柴门夫人2012年第10期
编者注： 《圣经》里说，人类联合起来试图兴建能通往天堂的巴别塔，为了阻止人类的计划，上帝让人类说不同的语言，使其相互之间不能沟通，计划因此失败，人类自此各散东西，误会重重，偏见、误解遍布人间。千百年过去了，有一个叫柴门霍夫的人走了出来，他即将挑战上帝的这一作为。 Before the 19th century， thousands of languages have been made to seek （追寻） one dream but only one made it. People were trying to find a way to end people’s communication trouble and create peace between each other. Then one day Esperanto （世界语） went into people’s eyes. Esperanto is the most widely spoken man—made language and Zamenhof is its creator. He has dedicated his whole life into the amazing language. 在十九世纪以前，有成百上千中的人造语言被创造出来去追寻一个梦想，但只有一种语言成功了。人们当时正努力寻找一种方法来消除人们的语言障碍和创造彼此间的和谐。于是有一天世界语走进了人们的视野。世界语是现在运用最为广泛的人造语种，柴门霍夫先生便是世界语的创始人，他为这种奇妙的语言奉献了自己的一生。 Zamenhof was born on December 15， 1859 in the town of Biatystok （now part of Poland）. He considered his native language to be his father’s Russian， but also his mother’s Yiddish. As he grew older， he spoke more Polish， and that became the native language of his children. His father was a teacher of German， and he also spoke that language fluently. Later he learned French， Latin， Greek， Hebrew， and English， and had an interest in Italian， Spanish and Lithuanian. 1859年12月15日，柴门霍夫出生在比亚韦斯托克（现在是波兰的一部分），柴门霍夫认为他的母语是他父亲说的俄语和他母亲说的依地语，但成长中波兰语又成为了他儿时的母语。他的父亲是一名德语教师，所以柴门霍夫同时也能说一口流利的德语。他又曾学习了法语、拉丁语、希腊语、希伯来语和英语，同时也研究意大利语、西班牙语和立陶宛语。 The population of Biatystok was made up of three groups： Poles， Germans， and Belarusians. It often leads to quarrels among these groups. Zamenhof was frustrated by the many quarrels. He supposed that the main reason for the hate and prejudice was the misunderstanding caused by the lack of one common language. Zamenhof’s dream is to create a simple neutral （中立的） language， and hope it would be served as a common second language to realize the ideal of peace and mutual understanding. 他出生的小镇有三个民族的人居住：波兰人、犹太人和白俄罗斯人。由于语言、宗教信仰不同，经常导致争执的发生。柴门霍夫为这些争执而烦恼。他认为没有统一的语言是产生偏见的主要原因。柴门霍夫的梦想就是造出一种简单易学的中立语言，并且希望能够作为通用的第二语言来实现和平和互相理解的理想。 He knew that to reach this goal， any old or new language was not the one he wanted. Then he began to create a new language. During his middle school days， he had made many attempts and after comparing with many languages he had known， he created a universal language. After years of efforts， he finally created Esperanto. 他认为，要达到这一目的，古代和现代的语言都是不适用的。于是，他开始着手创造一种新的语言。后来，在中学期间，他对这种语言进行了各种尝试，并且和他所学过的各种语言相互比较。最后他成功地创造出了早期的通用语言。并经过几年的努力后，发展出了世界语。 Decide whether the following sentences are True（T） or False（F） according to the passage. （ ）1. Zamenhof created the Esperanto before the 19th century. （ ）2. Esperanto is a kind of language which mixed up French， Latin， Greek， and English. （ ）3. Esperanto is made by man. （ ）4. He wanted to create a kind of language which could reduce the hate and prejudice.