高考英语语法总结
高考英语语法总结
一、不定式
一般式:to do sth. 被动式:to be done 进行式:to be doing 完成式:to have done 完成被动式:to have been done
否定式:not to do sth.
1、做主语,谓语动词用单数
eg. To get up early is a good habit.
= It’s a good habit to get up early.
2、作表语
eg. My work every day is to clean the house.
注:不定式作表语,当前面主语部分出现“to”时,“”。 3、作宾语(v.+ to do)
如agree,choose,hope,expect,fail,,,plan,pretend,promise,prefer,refuse,want等
4、作宾语补足语(v.+ sb. + to + do)
如help,wish,ask,tell,order,,persuade,cause,force,invite,call on等。
注:had better do 最好做不妨做... would rather do 宁愿做而不是
why not do 为什么不让某人做...
5、作定语
eg. I have altter to post6、作状语
①目的状语:,so as to
eg. To catchI get up early.
to catch the early bus.
only”连用
only to be told that the train had left. 1butbut前有do,则省略不定式的to
wait.
= He had no choice but to wait.
2
,to make things worse,to be honest
3、不定式为不及物动词时,应加上介词
eg. I have many things to buy. (vt.)
I must find a house to live in. (vi.)
4、在某些复合宾语中,先用“it”代表不定式,而把不定式放在后面 find it impossible to do think it necessary to do
make it a rule to do find it a duty to do
5、在used to,have to,be going to,ought to,be able to等不定式被省
略时,回答中“to”要保留
eg. —Does your son often come to see you ?
—No,but he used to.
6、在would like to have done结构中,回答保留“have”
eg. —Why didn’t you come to my birthday party last night ?
—I would like to have.
7、be + adj. + to do (用主动表被动)
eg. The question is easy to answer.
二、动名词
一般式:doing 被动式:being done
完成式:having done 完成被动式:having been done
1、作主语
eg. Reading in bed is bad for eyes.
注:动名词作主语,也可用“it”来代替作形式主语。
eg. It is no use / good doing...
It is useless doing...
It is waste of time doing / to do...
2、作宾语(v.+ doing)
如:mind,suggest,enjoy,,imagine,delay,escape,finish,keep,miss,consider等
eg. I practice speaking3、作介词宾语
如look forward to ,,put off doing,dream of doing,object to doing等
4、注:以上结构的主语都是sth.
5
,swimming pool,sleeping car等
在动名词前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,否定放在形容词性物主代
eg.①Mary’s coming late made the teacher angry.
②Mum forgave my not telling the truth to him.
③What surprised me was your not handing in your homework. 注:动名词的复合结构,置于句中时,可把形容词性物主代词变为宾格,把名词所有格改成普通格
eg. Do you mind my / me opening the window.
thinkno good
7、主 + find + it + no use + doing
considerbe useless
8、①一些连接词如:when,while,as,unless,once等,后面可以直接加
doing/done,前提是省略前后相同的主语和谓语动词。
②作定语可用doing,done,being done,to do
③作状语可用doing,done,having done,to do,形容词,插入语
三、分词
现在分词、过去分词,在句中可作定,表,宾补和状语,但不作谓语。
1、现在分词(doing)表示动作正在进行,主动形式
a developing country 发展中国家 the ruling class 2、过去分词(done)表示动作已完成,被动形式
a developed country 发达国家 the ruled class 3、否定形式在分此前加“not”
eg. Not having received4、现在分词的完成式(having done eg. Having worked for 2 hours,we had a rest.
5、分词的主语与句子的主语应保持一致
eg. Entering the room,I Given more attention,the flowers6、分词作定语
eg.①The man sitting under the tree= The man who/that sits ②The book written by himwhich/that was written by him is very popular. ③talking with my father is my English teacher.
= The who/that is talking with my father is my English teacher.
7
eg. Not knowing’t visit her personally.
= BecauseI don’t know her address,I can’t visit her personally. (可与when,while,whenever,once,until等连用) Walking,I saw him.
= When I was walking in the street,I saw him.
if引导的状语从句)
eg. Given more money,we can do better.
