八年级上册unit8
Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake? Grammer Focus 名词 一、专有名词
1. 专有名词常用来表示人名,国名,地名,书名,节日名,团体机构及某类人和事物专有 的名称。
表示人名,称谓,地名,星期,月份的专有名词前一般不用冠词。 普通名词
三、可数名词的复数
规则变化的可数名词复数形式变化规则:
“四十七”原则:单词以s, sh, ch结尾的要加-es; class—classes; dish---dishes; bench---benches;
1. 直接在词尾加-s,如map—maps; bag—bags;
2. 以s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的名词在词尾加--es, 如bus---buses; box---boxes;
watch---watches;
brush---brushes。特例:
stomach---stomachs.
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i, 再加-es, 如baby---babies; family---families。
4. 以f或fe结尾的名词大多数变f或fe为—ves, 如half---halves; wife---wives。
巧记-f(e)结尾的名词复数: 将f变为v,再加es:
小偷之妻生活难,(thief, wife, life) 自己扫叶来做饭。(self, leaf) 忽见一狼躲架后,(wolf, shelf) 取刀把它劈两半。(knife, half) 直接加s变复数:
海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;(gulf, roof, chief, serf) 谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。(belief, proof, handkerchief) 不规则变化的可数名词复数形式:
1. 以o结尾的名词,有生命的加—es,无生命的加—s;但以元音字母加o结尾的名词在词尾加—s, 如tomato---tomatoes, photo---photos, kangaroo---kangaroos。 (黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。) Negro hero potato tomato 2. 变元音,如man---men, foot---feet。
3. 词尾加—en或---ren, 如child---children, ox---oxen。 4. 单复数形式同形,如sheep---sheep, deer---deer,
Chinese---Chinese。
(中国人和日本人爱护绵羊,鹿和鱼。) Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish
注意:fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es才成复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数形式相同;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。 特殊的复数形式(集体名词 ):
例题:---Two died in the accident. --- terrible it is!
A. policemen; How B. policeman; What C. police; What D. policemans; How
1. 一些集体名词总是用作复数。如people, police, cattle, staff。 2. 部分集体名词既可以作单数(表整体),也可以作复数(表成员)。如class, family。
3. 同时具有两种复数形式。如fish,强调“条数”时,复数形式为fish;强调“种类”时,复数形式是fishes。 4. 只有复数形式。如trousers, clothes, glasses。 5. 表示“某国人”,可分为三类;
a. 加-s。如Americans,Australians,Germans b. 单复数同形。如Chinese,Japanese。
c. 以—man或—woman结尾的,变复数时改为—men或---women。如Englishmen, Frenchwomen。 复合名词的复数形式
1. 通常做定语的名词用单数,主体名词用复数。如two apple trees。2. man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数如man doctor---men doctors。
3. 特例:sport做定语时通常用复数,如sports meetings。
特例:On Sundays, the often buy a lot of food all at once.
A. housewife B. housewives C. houseswives D. Housewifes
(二)不可数名词的数
1. 通常不可数名词只有单数,没有复数。
2. 有些不可数物质名词也有复数形式,但意义发生了变化。 fruit水果----------fruits各种各样的水果
fish鱼肉-----------two fish两条鱼-----------two fishes 两种鱼 3. 抽象名词表示具体事物时为可数名词,可被a / an修饰,也可以有复数形式,表示“某种人或事”。
pleasure两人高兴的人或事 pity令人感到遗憾的人或事物
例题:I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.
A. fish B. potatoes C. nooldes (三) 名词所有格
1. 有生命的单数名词:Jack’s father Tom’s pen 2. 有生命的复数名词:the Teachers’ Office
3. 表示时间,距离,国家等的名词: half an hour’s walk 步行半小时的路程
4. 表示几个人共同拥有的名词:Mike and John’s desk 两人共有 5. 表示每个人各自拥有的名词:Mike’s and John’s desks 每个人都有,desk用复数
6. 表示无生命的名词:the legs of the desk 一.短语归纳
1.制作香蕉奶昔 make a banana milk shake 2.接通(电流,煤气,水等);打开turn on 关闭 turn off 开大; 调高 turn up 关小;调低 turn down 3.切碎 cut up=cut into pieces
4.把……倒入…… pour……into…… 5.把……放进……里put…… in/into…… P58
6.need做实义动词
需要某物 need sth. (某人)需要做某事need to do sth.
