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武汉轻工大学 本科毕业设计(论文)
白杨无性系茎尖培养及 体细胞胚胎发生技术研究
论文作者: ⅩⅩⅩ 指导教师: ⅩⅩⅩ 学科专业: 所在院系:
2013年6月
摘 要
本论文采用茎尖培养三步法,首次对引入我国表现优良的8个白杨无性系,进行了微体快繁,为今后系统的苗期测定及田间试验提供了材料。同时,选用了5个无性系,以水培苗或组培无菌苗为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导或对其发育状态调控及体细胞胚胎发生研究,为建立稳定的杨树体细胞胚胎发生体系奠定了基础。
试验结果表明,以水培苗带芽茎段为茎尖培养材料,银白杨与大齿杨杂种AG和美洲山杨与欧洲山杨杂种3#芽分化率显著低于其余6个无性系;垂直接种可显著提高水培苗腋芽分化率;玉米素浓度对芽分化率影响不明显,但影响材料的离体器官发生表现;8个无性系皆易诱导生根,其中银白杨与大齿杨杂种AG和灰杨Ca较其它无性系更易,选用根数作为评定生根效果指标更合适。
4-D高浓度悬浮培养下,成功的将美洲山杨与欧洲山杨杂种3#叶柄愈伤组织调节为胚性状态,通过细胞悬浮培养,获得了大量的球形胚,并首次观察到灰杨Ca茎尖白色愈伤组织内起源的子叶胚形成,得到了完整植株。基因型和4-D浓度对愈伤组织状态调节,至为关键。温度变化可影响茎尖形态发生。愈伤组织达到胚性状态时,表面特征不一致,但有产生胚性细胞能力强弱之分。
关键词:白杨,茎尖培养,体细胞胚胎发生,悬浮培养,微体繁殖
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a three-step micropropagation was successfully employed for 8 selected genotypes of aspen. At the same time, through the induction of embryogenic callus, Somatic embryogenesis was studied. It would be beneficial to establish a stable system of embryogenesis in poplar.
The results of study on aspen shoot culture using node as explant show that percent bud regeneration of AG and 3# was lower than that of the other clones. Percentage of bud regeneration could be improved at vertical cutting. With the increasing of zeatin concentration, in vitro organogenesis was different. All clones were easy to induce rooting, especially AG and Ca, and number of roots was fit to estimate the effect on rooting of plantlet.
Supplemented with 10mg/L 4-D, suspension cultures initiated from callus derived from petiole of aspen hybrid 3# produced embryogenic callus and a highest number of globular-shaped embryos, and cotyledonary-stage embryos originated from white callus of grey aspen Ca shoot were first observed and embling were obtained. Genotypes and concentration of 4-D was critical to induce embryogenic and somatic embryogenesis. Morphogenesis of shoot was affected by culture temperature. Characteristic of callus produced embryogenic cell was heterogeneous, but potential ability to produce embryogenic cell was different.
Key words: aspen clones, shoot culture, somatic embryogenesis, callus, cell culture
目 录
第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………1
1.1 杨树茎尖培养研究进展„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 1.1.1 杨树茎尖培养概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 1.1.2 杨树茎尖技术研究„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 1.2 杨树体细胞胚胎发生研究进展„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 1.2.1 杨树体细胞胚胎发生技术概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 1.2.2 杨树体细胞胚胎发生技术研究„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
第2章 ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅩ…………………………………………………18
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„
参考文献………………………………………………………………61 致谢……………………………………………………………………66 附录……………………………………………………………………67 攻读学位期间的研究成果……………………………………………68
第3章 白杨无性系体细胞胚胎发生技术研究
第3章 白杨无性系体细胞胚胎发生技术研究
3.1 材料与方法
体细胞胚胎发生,在植物生长发育学理论研究和实际应用中,是合子胚和器官发生无法比拟的,是人们梦寐以求的离体形态发生方式。杨树作为林木生物学研究的模式树种之一,体细胞胚胎发生技术相对要落后的多。在离体培养形态发生中,杨树体细胞胚胎发生成功率和重复率比较低,有必要进一步研究。
3.1.1 愈伤组织诱导
(1)基因型与激素对愈伤组织诱导的影响
选取灰杨Ca、银白杨与大齿杨杂种AG、欧洲山杨Ta、美洲山杨与欧洲山杨杂种3#及欧洲山杨与美洲山杨杂种TaT,5个无性系水培苗叶柄,用0.1%氯化汞浸约3min,无菌水冲洗3次,接种于含有ZT(0,0.05,0.5 mg/L)三个浓度水平和4-D(0.5,5mg/L)二个浓度水平的MS30培养基中,进行愈伤组织诱导。30d统计接种外植体数、死亡数及产生愈伤组织数,并计算愈伤组织诱导率(产生愈伤组织数/外植体数)和死亡率(死亡数/外植体数)。培养条件同2.1.1,下同。
(以下略)
武汉工业学院硕士学位论文
(2)材料类型对愈伤组织诱导的影响
取欧洲山杨Ta、欧洲山杨与美洲山杨杂种TaT、美洲山杨与欧洲山杨杂种3#及灰杨Ca,4个无性系水培苗叶柄、茎段、叶片,三种材料接种于
MS30+ZT0.05mg/L+4-D(0.5,5mg/L)培养基中,进行愈伤组织诱导。同时取银白杨与大齿杨杂种AG考虑四种材料,接种于相同培养基中,见表3.1,调查方法同2.1.2。
表3.1 愈伤组织诱导试验接种水培苗材料类型 Tab 3.1 Type of explant on callus induction of 5 aspen clones
无性系 AG Ca TaT Ta 3#
叶柄 + + + + +
叶片 + + + + +
茎段* + + + + +
茎尖 + NT NT NT NT
注a:*-茎段长1-2cm不区分是否带芽; 注b:+-进行试验的材料。
(以下略)
(3)光照对愈伤组织诱导的影响
取银白杨与大齿杨杂种AG和欧洲山杨Ta水培苗叶片及叶柄接种于MS30+ZT0.05mg/L+4-D(0.5,5mg/L)培养基中,进行愈伤组织诱导,光照强度分为三个水平:1000-2000lux、20lux(弱光)、完全黑暗,实验结果如图3.1所示。
图3.1 白杨无性系1/2MS20+IBA0.5mg/L20d生根情况
Fig 3.1 Effect of genotype on rooting after 20 days cultured on 1/2MS20+IBA0.5mg/L
泡沫的膨胀比的计算公式为:
EVMM1M2 (3.1)
(以下略)
参考文献
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