= If we are given more money,we can do better.
④让步状语从句(可转化成由though,although,even if等引导的句子) eg. Being cold and hungry,they went on working.
= Though they were cold and hungry,they went on working.
8、独立主格结构(主语+非谓语动词)
eg. Time permitting,we will go to Beijing.
= If time permits,we will go to Beijing.
His mother being ill,he stayed at home to look after her.
= Because his mother is ill,he stayed at home to look after her.
9、插入语
judging from/by supposing/provided that
speaking of 3generally speaking according to
四、省略
1、不定式:
如果不定式后面是完成时,省略时应保留“have” “be” 时,应保留“be”,其余保留“to”
eg.①—Did youtell him the news ? —I ought to have.
②—Are you a teacher ? —No,but I used to be ③not to.
2、状语从句:
如果主句和从句主语一致且从句中有“be“be”,此类结构适用于if,unless,once
eg. ①Do be careful when (you are) crossing ②I’invited.
3、than,as引导的比较状语从句:
be除 eg.①He is taller than his brother is ②as (I have confidence) in him.
4、以ifit is,that is,there is,there are等eg.①If(it is)necessary ②if(there are)any.
5、定语从句
关系代词,whom在定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后that在先行词“the way”后作方式状语时可省略 eg.① ②6if后有were,should,had时,把if省去,把were,should,suggest,insist,order,require,recommend,demand等词后跟的宾语从句中可省略“should”
7to”的动词有see,have,feel,observe,notice,let,make等 8、so,not的代替性省略
用于避免重复,前面所提到的内容用so代替肯定,not代替否定,可与believe,except,hope,guess,suppose,think,I’m afraid连用
eg.①—Will it rain tomorrow ? —I hope not.
②—Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting ?
—I suppose so.
9、并列句的省略
并列句中后面的分句通常省略与前面分句中相同的部分
eg. The doctor was born in 1965 and his wife (was born) in 1967.
10、宾语从句陈述句的省略
当宾语从句有几个从句连接时,第一个“that”可省,第二个开始不可省 eg. I think (that) he is clever and that he can answer all the questions.
五、主谓一致
1、谓语动词用复数的情况
What was once a palaceis now a pile of rubble.
注意,有些虽然是名词性从句作主语,但谓语动词形式要看后面的名词 eg.What I want area few of books to read.
③many a 后面用单数名词,其谓语动词形式用单数
eg. Many a teacherhasgiven us advice on how to learn English well.
3、其他一些情况
(1)n. and n.的结构一般视作复数,但注意以下特例
①“限定词 + n. and 冠词 + n.” 指两个人,用复数;“限定词 + n. and n.” 指一个人,用单数 eg.Our English teacher and class teacheris a young man. The singer and the dancerare popular with the young people. 注:a knife and fork(一副刀叉),watch and chain(手表),needle
and string(针线)等词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
②单数名词作主语时,如果被each,every,no,many a或more than one 等修饰,即时用and连接,作并列主语,谓语动词一般用单数
我们小组(成员)对这个问题展开热烈讨论。
The population in India is increasing rapidly.
Thirty percent of the population here are workers.
(5)the + 形容词
“the + adj.(或分词)”作主语要分情况。若表示一类人则用复数,如
the old,the elder,the wounded,the blind,the poor,the rich, the living,the innocent,the dead,the sick等。若表示某个人则
用单数,如the accused(被告)。若表示某一类抽象事物则用单数,如 the beautiful,the good,the impossible,the ugly等。 eg.The innocentare always devided by the unscrupulous.
天真无邪者总被无耻的人欺骗。 The sick here are very vell cared for. The sick in the bed is well looked after. The accused was found guilty of the murder. 被告被判谋杀。 The beautifulis not about the same as the good. (6)one of + 复数名词
在“one of + 复数名词 + who/which/that词应用复数。但当one of前有the only,the very,the从句中的谓语动词用单数。(在否定句或疑问句中相反。)
eg.This is one of the most valuable books that have appearedsubject in recent years.
Mary is the only one of the girls who was playingyesterday’s concert.
