情态动词用法归纳
情态动词用法归纳
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必). ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1. How dare you say I’m unfair?
2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1.You needn’t come so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again.
2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal.
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
七、 should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)
八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)
1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气) 2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测) 3. Can he have got the book?(推测) 2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。 1. He may not have finished the work .
2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 3)must +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。
1. You must have seen the film Titanic. 2. He must have been to Shanghai. 4)should +不定式完成式(have done)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。 He should have finished the work by now。 表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。
1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done) 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式(have done)
主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。 He will have arrive 虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如: If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如;
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如:
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式: 条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。如: Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是„„就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如: I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如: She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如: His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. (3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如: It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。如:
It is pity that you can’t swim. 3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。如: He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. (2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) „ ”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形,意思是“(现在)该„„”。如: It’s time that I picked up my daughter. It’s high time we were going.
(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如: If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如: Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you. d by now.
情态动词和虚拟语气
第一部分 七年高考题荟萃
2011年高考题
1.(2011全国卷A.will B.can C.must D.should
2.(2011全国卷II,8) If you
A. can B. should C. must D. may 3.(2011北京卷,24)——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? ——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
4.(2011北京卷,28)——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
5.(2011北京卷,30)Maybe if I A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
6.(2011天津卷,15)I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
7.(2011上海春招,27)Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t
B. won’t
C. mightn’t
D. shouldn’t
8.(2011江苏卷,34)——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 9.(2011福建卷,25)——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A.will B.must C.may D.can
10.(2011福建卷,34)——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ——it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended 11.(2011安徽卷, 26)——What do you think of store shopping in the future? ——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 12.(2011浙江卷,11) ——How’s your new babysitter?
——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B. might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t
13.(2011四川卷,20)The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they . A.can B.may C.must D.should
14.(2011重庆卷,25)——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —— I wanted to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
15.(2011陕西卷,22)I__________through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone 16.(2011陕西卷,24)——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall
17.(2011湖南卷,28)No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might 18.(2011辽宁卷,21) If you A. can B. may C. must D. will 19.(2011江西卷23)It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t
20.(2011江西卷28)We _____John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
2010年高考题
1. (10安徽32)
Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be
D. must have been
2.(10湖南23)
You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 3. (10江西23) I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?
A Must B Can C May D Will
4. (10山东25)I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
5. (10天津9)
have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 6. (10四川3)
— I take the book out?—I'm afraid not.
A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
7. (10全国Ⅰ29)
.Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether 8. (10江苏25)
—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 9. (陕西 23)
May I take this book out of the reading room?
No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 10. (10全国Ⅱ17)I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________(不可能做到) because the ocean in between is too wide. (do) 12(10辽宁26)
.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A.can B.will C.must D.may
13. (10北京23) ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
--Ah, good morning. You A. might B. must C. would D. can
14. (10浙江17)
“You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can C. must D. would
15. (10上海29)---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 16. (10安徽26)
Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 17. (10湖南29) If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
18. (10天津15)
John went to the hospital alone. If he A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 19(10江苏34)
. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 20.( 陕西15)
If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
21. (10湖北76)
Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) 22.(10北京34)
--The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die
C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died 23.(10浙江10)
Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A.would have been saved C.will be saved
B.had been saved D.was saved
2009年高考题
1. (09安徽29)
Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they A. must B. may C. should D. would 2. (09北京25)
One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can 3. (09福建35)
the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 4. (09湖南30)
— It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.
— Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 5. (09海南25)
be twelve A. should B. would C. will D. shall 6. (09上海27)
It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 7. (09四川13)
—I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______
A. could B. would C. should D. might 8. (09天津15)
This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 9. (09重庆32)
—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 10. (09全国Ⅱ20)
I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 11. (09江苏28)
He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
2008年高考题
1.(08全国Ⅱ17) Liza well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. A.will B.can C.must 2.(08北京21)
John promised his doctor he A.might 3.(08天津6) She
A.can’t 4.(08江西26)
B.should
D.may
not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
C.could
D.would
have left school, for her bike is still here.
B.wouldn’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t
better.
D.might have done
find the book by the
What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he A.need have done B.must have done C.can have done
5.(08湖南28)
You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book.You title. A.must 6.(08陕西9)
B.need
C.can
D.would
—What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? —Well, it be big—that’s not important. A.mustn’t 7.(08四川10)
B.needn’t
C.can’t
D.won’t
Although this A.must sound like a simple task,great care is needed.
B.may C.shall D.should
8.(08重庆30)
—I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You A.may
have lost it while shopping. B.can C.should
D.would
9.(08浙江11) You
A.wouldn’t 10.(08福建24)
It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it A.must 11.(08辽宁22) Peter A.shall
12.(08江苏35
—I’m sorry.I at you the other day. —Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself. A.shouldn’t shout B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout 答案 B 13.(08山东24)
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we A.can manage B.could have managed C.could manage
it without you.
D.can have managed
D.mustn’t have shouted
B.can
C.should
be rather cold sometimes. D.would
be hungry already— you had lunch only two hours ago!
B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
B.should
C.can
D.must