初中语法精讲精练系列名词
一、名词
1、可数名词和不可数名词怎样来表示数量?哪些名词既可数又不可数名词?(6个单词) 基数词+可数名词复数或用many, a few, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+可数名词复数:eight oranges, many students, lots of tomatoes, some boys (注意区别some _____某个男孩), any matches (注意区别any _____ 任何比赛), six boxes of books
基数词+量词(piece, kind, box, bottle, cup, glass, bag…)+不可数名词或用much, a little, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+不可数名词:two pieces of paper, three boxes of orange, forty bags of rice, five cups of tea, much water, some drink, any advice
_____(工作,作品、工厂), _____(橙汁,桔子), _____(时间,次数、倍数), ______(鸡肉,小鸡), ______(纸,试卷、报纸), ______(玻璃,玻璃杯), _______(空间,房间)
2、可数名词复数如何变?
1 规则(1)、一般情况加____:pen→______, doctor→______ (2)、以___,____,___, ○
____,结尾的词加____:bus→_____,class→_____,box→______,fox→______,watch→______,brush→_____, wish→_____ (3)、以辅音母加___结尾的词变“____”为“____”再加_____:city→_____, factory→_____, country→_____, family→_____, baby→______, story→_____, party→______, century→_______, worry→______ (4)、以元音字母加___结尾的名词的复数形式只加___:boy→_____, day→_____, key→____, way→_____, toy→______
(5)、以____结尾的词多数都加____:hero→_____,potato→_______,tomato→_______ (6)、词末有两个元音字母的词和外来词只加____:zoo→______,radio→_____,photo→_______,piano→______ (7) 以___或_____结尾的词,多数变____为____再加____:knife→______,leaf→______, half→______, thief→_______, wife→______ (注意:roof(屋顶)→roofs;scarf→_______ / ________)。
2不规则(7个单词) man→_____,woman→_______,tooth→_____,foot→______, ○
goose→______,child→_______,mouse→______, policeman→_________, policewoman→_________, Englishman→________
3 单数形式而只能表示复数(2个单词) ________ 人, _________ 警察 ○
4 单复数形式相同(5个单词) ________ 中国人,○_______ 日本人,_____绵羊,_____鹿,_____鱼,_____方式
5 复数形式只能是单数 (3个单词) ______新闻, _____ 数学, _______ 物理, ______ 瀑布, ○
___________ 美国
6 一般只有复数无单数 (4个单词) _______(裤子), ______眼镜, _______ 衣服, ______ (货物), ○
_______ (筷子)
7 复合词的复数如何变 (1) 主名词为复数:banana tree→__________, daughter in law→ ○
_________,(儿媳),boy student→__________, girl friend→__________,shoe factory→___________ (2) 如是man或woman作定语时,同时变复数:man driver→________(男司机) woman doctor→_________(女大夫) (3) sport一般用复数作定语:sports bag→_________, sports shoe→________
8 人名复数的用法及意思是什么? The +人名表示_______ The Greens = _______ ○
family 谓语用____
3、名词所有格的加法及用法 (1) 单数后___:a ________ (学生)room, my _______(母亲) father (2) 以___结尾的复数在__后加__:______(双胞胎) rooms, _______ (教师) Day (注意:以___结尾的单数名词加____,如是姓氏(名字)时,则可以直接加___或加__:an _______ (女演员) experience, a _______(女服务员) job,______ (James) sister或______ sister,______
(Jones) books或______ books) (3) 特殊名词复数加____:_______ (儿童) Day, ________(妇女) Day, _______ (鼠) hair (4) 由and连接的表示共同拥有加______为所有格:___________ (玛丽和约翰) father, _________ (Nick and Tim) bedroom (注意:分别拥有则_____加所有格:____________ (Jim and Mike) mothers, _____________ (Jack and Lucy) chairs) (5) 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用____(此结构可以用连字号表示,此时所有格只能用单数):a twenty _______ (分钟) walk= a __________ walk,ten ______(英里) journey = ________ journey(旅行),a _______ (船) length(长度),two _______ weight = two-pound weight(两磅重), ten _______ worth = ten-dollar worth(值10美元)。
4、双重所有格的组成是什么?(1) a(two…)+名词______(_____)+_____+名词_____(_____物主代词) =one (two…) ____ +名词_____(_____物主代词)+名词_____:我父亲的一个朋友a _____ of ______ ______= one of my ______ _______, 我照片中的一张a photo of _____ = one of _____ ________ (2)the +名词+____+名词=(the)+名词______+名词:the ______(猫) name =the name ____ the ____, the _____(狗) legs =the legs _____ the _____, _____ (中国) population =the population _____ _____, China’s capital =the capital of China