(7)分数,百分数
eg.Fifty percent of the studentsare girls.
About 80% of the work was (8)none,neither (of)和 但是注意,当none强调
“所有,每一个人单数没有一个,每一个都没有”时, 用复数。而neithereither (of)后的谓语动词形式最好用单数。 eg.None of us seemNeither likesHas either of them been there recently ?
(9)all 当all
eg.All人) areAll(物 is,which,who,whom,whose,as等
关系副词:when,where,why等
1
在定语从句中作主语,用that,who
eg. He is the man who / thatwasbadly injured.
在定语从句中作宾语,用that,who,whom,也可省略
eg. He is the man (that / who / whom) I met yesterday.
在定语从句中作表语,用that
eg. He is no longer the boy that he used to be.
②当先行词是物时:
在定语从句中作主语,用that,which
eg. The trees that / which were planted last year grow well.
在定语从句中作主语,用that,which或省略
eg. The trees (that / which) we planted last year grow well.
2、关于whose的用法:
whose构成的定语从句,可为人或物,且whose必须加名词,译为“...的” whose + n. = the + n.+ of which/whom = of which/whom + the +n. eg. This is the man whose son studies at our school.
= This is the manthe son of whom = This is the manof whom the son注:其中的“the”一定不能省。
3、只用“that”的情况:
①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
eg.This the first trip thatThemost important thing that ②当先行词既表示人又表示物时
eg. Please write down the things and personsthat’ ③当先行词是不定代词all,much,littlenothing,none,
everything等时
eg. She took away everything that ④当先行词有any,all,noeg. I have to go over allthat ⑤当先行词被the only,等修饰时
eg. This is the verythat thatbe.
⑦当主语以“”开头时
eg. Herethat ⑧在以
eg.Whichthat killed the man ?
Whothat broke the window ?
4
which(此事,这一点),who,whom,whose as + which/whom等引导;也可用关系副词when,where引导。 但是绝对不能用that和why引导。非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。 which is an interesting game,is played all over the world. ’s a family of five children,allof whom are studying music. 其他归纳:
1、在定语从句中,当先行词是“the way”并作状语时,用that,which或省略 eg. I dislike the way (that / in which) you speak to your mother.
2、He is one of the boysthat are late.
He is the only one of boys that is late.
解析:当定语从句的先行词为“one of the + 复数名词”时,从句中的谓语动
词形式与“the + 复数名词”一致;当先行词为“the(only) one of + the
+ 复数名词”时,从句中的谓语动词形式与“the(only) one”一致。但是要注意的是,在否定句中正好相反!
eg.(否定句)I think that isn’t the most difficulit one of the new words
thathave puzzled me in the text.
3、 关于as的用法:
①as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句,as代表该分句所表达的整个
概念或其中一部分概念。as引导的定语从句可置于句首,句中或句末;as本身在从句中充当主语,宾语及主语。通常译为“正如”。
eg.As is known to all,the earth moves around the sun.
Helen is somewhat crazy,as everyone could see.
②用于as...as,the same...as,so...as,such...as构中的as一定充当成分,且指代的是其先行词的同一类是同一个,则就要用that
eg.Her manner and attitude toward him the same as they had
always been.
Here is so big a stone as He does not possess such asa scientist.
4、关系副词的用法:
where = at / in / on which
why = for which
①当先行词是the time,,,vocation,period,interval,occasionwhen
whenin whichI studied at school very much. ,situation,point,case,activity等词,where
where I worked 5 years ago.
in which I worked 5 years ago.
,且从句不缺少成分时,一般用why
根据句法可分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句等。引导名词性从句的词称为关联词,有这样四类:1、that;2、whether/if;3、疑问词,如what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),which(ever),how(ever),when(ever),where(ver);4、引导表语从句的还有because,as if,as though等。
注意:名词性从句中的that,只起引导作用,不充当成分,也无意义 名词性从句中的whether/if,既起引导作用也有意义,但不充当成分 名词性从句中的疑问词,起引导作用,有意义,又充当成分
1、主语从句
①That we will win the competition is certain.
②What is known to all is that all lives will die without water.
