that D. which; which 　　6. It ____ Tom and Mary that often ____ me with my lessons. 　　A. are; help B. is; helps 　　C. is; help D. are; helps 　　7. Is it the letter ____ you got yesterday ____ makes you so sad? 　　A. that; which B. which; what 　　C. that; that D. what; when 　　8. It was not ____ she came to see us ____ we knew her mother was ill in bed. 　　A. when; that B. until; that 　　C. until; when D. when; then 　　9. It was in this school ____ he learned French ____ he knew a lot about France. 　　A. where; that B. which; when 　　C. that; that D. which; which 　　10.Was it ____ he said or something that he did ____ made her cry so sadly？ 　　A. that; which B. what; that 　　C. that; what D. what; which 　　 　　参考答案： 　　1-5 BBCCA 　　6-10 CCBAB 　　 　　作者简介： 　　李春旺，陕西师范大学外国语学院2009级教育硕士。 　　（责编 潘冰）