英语中的倒装
高中英语语法-英语中的倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前,就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合:
I. 全部倒装
1. 用于there be句型。例如:
There are many students in the classroom.
2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:
1). Here comes the bus.
2).There goes the bell.
3). Now comes your turn.
4). Out went the children.
注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。例如:
5).Here it is
6). Here he comes.
3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:
① South of the city lies a big steel factory.
② From the valley came a frightening sound.
4. 表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”
1)形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
2)过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
3)介词短语+be+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.
5. 用于以so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致例如:
①He has been to Beijing. So have I.
②Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
6. 为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时
①They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.
②Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. Ⅱ. 部分倒装
1. 用于疑问句。例如:
Do you speak English?
2. 省略了if的条件句中,were,had或should可提到句首构成部分倒装例如:
①Were I not so busy,I should go with you.
②Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.
3. 在so...that(如此……以致于)句型中,若so...提至句首,则构成部分倒装
①So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
②So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
4. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)”引导的让步状语从句中。例如:
①Pretty as she is,she is not clever.
②Try as he would,he might fail again.
注意:
1)在as(though)引导的让步状语从句中,如果主语较长. 也可实行全部倒装。例如:
Difficult as was the chemistry homework,it was finished in me.
2)如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词例如:
Child as he was,he had to make a living.
5. 用于no sooner... than...,hardly...when和not until句型中,no sooner,hardly,not until置于句首时,句子倒装。例如:
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
6. 用于以never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little, often not only,not once等词开头的句子
例如:
①Never shall I do this again.
②Little did he know who the woman was.
7. 用于only开头的句子(only后面为副词、介词短语或句子)例如:
①Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
②Only in this way can you master English.
如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装,例如:
③Only Wang Ling knows this.
8. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装:
例如:“Let’s go,”said the man.
9. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子:例如:
①May you succeed!祝你成功!
②Long live the people!人民万岁!
③May you all be happy!祝你们幸福!
【典型例题】
1. Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it.
A.the teacher himself is;all his students are
B.the teacher himself is ;are all his students
C.is the teacher himself ;are all his students
D.is the teacher himself ;all his students are
【解析】选D包含not only...but(also)结构的句子,如果not only置于句首,not only所在句子要形成部分倒装,but(also)后面的句子不要倒装
2. —David has made great progress recently.
—____,and ____.
A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you
C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have
【解析】选B。前半部分意为“他的确如此”,对以上事实进一步肯定;后半部分意为“你也是如此”,
属于部分倒装。
3. Only in this way ____ to make improvement in the operating system.
A.you can hope B.you did hope C.can you hope D.did you hope
【解析】选C。本题中only置于句首修饰介词短语,引起句子部分倒装。因为句意表达的是一种条件,所以使用助动词did不合题意
【语法专练】
1. In no city of China ______ little about the economic development.
A.the government cares B.does the government care
C.doesn’t the government care D.the government doesn’t care
2. In no place other than Britain ____ experience four seasons in a single day.
A. you can B. people can C. can one D. can it
3. _____ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
4. _______ was leisure generally considered a waste of time.
A. Not until recently B. Not recently
C. Until recently D. Recently until
5. The child tiptoed quietly to the bird, _____ into the forest when he was about to catch it.
A. Flew it away B. Away flew it
C. Away it flew D. Flew away it
答案:1~5 BCBAC