初一英语上册
外研版初一英语上册精品
复习资料 惠民英语
Module 1—2
1、I can play tennis. 我会打网球。 2、He can ride a bike. 他会骑自行车。 3、We can speak English. 我们会说英语 4、This is Daming’s mother. 这是大明的妈妈 5、These are Betty’s parents. 这些是Betty的双亲。
6、Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 是的,我会。/ 不,我不会。7、Can Linda speak Chinese? Linda会说汉语吗?
Yes, she can. / No, she can’t. 是的,她会。/ 不,她不会。 Module 3 1、There is a computer in my classroom. 在我的教室里有一个电脑。
2、There are 42 desks in my classroom. 在我的教室里有42张课桌。
3、There isn’t a television in my classroom. 在我的教室里没有一台电视机。
4、There aren’t any pictures in my classroom. 在我的教室里没有任何的图画。 5、Is there a dining hall ? 有餐厅吗? Yes, there is. 有。
6、Are there any school office ? 有学校办公室吗?
Yes, there are. 有。
7、Is there a computer on Miss Li’s desk ? 李小姐的桌子上有电脑吗?
No, there isn’t. 不,没有。8、Are there any computers on your desks ? 在你们的桌子上有电脑吗?
No, there aren’t. 不,没有。
9、That’s not right. 不对。10、In Daming’s class there are 21 girls. 在大明的班里有21名女生。 11、Where are the classrooms? 教室在哪里? The classrooms are behind the offices. 教室在办公室的后面。
12、Where’s the library? 图书馆在哪里? It’s in front of the gym. 它在体育馆的前面。
Module 4
1、I’ve got four grandparents. 我有4位祖父母
2、I haven’t got any uncles. 我没有叔叔。
3、You’ve got a big family. 我有一个大家庭
4、I’ve got a small family. 我有一个小家庭
5、There are…people in my family. 我家有…(多少多少)人
6、His/ Her name is… 他的/ 她的名字是… 7、Their names are… 他们的名字是… 8、He’s got a sister. 我有一个姐姐。
9、He hasn’t got any brothers. 他没有任何的兄弟。
10、We’ve got a small family. 我们有一个小家庭。
11、Have you got a big family? 你有一个大家庭吗?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 是的,我有。/ 不,我没有。 12、How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人?
13、Have you got any brothers? 你有任何的兄弟吗?
14、Has he got any sisters? 他有任何的姐妹吗?
15、Have you got a small family or a big family? 你有一个小家庭还是一个大家 庭?
Module 5
1、Have you got any juice? 你有果汁吗?
2、We haven’t got any milk. 我们没有牛奶
3、Fruit and vegetables are healthy food but hamburgers and candy aren’t healthy food. 水果和蔬菜是健康食品但是汉堡包和糖果不是健康食品。
4、Coke, ice cream and hamburgers are unhealthy food and drink.
可乐、冰激凌和汉堡包不是健康食品和饮料。
Module 6
1、 Let’s go in the evening. 咱们晚上去吧。 All right. 好的。
2、Would you like to go to a football match with me?
你想和我一起去看足球比赛吗? That’s a great idea! 真是个好主意!
3、When is film? 电影什么时候放映? It’s on Sunday, in the afternoon./It’s on Sunday afternoon. 在周日下午。 Where is the film? 在哪里上映?
It’s at New Times cinema. 在新时代影院。
Module 8
1、 I always listen to music. 我总是听音乐。
2、She usually wears silk shirts. 她通常穿真丝衬衫。 3、He never plays computer games. 他从来就不玩电脑游戏。
4、She doesn’t like table tennis. 她不喜欢乒乓球。
5、They don’t go to the cinema. 他们不去看电影。
6、We often make a cake for his birthday. 我们经常为他的生日制作蛋糕。 7、My brother likes reading novels. 我哥哥喜欢看小说。
8、It’s Mike’s birthday on Saturday. 周六是Mike 的生日。 9、We usually play basketball on Saturday. 我们通常在周六打篮球。
10、He often goes to the cinema. 他经常去看电影。
11、She doesn’t like table tennis or basketball. 她不喜欢乒乓球和篮球。
12、She never wears jeans or trainers. 她从来
不穿牛仔裤和运动鞋。
13、Mary often goes to concerts. Mary 经常去听音乐会。
14、They always open their presents at once. 他们总是马上打开礼物。
Module 9
1、--Does the tiger come from Europe? -老虎来自欧洲吗?
