将来时的表达方式
Unit 3 Travel Journal (Grammar)
——将来时的六种表达法
1. will/ shall do (will可用于第一、二、三人称，shall 只用于第一人称)
(1) 这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义，即带有说话人的主观态度和看法。 e.g. You will fail the test if you don’t work hard.
(2) 有时既表示将来，也含有“意愿”或“意图”。
e.g. I will meet you at 6 o’clock.
(3) 在疑问句中will/ shall还可用来征询听话人的“意图”。
e.g. Will you be at home at seven this evening?
--- Will you marry me? --- Yes, I will.
2. be going to do
(1) 表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事。
e.g. I’m going to play basketball after school.
They are going to marry next month.
I ’m going to be a doctor.
(2) 表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明要发生某种情况。
e.g. The sky is so dark. It’s going to rain.
△ will/ shall do和be going to do
(1) 两者都可表示“意图”，有时两者可以互换使用。
e.g. I won’t tell him about it. = I’m not going to tell him about it.
(2) 表示“意图”时，be going to do表示的“意图”通常是事先经过考虑的， 而will/ shall do所表示的“意图”则是说话时临时想到的，因此在某些特 定的语境中，两者不可互换使用。
e.g. --- I’m going to play basketball after school.
--- Really? I will go with you.
3. be doing
这一结构的主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等，也可用于其它动态动词。 e.g. The plane is taking off at 5:30.
How are you going there ------ by air or by train?
△ be going to do和be doing
(1) be going to do和be doing都可表示决定要做某事，两者在某些语境中可以 互换使用。
e.g. We are having fish for supper. = We are going to have fish for supper.
We are leaving soon. = We are going to leave soon.
I ’m taking my students to the park on next Sunday.
= I’m going to take my students to the park on next Sunday.
(2) 如果动词为come 或go ，在表示将来时，常用be doing结构。
e.g. We’re going to Shanghai next week. (to是介词)
4. be to do
(1) 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方 的计划或决定。
e.g. The Queen is to visit Vietnam next month.
(2) 表示命令、禁止（否定式）等。
e.g. Since you’ve done something wrong, you are to stand here.
If you are late, you are to stand outside the door.
Tell her that she is not to be back late.
△ be doing和be to do都可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的事态，两者常常 可互换，但be to do较常用于正式语体。
5. be about to do
刚要做某事，正要做某事。表示非常近的将来，不与表将来的时间副词连用。 e.g. He is about to leave.
注意：不可以说He is about to leave .
△ be about to do…when …：正要做„„，这时„„
e.g. He was about to start when it rained.
I was about to lock the door when the telephone rang.
6. 一般现在时
(1) 用一般现在时表将来时间，常见于条件状语从句和时间状语从句中。 e.g. I’ll tell her about it if she comes.
I ’ll give it to you after I return.
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
(2) 在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间通常指按照时间表或既定日程一定 会发生的将来事态。
e.g. Tomorrow is Sunday.
She retires next year.
When do you take your next exam?
△ 一般现在时表将来时间所暗示的计划比较客观，因而更具有不可变易性， 而且一般现在时表将来时间在口气上也比较正式。
1. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_____. (2006全国高考题)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
2. —Are you still busy? (2005年浙江卷)
—Yes, I______ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
3. －What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? (2005全国高考题)
－We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
4. --- Did you tell Julia about the result?
---Oh, no, I forgot. I her now. (2005全国 III )
A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
5. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People ____to ask how I am going to spend the money. (2005湖南卷)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
6. I will visit you if Father ______ me.
A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let
7. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.
A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would
8. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
9. " When ______ school begin?"
" Next Monday. "
A. has B. does C. did D. is going to
10. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.
A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone
11. We won't go unless you ______ soon.
A. had come B. came C. will come D. come
12. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.
A. is about to arrive B. has arrived
C. arrives D. is going to arrive
13. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.
A. will come/comes B. comes/will come
C. comes/comes D. will come/will come
14. ---Did you write to Grace last summer?
---No, but I'll ______ her over Christmas vacation.
A. be seen B. have seen C. be seeing D. to see
15. ---I’m going to the States?
---How long ___ you___ in the States?
A. are; stayed B. are; staying
C. have; stayed D. did; stay
16. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken
C. take D. will have taken
17. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy take because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. will change B. has changed
C. will have changed D. is changing
18. --- You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, I have. ___ and turn it off.
A. I go B. I’ve gone
C. I’ll go D. I’m going
19. --- Is this raincoat yours?.
---No, mine____ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung
C. hangs D. hung
20. --- What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbours____ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
21. Because the shop ____, all the T-shirts are sold at half prices.
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
22. --- Can I join the club, Dad?
--- You can when you ___ a bit old.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
23. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
24. At this time tomorrow, ____ over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
25. ---Are you still busy?
--- Yes, I my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
26. ---Did you tell Julia about the result?
--- Oh, no, I forgot. I ____ her now.
A. will be calling B. will call
C. call D. am to call
27. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?
--- I’m going to the cinema with some friends. The film ___ quite early, so we ___ to the
bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going B. finished; go
C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go
答案：1—5 BBBBD 6—10 BABBC 11—15 DCACB
16—20 ADCAB 21—27 CAABB BC