2、宾语从句
①I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.
②There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man.
3、表语从句
①My point is that you must face up to the realities of live. ②That is what I call dishonest.
③It looks as if it’s doing to rain.
4、同位语从句
①He came to the decision that ②He left word that he would soon be home.
要点难点:
1、that不能省的情况:
①that引导的名词性从句作主语时
eg.That she didn’That②引导同位语从句时
eg.I got the impression thatHe left word that that he wanted to learn.
④that
isthat2、只能用
①whether
eg. Whether
onwhether the weather will be fine.
③构成结构
whether the train goes to Beijing or not. ④whether不可用if代替
eg. I do not know whether to attend his birthday party or not. whether不用if
answer the question whether a person over ninety can survive a major operation.
3、what和who的区别:
如果表示“他已不是原来的那个人了。”应该说成:
He is no longer what he usedto be. 而不是用who。
再看如下对比:
①Can you tell me who you are,the headmaster or the janitor of this school?
你能告诉我你是谁吗?是这学校的校长还是门卫?
②Can you tell me what you are,a teacher or a worker ?
你能告诉我你是干什么的吗?教师还是工人?
4、如下名词后一般接that引导同位语从句
conclusion,evidence,fact,hope,wish,impression,information,knowledge,news,opinion,possibility,chance,promise,proposal,report,rumour,standard,suggestion,understanding,truth,word,doubt(在否定句或疑问句)等
eg.①Despite the fact that he was ill,he missed no classes.
②There isno doubt thathis answers are all correct.
5、如下名词后可接“wh-”引导的同位语从句
doubt(肯定形式时),question,problem,idea等
eg.①We are in doubt whether ②The question who’t
been solved.
八、倒装
1、部分倒装
这类词有:in no time(立刻 不倒装)不同(决 不),in no way(决不),in no case(决不), seldom,little,rarely,barely,still less(更 不用说)等。
eg.Never beforehave Ienjoyed such beautiful scenery.
Little did IrealiseNowhere could IseeBy no means is ittruepeople know their own language
Neither do Iknow her address,nor does he.
Seldomhave Imet so determined a person.
Hardly/scarcely had A happened when B happened.
No sooner had A happened than B happened.
的倒装句型
Not until / till + 某一时间(用名词词组,介词词组或句
子表达)+ 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语及其他部分。注意,not until紧跟的句 子不要倒装,且强调部分是not until后紧跟的部分。
eg.Not until a long time afterwards did I realizethat he was mixed up
with the gang.
Not until I lost that job did I realize the importance of learning a
foreign language.
④not only...but (also)结构中的not only置于句首时,not only后的句
子倒装,而but (also)后的句子不倒装。
eg.Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing
our lives.
Not only will he do the work,but he will also be able to do the work
well.
⑤用neither或nor置于句首,表示“也不...”时
eg.—I know little about 3D Max. —Neither / Nor do I.
—The couple quarreled again last night.
—I don not know. Neither / Nor do Icare.
If she does not go,neither / nor will I.
⑥so表示肯定的“也是...”时(前后主语不一致)
eg.The corn is ripening,andso are the apples.
—Was the weather cold in your place yeaterday ?
—So it was and so is it today.
注:当so在简短回答中表示同意对方时不倒装(前后主语一致eg. — —Oh,dear,so I have.
⑦“only + adv. / 介词短语 / eg.Only then did we realizeOnly when was hework.
Only in this way can we expect 注:当only与主语连用时,不倒装;在it is...that强调句中也不倒装。 eg.Only two of us hadOnly teachers of this school can use the on-line reading-room.
It is only in this waywe can live a healthier life. ⑧so...tha或结构中,当so或such置于句首时
eg.Sowas sheSo loudly did heeven the people in the next room could hear
⑨as或
注意,倒装时绝对不用although,且though可倒可不倒,as 一定要倒装。
Difficult as the work was,it was finished in time.
Try as I might,I could not lift the stone.
Eloquent (能言善辩) though she was,she could not persuade them.
Child as he is,he knows more than you.