--No, it doesn’t. It comes from Asia. -不,它来自亚洲。
2、Let’s go and see a tiger. 咱们去看看熊猫吧。
3、The monkey is my favourite animal. /My favourite animal is the monkey. 猴子是我最喜欢的动物。
4、The elephant doesn’t eat meat
Module 1—2
1、play basketball打篮球
2、play football踢足球
3、play table tennis打兵乓球
4、play tennis打网球
5、play the piano弹钢琴
7、ride a bike骑自行车
8、sing pop songs唱流行歌曲
9、have a swim游泳
10、factory manager工厂经理
11、hotel secretary宾馆秘书
12、Beijing International School北国际学校
13、factory worker工厂工人
14、a doctor in a hospital医生在医院
15、my parents我的父母亲
16、an English teacher一名英语老师
17、your father’s job你爸爸的工作
18、speak English说英语
19、welcome … to…欢迎…到…
20、speak Chinese说汉语
Module 3
1、in front of在…前面
2、next to隔壁
3、behind在…后面
4、science lab科学实验室
5、twenty-one二十一
6、ninety-nine九十九
7、thirty-two三十二
8、forty-three四十一
9、fifty-four五十四
10、sixty-five六十五
11、seven-six七十六
12、eighty-seven八十七
13、in my classroom在我的教室里
14、in our school在我们学校
15、on our desks在我们的桌子上
16、on Miss Li’s desk在李小姐的桌子上
17、in a building在一个建筑物里
18、on the blackboard在黑板上
19、his dictionary他的字典
20、a gym一个体育馆
21、a dining hall一个餐厅
22、office building办公大楼
23、the library图书馆
24、in the picture在图画上
25、a television一个电视机
26、her computer她的电脑
27、our teacher我们的老师
28、their classroom他们的教室
Module 4
1、a small family小家庭
2、her mother and father她的妈妈和爸爸
3、my parents我的父母亲
4、your grandparents你的祖父母
5、his brother他的兄弟
6、their sister他们的姐妹
7、my aunt and uncle我的叔叔和婶婶
8、your grandmother and grandfather你的爷爷和奶奶
9、an American friend一个美国朋友
10、how many多少
Module 5
1、Chinese food中国食品
2、American food美国食品
3、favourite food最喜爱的食品
4、in the fridge在冰箱里
5、healthy food and drink 健康食品和饮料
6、unhealthy food and drink不健康食品和饮料
Module 6
1、my favourite film star我最喜欢的电影明5、get a birthday card收到一张生日贺卡
6、Tony 的生日Tony’s birthday
7、送给他一张生日贺卡send him a birthday card
8、一双运动鞋a pair of trainers
9、一条牛仔裤a pair of jeans
星
2、in the morning在早晨
3、in the afternoon在下午
4、in the evening在晚上
5、on Monday在星期一
6、go to the cinema去看电影
7、ask sb to do sth请某人做某事
8、piano lesson钢琴课
9、stay at home呆在家里
10、go to the park去公园
11、play computer games玩电脑游游戏
12、the magic show魔术表演
13、swimming lesson游泳课
14、on the phone打电话
15、visit Grandma探望奶奶
Module 8
1、a box of chocolate一盒巧克力
2、have a birthday party举办生日聚会
3、a film ticket一张电影票
4、get a present收到一件礼物
10、a lot of / lots of许多 11、watch the football match on TV通过电视看足球比赛
12、different habits不同的习惯
13、at once立刻,马上
14、as birthday present作为生日礼物
Module 9
1、visit China访问中国
2、every day每天
3、more animals更多的动物
4、in the jungle在热带雨林
5、all around the world全世界
6、in the wild在野外
7、15 kilos of bamboo a day每天15千克竹子
8、12 hours a day每天12小时
9、stay healthy保持健康
Module 10
1、connect…to…把…与…相连
2、switch on打开;接通
3、save the document保存文件
4、open a document打开文件
5、go online上网
6、download…from the Internet从网上上下载……
download…from the email从电子邮件上下载……
7、connect the Internet连接网络
8、download information下载信息
9、visit a website访问网站
10、send an email发邮件
11、switch on a computer打开电脑
12、print your work打印文件
13、click on save点击保存
14、play a computer game玩电脑游戏
15、make travel plan制定旅行计划
16、Xiao Mei uses her laptop for work … 小梅用她的笔记本电脑工作…
初一(上)期末英语测试精选笔
试试题
笔试部分(120分) 一、下面有一些单项选择,看看谁做得最好,要认真考虑啊!(20分)
( ) 1. ---- ___________ is your father? ---- He is a __________.