need做情态动词,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 7.多少 how many+pl. how much+un.(还可问价格) 8.一杯酸奶 a cup of yogurt 9.制作水果沙拉 make fruit salad
10.首先,然后,接下来,最后First, Then, Next, Finally 11.烹饪30分钟 cook them for 30 minutes 12.另外10分钟 another 10 minutes =ten more minutes
13.把……加到…… 上 add…… to…… 14.最后 finally =at last=in the end 15.忘记某事/某人 forget sth./sb. 把某物忘记在某地leave sth. at/in/on+地点 P59
17.半杯 half a cup 18.爆米花机 the popcorn machine 19.打开机器 turn on the machine 20.种植树 plant a tree 21.挖坑 dig a hole 22.做牛肉面 make beef noodles 23.洗衣服 wash clothes 24.拿出;取出 take out
从图书馆拿出一本书take out a book from the library P61
25.你喜欢放在三明治里的生菜吗? Do you like lettuce in a sandwich? 26.在大多数国家 in most countries 27.传统食物 traditional food 28.在特别的节假日里on special holidays 29.在十一月的第四个星期四 on the fourth Thursday in November 30.为……而感谢give thanks for 31.代我问候某人remember me to sb. 32.如今 these days 33.吃一顿大餐have a big meal 34.主菜 the main dish
35.用……装满/填满…… fill…… with…… 36.用……把……遮盖起来cover……with…… 37.把……切成…… cut…… into…… 38.为某人提供某物 serve sb. sth.=serve sth. to sb. 39.在高温下 at a high temperature 40.……的原因 the reasons for P63
41.为了做这种特别的食物to make this special food 42.鸡汤 chicken soup
43.把鸡肉切成片 cut the chicken into pieces 44.一个接一个 one by one
45.到吃米线的时候了。It’s time to eat the rice noodles. . plant a tree 种树
make beef noodles 包牛肉饺子 wash clothes 洗衣服
take out a book from a library 从图书馆里拿出书 make a list 制作列表
shopping list 购物单
a piece of bread 一片吐司 a slice of turkey 一片火鸡肉
Thanksgiving/ Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 eat/have traditional food 吃传统食物
in most countries 在大多数国家 on special holidays 在特殊的节日
take a holiday/vacation 休假 give thanks to food 感恩食物
at this time 在这时 at this time of year 每年的这个时候 many of them 他们中的许多人 in their new home 在她们的新家
one way to do 做某事的一个方式,方法 the best way to do 做某事的最好方法 mix A with B 把A和B混合 mix up 弄乱
a few/ several hours 好几个小时 serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人
at a high/low temperature/price高/低温度,价格 in a large/small bowl 在一个大/小婉里 the reason for sth. 某事的理由 the main dishes 主食
Yunnan Rice Noodles 云南过桥米线 Section A
考点1 Turn on the blender.打开搅拌机
Turn(1)作动词,意为"转动,翻转,使弯曲,转变"。 Wheels can turn.轮子可以转动。
(2)作名词,意为"转动,变动,机会,(一)圈,(一)阵,轮流"。
Give the knob a few turns.把那个把手转几下。 拓展:与turn相关的短语
turn on 打开(电器等) turn off关上(电器等) turn up音量调大,调高
turn down 把音量调小,调低 turn out关,熄灭(灯、煤气),生产,结果是,证明是
turn in 上交 turn into 使成为,翻译成 turn to 转向
turn against反对 turn over翻转
eg. Each student has to turn in a composition once a week.每个学生每周必须交一篇作文。
Ice can turn into water.冰能变成水。 He turned over in bed.他在床上翻了个身。
注意:在"动词+副词"短语中,若宾语是代词时只能放在动词和副词中间;若宾语为名词,则既可以放在中间也可以放在副词的后面。
Please turn it out.请把它熄灭。
比较:open意为"打开,开放",指打开门、窗、盒、书、抽屉等,反义词为close。
Will you please open the window?请你把窗户打开好吗? The bank isn't open yet.银行尚未开门。 open还可作形容词,意为"开着的,敞开的"。 in the open air在户外(在野外)
EX: 1.Don't_______the radio.The boy is sleeping. http://w ww.xkb 1. A.turn on B.turn off C.turn over D.turn down
Don't do any other things while you are doing your homework,so please________your MP3?
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
I'm doing my homework.Would you please turn your radio_________a little?