⑩在正式文体中,用倒装形式取代if引导的虚拟语气条件从句。即if引导
的虚拟从句中出现should,had,were时
eg.Had I known what was going to happen,I would never have left her
alone.
Should anyone call,tell him to wait for me here.
Were she there,she might support the motion.
2、全部倒装
①表示时间、地点的副词或介词短语置于句首时,如here,there,now,then,
away,out,in,down,next,soon,up,in / on / under + sp.等
(主语标号①,谓语标号②,倒装词标号③,倒装后整个句型就为③②①型。) eg.Here are the tools.
Thererangs the bell.
Away went the boy to the school.
Soon came a new development that had far-reaching effects.
Before them lay miles of undulating moorland.(高低起伏的荒原)
②对现在的假设;
eg.This soup would taste better if it had more salt in it. 如果多放点盐的话,这个汤味道一定更好。
If you got up earlier,you could catch up with the bus.
如果你起得早一点的话,可能就赶得上这班车了。
③对将来的假设:
eg.If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞翔。
If your father knew this tomorrow,he would be angry.
万一你父亲明天知道了这事,他会生气的。
I would certainly go with you if I should have time next Monday. 下周一我要是有时间我当然是会和你一起去的。
④错综时态
eg.You could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed
your lessons last night.
假如你昨晚温习过功课,你现在就会回答大部分问题了。
not be wet through now.
If you had followed my advice,you would be able now. ⑤if的省略
如果从句中的结构为“If
省去,把were/should/had提前。注意,当有否定形式时,not不提前。 eg.Had I realized what you intended my time
not2、关于without,的虚拟:
主句虚拟
( would / could /(should) have done
wasotherwise/or I would have joined you. would have joined you but I was very busy that day. 注意,这两者都是主句虚拟,但otherwise/or主句在后,故前句事实, 后句虚拟;but主句在前,故前句虚拟,后句事实。
What would I have done without you ?
(隐含If you had not been with me)
3、关于as if / though,wish和if only的虚拟:
①对于将来的虚拟:would / could / should / might do
eg. I wish I could fly to the moon one day.
③对于现在的虚拟:did,be动词用were
eg.I wish you would succeed thi time.
If only I had another chance now.
He ordered me as if/though I were his wife.
④对于过去的虚拟:had done
eg.I wish I had been with her last weekend.
If only he had told me the truth months ago.
I can remember it as if/though it had happened yesterday.
注意,if only “要是,如果...就好了”需要虚拟,而当only if置于句首连接两个句子,且这两个句子主语一致时,采用主句倒装,当only if置于句中连接两个句子,且前后主语不一致时,从句采用陈述句语序。 eg.Only if you correct your diets will youI wake up only ifthe alarm clock rings. 4、关于would rather,had rather,would sooner的虚拟:
①对于现在和将来的虚拟:did,be动词用were
eg.T would rather you were here now.
I had rather I didn’t see you again.
③对于过去的虚拟:had done
I had rather you told me the truth.
5、表示“建议”“命令”“要求”“决定”“主张用“(should) do” 。这些动词有insistsuggest、command、decide、demand、order、urge、、ask、determine、desire、propose等。
suggest”。 当“insist”译为“坚持要求要虚拟坚持认为”时不虚拟。 had stolen his money and (should) be
sent
当“suggest建议要虚拟,译为“暗示”时不虚拟。
should) leave early for the airport.
’was very sad.
仅限于同位从句要虚拟,而在定语从句中不虚拟。
should) finish the work on time. 他建议他们得准时完成工作。
made at the meeting was practical. 汤姆在会议上提出的建议很实际。
6、一些常见的虚拟句式:
①should / ought to have done = were supposed to do 本应做而没做 needn’t have done 本不必要做而做了
would/wouldn’t have done 本来(不)会...而没有(有)...
could have done 本可以做而没做
to have done 将要做但没做
would like / love to have done = was / were going to do
= is / are going to have done 将要去做但没做
was / were scheduled / planned to do
= is / are scheduled / planned to have done
= had meant to do = be meant to have done 本计划,打算要做但没做 ②It’s necessary/important/strange that sb. should do
It’s high/about time that sb. did/should do (多用在作文中。) 不虚拟的情况:
must have done 一定已经... (表示对过去的肯定猜测)
can’t / couldn’t have done 不可能做了...(表示对过去的猜测can have done 可能已经做了 (表示对过去的猜测)
can / can’t do (不)可能... (表示对现在或将来的猜测)
7、虚拟语气的其他用法:
①May置于主语之前,主语为第二或第三人称时表祝愿:
eg.May you have a pleasant journey!