A. Who, policeman B. What, teacher
C. What, my uncle D. Who, doctor ( ) 2. There _______ a poster and two
pictures on the wall.
A. is B. does C. be D. am
( ) 3. ____________ your father usually
________ on Sunday?
A. Does, work B. Do, work C. Is, work D. Is, working
( ) 4. Li Ping, Kate and I _______ looking
forward to Chinese New Year.
A. are all B. all are C. am D. is
( ) 5. Teachers’ Day is __________.
A. on Sep .9 B. on Sep .10 C. in Sep .9 D. in Sep .10
( ) 6. She sometimes ________ me _______
the housework on Saturday.
A. help, with B. helps, on C. help, on D. helps, with
( ) 7. She often _______ big dinner with her
family.
A. have a B. has a C. have D. has
( ) 8. I often go to bed _______ eight
________ Sunday evening.
A. at, at B. at, on C. at, in D. in, on
( ) 9. _______ late for class.
A. Be B. Don’t C. Don’t be D. Not be
( ) 10. It is _________ turn _______ the
room.
A. his, to clean B. he, clean C. his, clean D. he, cleaning
( ) 11. The first day of the week is
________.
A. Tuesday B. Sunday C. Saturday D. Friday
( ) 12. Thank you for _______ the class ( )22.A. happy B. busy C. cheap
trip .We’d like ______ to Beijing zoo. D. cold A. organizing, going B. organizing, to ( )23.A. her B. his C. our go D. their C. organize, to go D. organize, going ( )24.A. There is B. Are there C. There
( ) 13. There ______ a pair of sunglasses in are D. Is there
the locker. ( )25.A. some B. one C. two A. is B. are C. be D. am D. no
( ) 14. ------ Can I borrow _______ money? ( )26.A. your B. my C. our
------ Sorry, you can’t. I don’t have . D. us A. any, some B. some, any C. any, ( )27. A. you B. me C. them any D. some, some D. it
( ) 15. We like ________ ghosts at ( )28.A. They B. it C. This
Halloween. D. There A. dress up B. dress up as C. ( )29. A. is B. are C. isn’t dressing up D. dressing up as D. aren’t
( ) 16. Do you know the answer ________ ( )30. A. go to B. comes to C. go
this question? D. come A. of B. with C. in D. to 三、阅读理解(10题,10分)
( ) 17. _________ are Tom’s socks, the new A.
ones or the old ones? 假设这是你的老师Mike 的自我介绍,相信A. What B. Whose C. Which D. 没你能读懂,并能完成以下练习。 What about Boys and girls, let’s begin our English class
( ) 18. He always makes friends _________ now. This time I want to talk about my family. her classmates.
Then I want you to say something about your
A. to B. with C. between D. of
families.
( ) 19. She spends about an hour a day There are seven people in my family. They are _________ her ________. my parents ,my two sisters ,my brother, his A. do, homework B. to
wife (妻子) and I. In England, a family like
do ,homeworks
this is a big one. My father has a factory. It
C.doing ,homeworks D.
isn’t very big. It makes all kinds of boats. My
doing ,homework
brother is a doctor. He works in a hospital (医
( ) 20. Tom goes to the Computer club
院). His wife works in a hospital, too. She ______ .He is good _______ computers.
studies hard and well. The other likes singing A. every Thursday, to B. every
very much and can sing very well. So she Thursday, at
wants to be a singer (歌手). I’m now in China C. on every Thursday, in D. on every
teaching English and learning Chinese. My Thursday, at
mother stays at home .Can you guess (猜二、完形填空(10分)
测)what she does at home? Yes, does 搬进新家的Peter,又遇到了新的情况。如
housework. She is a housewife. 你读完下文并选择适当答案完成该文,你就
( ) 31. Where do I come from? 能知道啦。
A. China B. America C. Peter likes playing in a river .But there (21) a
England D. Canada river near his new house .He is not very (22).