A.on B.off C.up D.down I can't hear the music clearly.Please_________a little. A.turn on it B.turn it on C.turn up it D.turn it up 考点2 Cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉。
cut up 为动副结构,意为"切碎",相当于cut…into pieces。后跟代词宾语时应该放在cut和up的中间。 cut up...into把。。。切成。。。形状
He cut up the apples.=He cut the apples (up)into pieces.他把苹果切碎。
拓展:与cut相关的短语
cut out 剪除 cut down 减少,降低,削弱,砍倒 cut off中断,切断,阻隔
have\get one's hair cut某人剪头发
cut sth.in half\two将某物对半切开 cut in line插队 Eg. She cut off a small piece of cake and gave it to me.她切下一小块蛋糕给我。
The doctors have told him to cut down smoking and drinking.医生们已告诫他少吸烟喝酒。 EX:---What should we do next? ---We have to________.
A.cut them up B.cut up them C.cut and up them D.cut up 考点3 Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒进果汁机里。 pour作及物动词,意为"倾倒,灌,下大雨",其后可接宾语或双宾语。
Please pour me a glass of water.请给我倒杯水。 It was pouring all night.整夜都下着倾盆大雨。
pour…into…意为"把……倒进……里",常指液体,相当于
put...into...。
拓展:与pour相关的短语
pour out倒出,涌出来 pour down倾泻,奔流而下 pour into倾泻,流入
Please pour the cold water out.请把凉水倒出来。
People poured into\out of the railway station.人们涌入\出火车站。 辨析:in与into
in和into都可以表示"在(到)...里面",有时可以互换,但侧重点不同:in是表示物体位置的静态介词;into表示动作方向的动态介词,常与表示动作的动词come/go/run/rush连用。当与put/fall/throw等动词连用时,两者可互换。类似的词有onto和on。 I found her in the bedroom.我在卧室里找到她。 Please carry the box into the room.请把这盒子搬进房间。 EX:1.They poured the waste water________the sea. A.into B.in C.to D.at She came________the classroom in silence. A.into B.in C.on D.at
---What's the matter with Mr.White? He is wet through. ---His car ran_________a river. A.into B.in C.to D.at
考点4 Add the cabbage,tomatoes and onions and cook for another 10 minutes.加入大白菜、西红柿和洋葱,然后再煮10分钟。 add A to B 添加A到B
eg:Please add some potatoes to the soup. add up to 总计…
eg: All of these add up to 20. 所有这些总计是20. add to 增加
eg:The TV adds to our happiness. 电视给我们增加了快乐。 考点 No, one more thing.不,还有一件事。
More adj."又、再",常放在修饰词和被修饰词之间。 He wants to have two more apples.他想再吃两个苹果。 辨析:more,other和another
这三个词都可以表示"又、再",区别如下:
More和other均放在修饰词和被修饰词之间 three more\other hours
Another 放在修饰词之前 another three hours EX:1.---Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory? ---No,I think we need_________students.
A.another B.two others C.more two D.two more
Time is not enough for so much work.________people are needed,I think.
A.Another two B.two others C.other two D.only two
One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow and __________.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
考点5 Finally,don't forget to add some salt.最后,别忘了加盐。 finally 作副词,意为"最后",可用在句首、句中或句末,多修饰动态动词,位置较灵活。它位于句中时,要放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。该词用于列举论点时,引出最后一个内容,有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。w A.is B.are C.has D.have The girl always reads books for__________.
A.four and half hours B.four hours and a half C.four and half hour D.four hour and a half The little baby has four________already.
W w .X k b 1.c O m
Finally they finished the work.最后他们完成了这项工作。 比较:at last\in the end和at the end of
at last意为"最后",用于句首或句尾,有时可与finally互换带有较浓厚的感情色彩,强调经过曲折后才达到目的。
in the end意为"终于,最后",用于句首或句尾,可与at last互换,表示经过困难之后才达到目的,但表示对结局的预测时,只能用in the end。
They arrived at the village in the end.最后,他们到达了那个村子。 at the end of意为"在...尽头,在...末尾",既可以表示时间,也可以表示空间。
At the end of the street,you can see a hospital.在大街的尽头,你可以看到一家医院。
He put his socks at the end of the bed.他把袜子放在床尾。 add可作及物动词和不及物动词,意为"增加,添加"。
短语:add...to\into\in+名词代词,"把...加到...中(介词后的名词或代词表示加的对象或地方)"。
The music added to our enjoyment.音乐给我们增添了快乐。 拓展:与add相关的短语
add...in包括...在内 add up合计,加起来 add to增加 Don't forget to add me.别忘了算上我。
Please add these things up.请把这些东西都加起来。 I don;t want to add to your trouble.我不想给你增添麻烦。 EX:1.I'm sure she will succeed_________.