May the friendship between us last long!
②句型:呼语 + 动词原形
eg.Heaven forbid! 上天不容,天理不容!
God bless you! 愿上天保佑你!
③句型:Long live...! 表示“...eg.Long live the People’中华人民共和国万岁!
Long live our friendship!
十、情态动词
1、can和could
①表示“能够,能力两只眼比一只眼看得清楚。
建议,请求或命令;否定形式可表示“不可
以,不允许最佳用can you 或 may +第一人称)
请你等一下好吗?
猜测的意思
eg.Can he still be alive ? 他还可能活着吗?
他们会在那儿干什么呢? 理论上的)有时会(sometimes)
eg. It can be quite windy here,especially in spring.
⑤could在条件句中表示假设的情况,在其他句型中也可表示为“本来会,本来可以,能够”(最佳用could / might have done)
eg.If you tried you could do the work better.
You were stupid to go skiing there—you could have broken your leg. 你真笨,竟然会到那去滑雪。你本来可能会摔断腿的。
⑥couldn’t / can’t...better/worse/more pleased等句型表示强调说明
“...不能再...了;...最...”。类似形式还有can’t / couldn’t...too...以及can’t / couldn’t...ebough等
eg.—How are things ? —Fine! Couldn’t be better!
—最近近况如何?—好得不能再好了!/ 好极了!
Ordering on-line couldn’t be simpler.
I couldn’t agree with you less. 我完全不赞同你。
I can’t thank you too much. = I can’t thank you enough.
注:所有could...的疑问句的回答都用can或can’t。 2、might和may
①May I / we...?句型为请求对方的许可。其否定回答用mustn’teg.May I come round tomorrow morning ? —May I take a swim ? —No,you mustn’t.
②may,might用于猜测,多与表不确定的词连用 eg. Peter may / mightHe wasn’t certain what his plans were,so he may/mightnot ③may / might ④may/might as well do 表示“不妨”;may/might as well have done 表
示“还不如做”
⑤may / might与well连用表示“很可能”eg.—Mary knows the city —may / might well have been there
before.
3、must
①表示“必须”主观must,若表示来自外界或客观上的需要,
则用have tomust用来询问对方的愿望或意图,如needn’t或don’t/ doesn’t have to。
——No,you needn’t / don’t have to. 不准,禁止,绝对不”某人做,语气最强烈
’t go there alone.
我们绝不可以忘记我们是多么感激这些勇敢的人。
现在的肯定猜测,表示“一定,必定”
If the lights were on,they must haven been at home.
④表示“偏要,硬要,非得”,多指令人不愉快的事
eg.Must you shout so loudly ?
Must you worry her with questions,just when she is busy studying? ⑤表示客观事实肯定会,必定会发生
eg.Man must die. 人一定会死。
All the wars must come to an end. 所有的战争必定会结束。
4、shall和will
①表征求意见:第一和第三人称用shall I/she/he等(主语不一定自己想做) 第一人称也可以用may I / we等(主语自己想做)
第二人称用will / would you等(表请求)
eg.Shall I let him in ? 我要让他进来吗?(不一定是自己想让他进)
May I let him in ? 我可以让他进来吗?(自己想让他进来)
Will you tell her I am at Mrs Michael Mont’s ?
请你告诉她我在迈克尔·蒙特夫人家里好吗?
②shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句可表示“许诺,威胁,命令警告,
规定,决心”等
eg.If you children won’t do as I tell you,you shan’t go (威胁)
注意,这里的children是you的同位语。
允诺)
Each competitor shall wear a number.(规定)
③will可用于各种人称表意愿
eg.I meant to reason with you,but you won 我本来想和你评理,你却不愿意。
Do what you will. 做你想做的事。
④will总是会,老是”
⑤用won’t不具备某种性能
门开不了了。
油和水不相溶。
火柴潮湿就划不着。
5、should ①(按道理)应该,应当”,与ought to意思基本相同 ②可表示惊讶(暗含有surprise之意),不以为然,遗憾,喜悦等 eg.Why should you talk to me like that ? 你怎么竟然这样和我说话?
s unfair that this should happen to us.
我们竟然发生这样的事,这是不公平的。
注意,should与can都可表示惊讶之意,但前者侧重于“亲眼所见”,而后者侧
重于“未亲眼所见”。
eg.—Do you know Tom has been arrested because of robbery ?
—How can he do that ? (回答者未亲眼所见)
—你知道吗,汤姆因为抢劫罪被捕了。 —他怎么能做那样的事?
I witnessed that Tom robbed an old woman of money. How should he
do that ? (主语亲眼所见)
我目击汤姆抢劫了一名老妇人。他怎么能那样做?
③should可用来表示一种估计的情况,表示“按道理应该,估计会”,通常
与时间连用
eg.It’s already 7 o’clock.They should be there at any time. 已经七点钟了,他们估计随时会在那儿了。
—When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow.
—They should be ready by 12.00.
—我什么时候能拿到照片?我明天要用。 —估计明天12点就能好。 ④would用于疑问句表请求时,只用于第二人称,比will更委婉
eg.Would you kindly show me the way to the station ?
You’d like some tea,wouldn’t you ?
⑤would表示过去习惯性动作或倾向
eg.Occasionally he would come to see us ?
for her son to return from the front.
⑥用wouldn’t表示过去不具备一种性能
eg.The wound wouldn’t heal. The door wouldn’6、used to
只有过去式,表示“过去常常,过去曾是但现在不是)”。否定形式为didn’t
use to或used not to(简写为I can’t It’s not my cup of tea.不是我的菜。 Good for you. 真好!能这样不错。 Take it easy. 放轻松。不要着急。 It’I am almost beat. 我累坏了。 来份和他一样的。The same to me. 对我来说都一样。 别傻了。 You can say it again. 说得对。 谁也说不准。 That depends. 看情况。视情况而定。 You’re kidding. 你在开玩笑吧! Come off it! 别胡扯!
me.问倒我了,我也不知道。The more,the merrier. 人越多越好玩。 Let’到此为止吧。 You’ve got me there. 你考倒我了。 Take your time. 慢慢来。 Enjoy yourself. 过得愉快。请自便。 Pardon me. 原谅我。 Dear me! 天呐!
Thank goodness! 谢天谢地! You can’t be serious. 你在开玩笑吧。 You got it. 你说对了。 You’re not alone. 大家都这样。 Jast as I thought. 正如我所想。 Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇害死猫。 It’s all Greek to me. 一窍不通。 So far so good. 到目前为止一切顺利。 I mean it. 我是说真的。 Lighten up! 别生气!放轻松!
No kidding. 说真的。 It’s a piece of cake. 小菜一碟。 It’s a deal. 成交。 Big deal!有什么大不了的! You’ve got a point. 你说得对。 You bet. 没错,是这样。
At your service. 为您服务。 Better play it safe. 小心为妙。 Do as you please. 你开心就好。 Think nothing of it. 别放在心上。 Why bother ?何必呢?别费心了。 So what ? 那又怎样?
If you don’t mind.如果不介意的话。For shame! 真不害臊!
Let’s wait and see. 我们拭目以待。Just so-so. 一般般。马马虎虎。 I did’t get that. 我没听明白。 How come ? 怎么会?
Serve you right!你活该! I’ Don’t burn any bridges. 给自己留条后路。
I quite see you point. 我很明白你的意思。
Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。
It’s none of one’s business. 不关某人的事。
Some people have all the luck. 有些人总是走运。
Something is better than nothing. I can’t be too particular. Let’s find some of the action. The sooner begun,the sooner done.