( ) 32. where am I now? One day ,he asks (23) mother ,―(24) a river
A. In China B. In America C. In near here ?‖―No, there isn’t (25),‖his mother
England D. In Canada says ,―but (26) new house has a garden .‖―I
( ) 33. Who works in a school in my family? don’t like (27),‖says Peter .
A. One of my sisters B. I C. My
One morning his mother says ,―(28)is a
father D. My brother
beautiful park near here ,Peter ,and there (29)
( ) 34. My brother and his wife work
two pools(水池)in it .We’ll go there this
_________
afternoon .‖Peter is very happy . A. as teachers B. as nurses C. as After lunch, Peter and his mother (30) the park,
doctors D. in a hospital
and he plays in one of the pools .He has a very ( ) 35. In Chinese ―housewife‖ means good time. __________ ( )21.A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t
A. 干家务活的人 B.在家的妻
D. are
子 C. 家庭主妇 D. 保姆
B.
Michael Jordan是Jim最喜欢的运动明星,请跟Jim一起阅读下面这篇短文,读完后判断正(T)误(F),看看谁的记性最好。 Micheal Jordan is the best basketball player in the world. He was born in New York, 1963. There are 5 children in his family. He is the fourth one. When he was a child, he was small but clever. So he played basketball very well. When he was a secondary school student, he was the star of each game and he could score 40 points(分数)in a game. In 1984, he played in the US men’s Olympic Basketball Team .And later(后来)he played for the Chicago Bulls.
( ) 36. Michael Jordan is a football player. ( ) 37. Michael Jordan comes from America. ( ) 38. Michael Jordan could play basketball very well when he was a child.
( ) 39. Michael Jordan was strong when he was a child.
( ) 40. Michael Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls first, then for the US men’s Olympic Basketball Team. 四、词汇(15分)
(A)和你的同学比一比,看谁能将下面词的适当形式写正确。
(1—5根据所给中文写单词)
1. How many days are there in ___________ (五月)?
2. We wear _________ (特别的)costumes with masks at Halloween .
3. He wants to visit the China Space _____________ (博物馆)。
4. Millie isn’t pretty ,but she is ________________(乐意助人)。 We all like her very much. 5. I get a lot of ____________(信息)from the Internet every day .
(1—6用所给词的适当形式填空)
6. Can you finish __________ (write) the paper (试卷)?
7. There are two __________ (hundred) students in my school.
8. Amy is not very tall. She has short hair and loves swimming.
She is ___________ (fun).
9. These lockers aren’t yours .They are _________ (we).
10. June the first is _________ (child) Day. (B) Pat 不知道下面这些词的用法,你能帮他一起根据图画选词填空吗?每空一词。 them , on , volleyball , basketball ,helping
A: Excuse me, Miss Li .Is Ben ________ you in the office?
B: No, he isn’t .He and Liu Tao are _________ the playground, I think.
A: Are they playing __________ there? (打篮球)
B: No, they’re playing ____________ .(打排球)
A: I’ll go and join ___________.. B: All right.
五、改写与改错(20分) (A)Lucy在做变换句子练习时不小心漏了几个词,你能帮她补上吗?(每空一词)(10分)
1. Peter isn’t tall enough to reach the basket. (同义句)
Peter is ______. He _______ reach the basket.
2. Is it time for lunch?( 同义句) Is it time ______ ______ lunch?
3. There are some cups of tea on the desk. (否定句)
There ______ _______ cups of tea on the desk.
4. Many has her breakfast at home every day. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ Mary ________ her breakfast every day?
