美国大学对本科生的12条培养标准
1．具有清楚地思维、谈吐、写作的能力（The ability to think, speak and write clearly）;
2．具有以批评的方式系统地推理的能力（The ability to reason critically and systematically）;
3．具有形成概念和解决问题的能力（The ability to conceptualize and solve problems）;
4．具有独立思考的能力（The ability to think independently）;
5．具有敢于创新及独立工作的能力（The ability to take initiative and work independently）;
6．具有与他人合作的能力（The ability to work in cooperation with others and learn collaboratively）;
7．具有判断什么意谓着彻底理解某种东西的能力（The ability to judge what is means to understand something thoroughly）;
8．具有辨识重要的东西与琐碎的东西、持久的东西与短暂的东西的能力（The ability to distinguish the important from the trivial,the enduring from the ephemeral）;
9．熟悉不同的思维方式（定量、历史、科学、道德、美学）（Familiarity with different modes of thought）;
10．具有某一领域知识的深度（Depth of knowledge in a particular field）;
11．具有观察不同学科、文化、理念相关之处的能力（The ability to see connection among disciplines, ideas and cultures）;
12．具有一生求学不止的能力（The ability to pursue lifelong learning）。