A.in the end B.finally C.at the end D.at last We talked about it for hours._________,we decided not to go. A.In the end B.Finally C.At the end of D.At last we waited and waited,and the train_________arrived.
A.in the end B.finally C.at the end of D.at last Good friends________happiness and value to life.
A.add to B.add up to C.add up D.add 考点6 half a cup半杯
Half(1)adj."一半的",一般放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前。 They stayed there for half an hour.他们在那待了半小时。 (2)pron. 常与of连用。当"half of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词的单复数决定于half of 之后的名词或代词的数。 Half of the books have been sold.一半的书被卖了。 Half of the money has run out.一半的钱用完了。 拓展:英语中"一(几)个半"的表达方式 a\an(数词)+表示量的名词的复数+and a half one(数词) and a half +表示量的名词的复数
Eg. an hour and a half=one and a half hours 一个半小时 three years and a half=three and a half years 3年半 EX:1.Half of these apples_______bad.You'd better not eat them.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths The_________are going to fly to Beijing.
A.Germen B.Germany C.German D.Germans ---Are there any________on the farm? ---Yes,there are some.
A.horse B.sheep C.duck D.goose There is little________in the fridge.Let's go and buy some. A.apples B.eggs C.vegetables D.milk The guide has_________.She will show them to us.
A.some old paper B.some special food C.a new jacket D.some beautiful pictures Section B
考点1 When it is ready,place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
当它准备好了时,把火鸡放在一个大盘子里,然后在上面浇上一层肉汁。
place (1)v."放置,安置,安排",与表示场所的副词(短语)连用;是比put更正式的说法。
You place me in a difficult position.你使我非常为难。 (2)n[C] 地方,处所
Australia is a big place.澳大利亚是一个大地方。 拓展:与place相关的短语
from place to place处处 in place of 代替 in place适当地,在恰当位置 take place发生
out of place未在应该的位置,不适当地 take one's place\take the place of sb.代替某人,接替 cover vt.\vi.遮盖,盖住
短语:be covered with 被...覆盖,长满
Eg:The tree is covered with flowers now.那棵树现在开满了花。 He covered his knees with a blanket.他用毛毯把膝盖盖住。 拓展: cover的其他用法 vt.覆盖(面积);占(地)
Their school covers 6 square miles.他们学校占地6平方英里。 vt.行走(距离);行过(路程);读完(若干项等)
The old man covered 25 kilometers in a single day.这个老人一天走了25公里。
(3)vt.对...进行新闻采访、报道
The reporters covered the earthquake in Ya'an.记者报道了雅安地震。
(4)vt.包含;包括
His report covered all aspects of the problem.他的报道涵盖了这个问题的所有层面。 (5)vt.(钱)够用
Will 1000 dollars cover the bill?1000美元足够付账吗? (6)n覆盖物,套子;(书刊等的)封面、封皮 He put the cover on his piano.他给钢琴罩上了琴套。 The book needs a new cover.这本书需要换新封皮。 EX:1.You can_______your desk with a piece of paper. A.cover B.fill C.paint D.repair The ground_______snow after the heavy snow.
A.covered B.was covered C.was covered with D.covered with
---The reporter_______the hero who saved the boy from the river. ---That's right.And the TV station will broadcast the interview. A.covered B.visit C.wrote D.reported ---The stroy_______only three days and is very interesting. ---So it is.It is popular with children.
A.covers B.includes C.continues D.lasts 考点2Next,fill the turkey with this bread mix 接着,用这个面包混合物填满火鸡 fill(v.) 填满full(adj.)装满的,饱的,忙的 I’m full/busy these days. I’m full now.
fill A with B 把A装满B A be fill with B/ A be full of B A 里装满了B
Be fill with=be full of 充满,装满 Fill...with “用...填充...”
考点3.finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetable 最后,放一些蔬菜把他端给你的朋友们吃 Serve
Serve sb with sth “用某物招待某人” The host served us with beer Serve sb/sth”招待某人、提供某物” This restaurant serves many people every Sever sb /sth to sb”提供某物” He served some sweets to the children
考点4. When it is ready,place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy
当它准备好时,把火鸡放在一个大盘子上,并且有肉汁盖在上面 Cover....with...“用....盖住...” 其被动语态为be covered with...“被...覆盖”
cover(v.)盖住,覆盖
cover A with B 用B盖住A A be covered with B A被B覆盖住 (n.) 封面,盖子 The cover of your book is wonderful