5. I’d like a glass of milk. (改为一般疑问句 Would ______ like a glass of milk?
(B)Sally整理以下各句时,每句均出现了一处错误,请你帮找出并在横线上改正。(10分)
1. --- Peter, closes the door, please. ----OK. ( )_________ A B C D
2. At home ,Peter enjoys to talk on the phone with his classmates . ( )_________ A B C D
3. Miss Wang is teaching our English now. ( )_________ A B C D
4. Millie is 12. Her eyes are dark brown and her hairs is black. ( )_________ A B C D
5. She doesn’t her homework on Sunday . ( )_________ A B C D 六、Millie 在和她的父母谈论她的学校和同学。请根据汉语提示和句子意思,把她完成句子。(每空一词)(20分)
1、这是你的文具盒,我的是红色的。 This is your pencil-box._______ is red. 2、我们应该相互学习。
We should ________ from ______ ________. 3、我看不见任何东西,快把灯开了。
I can’t ______ _________ .Please _________ ________ the light.
4、别敲门,小孩正在睡觉。
______ ______ _______ the door. The baby is ___________.
5、他每天在花园里锻炼半小时。
He _______ in the _________ for _____ ______ ______ every day.
6、迈克篮球打的不错,他还是学校篮球成员呢。
Mike is _______ _____ playing basketball .He is a ________ of the school basketball team. 七、阅读理解(10分)
Sammi的爷爷告诉他一些其他节日,Sammi 在记录过程中漏了一些单词,请帮助他一起来完成笔记,已给出的首字母可能对你有帮助。(每空一词)
The Mid-Autumn Festival
Family members get t 1 and eat m 2 . The Dragon Boat Festival
There are b 3 races (比赛)in many places of china .The boats are l 4 and have colourful d 5 heads and tails .(尾巴) The Qing Ming Festival
This is a very important f 6 for more traditional C 7 people .People visit the graves (墓)of their dead relatives (亲属)and put food and f 8 on the graves . The chong Yang Festival
It’s a d 9 for the elderly (老人). Some people visit homes for the elderly .It’s also t 10 for mountain climbing .(登山)。
1.________ 2. ________ 3.________ 4.________ 5. .________
6.________ 7. ________ 8.________ 9.________ 10. .________ 八、书面表达(15分)
请你以时间顺序简要介绍你一天的生活(包括起床、吃早餐、上学、中餐、放学、游戏、回家、晚饭、作业及睡觉等)。 要求:1、字数:60左右
2、能基本表述上面的内容。
3、书写规范,语言生动,准确无误。 4、用第一人称表达。(不得出现本人或学校的真实名字)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ keys
一 单项选择
1---5 BAAAB,6---10 DBBCA,11---15 BBABD, 16---20 DCBDB 二 完形填空
21---25 AABDB 26---30 CDDBA 三 阅读理解
31---35 CABDC 36---40 FTTFF 四 词汇
(A)1. May 2.special 3.Museum 4.helpful 5. information 6. writing
7. hundred 8.funny 9.ours 10.Children’s (B) helping, on, volleyball, basketball, them 五 改写与改错 (A)1.short, can’t/cannot 2.to, have 3.aren’t, any 4.Where,does,have 5.you
( B ) 1. A ,close 2.C,talking 3.C,us 4.D,hair 5. doesn’t do 六 完成句子
1. Mike 2.learn each other 3. see anything turn on 4.Don’t knock on/at sleeping 5. exercises garden half an hour 6. clever/good at member
七 阅读理解
1.together 2.mooncakes 3.boat 4.long 5.dragon 6. festival 7.Chinese 8.flowers 9. day 10. time
八 书面表达
My name is LiMing. I am a secondary school student. I got up at 6:00 in the morning. After breakfast, I go to school at about 7:00. Classes begin at 8:00. We have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. I often have lunch at school. At 4 p.m.,I usually go to the playground to play football with my classmates. I like football very much. I go home at five .After dinner, I spent two hours on my homework, I often go to bed at half past nine.
初一(上)英语复习资料
一、日常交际用语
1、问候Greetings
(1)Good morning/afternoon/evening! 早上/下午/晚上好!
(2)Hello!/Hi! 喂!
(3)How are you? 你好吗?
Fine, thank you, and you? 我很好,你呢?
I'm fine, too. 我也很好。
(4)Nice to meet you! 见到你很高兴!
Nice to meet you, too. 见到你我也很高兴。
(5)Welcome to … 欢迎来到……
e.g. Welcome to China! 欢迎你到中国来!
(6)Glad to meet you! 见到你很高兴!
2、介绍 Introduction
(1)姓名:
(2)年龄:
(3)学校、班级、年级、排、座位号
① I'm+in+学校/班级/年级/排
② I'm Number+数目
e.g. I'm in Huanggang Middle School. 我在黄冈中学读书。
I'm in Class 5, Grade 1.
我在一年级五班。(注意多种单位连用时,小单位在前,大单位在后)
I'm in Row 6. 我在第6排。
I'm Number 7. 我在第7号。
[注] class, grade, row, number等词后面如果带有具体的数目词时,它们的首字母必须大写,而且后面的数词用英语拼写时,首字母也应大写。如:
Class 5, Grade 1或Class Five, Grade One
3、道歉和应答 Apologies and responses
(1)Excuse me. 对不起/劳驾。
Excuse me常用于向别人询问、请求(如借物,问路等)或打扰别人,或因给别人带来不便而表示歉意。
(2)I'm sorry. 对不起。 sorry常用于做错了事向别人道歉。
它们的答语有: ① That's all right. ②That's OK. ③Never mind.
④ Not at all. ⑤It doesn't matter. ⑥That's nothing.
4、致谢和应答Thanks and responses
(1)Thanks.
(2)Thank you.
(3)Thanks a lot.
(4)Thank you very much.
答语有: ① You're welcome. ②That's all right. ③That's OK.
④ Not at all. ⑤It's a pleasure (my pleasure)
5、告别Farewells
(1)Goodbye 再见!
(2)Bye-bye! 再见!
(3)Bye! 再见!
(4)See you soon! 呆会儿见 !
(5)See you later! 再见!
uncle aunt
(6)See you next term! 下个学期见!
sister brother
(7)Good night! 晚安!
wife husband
6、打电话Making telephone calls
daughter son
(1)This is… 我是…… granddaughter grandson (2)Is that…? 你是……? 10、颜色Asking colours and responses (3)Who's that?你是谁? (1)表示颜色的词有: 7、值日生报告Duty report red(红的) yellow(黄的)
blue(蓝的)
(1)Who's on duty today? 今天谁值日?
purple(紫色的) pink(粉红色的)
(2)
green(绿色的)
(3)Who's not here? 谁没到?
grey(灰色的) black(黑色的)
white(白色的)
8、询问Asking names, ages...
orange(桔黄色的) brown(褐色的)
(1)姓名:What's your name?
(2)询问颜色的表达法:
(2)班级:What class are you in?
11、时间Asking the time and responses
(3)排号:What row are you in?
(1)询问时间的表达法:What time is
(4)座位号:What's your number?
it?/What's the time?
(5)年龄:How old are you?
(2)时间的表达法:
(6)确认物:
①整点: It's +基数词(one, two, …)
+o'clock.
(7)确认人:Who's this/that?
e.g. It's twelve o'clock. 现在12点
(8)地点:Where+is/are+…?
整。
(9)号码系列:What's your
②几点过几分: It's +分+past+小
时 (10)地址:What's your address?
(基数词) (基数词)
9、家谱Family tree
e.g. It's twenty past five. 现在5:20。
家庭成员的名称:
③几点差几分: It's+分+to+小时
(基数词)(基数mother father parents
词)
grandmother grandfather e.g. It's twenty to six. 现在5:40。/现在grandma grandpa 6 20。 点差grandparents
注意:
A、介词to, past前的分钟通常在30之内,但几点半,通常用介词past.
e.g. It's half past six. 现在6:30。
B、时间的表达有一种简单的方法:即直接用小时+分钟
(基数词) (基数词)
e.g. It's eight twenty –five 现在8:25。
(3)有关时间的两个句型:
e.g. It's time for school. = It's time to go to school. 到了上学的时候。
二、重要语法
1、名词的数和格
(1)名词的单复数:
名词分可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有复数形式。可数名词复数的构成有如下规则:
①一般加-s,如:desk→desks
② s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es,如:bus→buses, watch→watches
③以 f, fe结尾,改f, fe为v,再加-es,如:leaf→leaves
④以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,改y为i,再加-es,如city→cities
⑤以―辅音字母+o‖结尾,加-es,如:tomato →tomatoes
⑥一般复合名词,只将主体名词变复数,如: boy student→boy students
⑦以 man, woman开头和结尾的复合名词,规则不同:
Frenchman→Frenchmen, woman teacher→women teachers
⑧不规则变化: foot→feet,
11
child→children
单、复数同形的情况:sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese(中国人)
只有复数形式的情况: people, clothes, trousers
(2)名词所有格
英语中有些名词加―'s‖表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有如下规则:
①有生命的名词一般加―'s‖构成,以s结尾的复数名词加―'‖。
Tom's bike the students' bag
②无生命的名词一般用―所有物+of+所有者‖。
a map of Japan 一幅日本地图
a door of the classroom 教室的门
the name of the school 学校的名字
the son of my friend 我朋友的儿子
但请注意下列说法的不同含义:
③表时间、距离、国家、城镇、机构、团体、价格等的名词,可用以上两种方式构成所有格。
④并列的名词表各自所有,须在各词词尾分别加―'s‖;表共同所有,须在后一个名词词尾加―'s‖。
Tom and Jack's car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人合用)
Tom's and Jack's cars 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人各有一辆)
2、代词
代词分3种:指示代词,物主代词,人称代词
(1)指示代词:this(这个),that(那个),these(那些), those(那些)
注意:
①当指示代词放在问句中时,它的答语用代词 it和they来代替它们。
e.g. What's this? It's an apple. 这是什么?这是苹果。
Is that a pear? No, it isn't. 那是梨子吗?不是。
What are these? They're fruits. 这些是什么?水果。
Are those your books? Yes, they are. 那些是你的书吗?是的。
② this不能与is缩写。
(2)人称代词:分主格和宾格
注意:
人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语。因此判断何时用主格,何时用宾格,只需判断它在句中是作主语还是作宾语。
(3)物主代词:分形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词
注意:
①形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,在句中作定语用,后面一定要接名词。
e.g. This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
②名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,在句中作主语、表语,能单独使用。
e.g. Yours is new. This old bag is mine.
你的书包是新的,这个旧书包是我的。
③名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之
12
间的关系:
名词性物主代词 =相应的形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
This is my bike. That is yours. (yours= your bike)
3、介词及介词短语
(1)本册书已出现的介词有: at在…… at home在家 behind在……后面 behind the door 在门后面 beside在……旁边 beside the desk 在桌子旁边
from从……到…… from Wuhan to Beijing 从武汉到北京
in 在……里面;用…… in the desk 在桌子里
in English用英语
like像;跟……一样 like this像这个 near 在……附近 near the lake 在湖的附近
of ……的 a map of China 一幅中国地图 on在……上面 on the chair 在椅子上
to(表示方向)到,走 go to school 上学 under在……下面 under the tree 在树下面
between… and …在……之间 between Lucy and Lily 在露西和莉莉之间
(2)介词短语
①介词短语在句中可以作表语和定语(限于初一课本)。
e.g. The basketball is under the chair. 椅子下面有一个篮球。(作表语)
The girl in a red hat is his sister. (作定语)
那个戴红色帽子的女孩是他的妹妹。
注意:介词短语作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面。
②介词短语作表语时疑问句中疑问词应用 where(在哪里)而它作定语时应用which。
e.g. 对上面两句分别就划线部分提问:
Where is the basketball? 篮球在哪里?
Which girl is his sister? 那个女孩是他妹妹?
三、句型
1、祈使句
(1)它用来表示请求、命令等。Come in, please. 请进。
(2)肯定句结构是:动词原形+其它
e.g. Stand up, please 请站起来。
否定句结构是: Don't +动词原形+其它
e.g. Don't stand up. 不要站起来。
2、there be 句型
(1)there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人。
(2)各种句型结构:
肯定句: There+be (is/are) +某物/某人+地点/时间。
13
否定句: There+be(is/are)+not+某物/某人+地点/时间。
一般疑问句: Be(Is/Are)+there+某物/某人+地点/时间?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be(is/are)+there+其它?
e.g. There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。
否定句: There isn't a pencil on the desk. 桌子上没有铅笔。
一般疑问句: Is there a pencil on the desk? 桌子上有铅笔吗?
特殊疑问句(划线部分提问): What's on the desk? 桌子上有什么?
注意:
There be后面所接的某物有多个时,谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定,即就近原则。
e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk.
我的桌子上有一支钢笔,一个铅笔盒和一些书。
There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.