动词不规则变化
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词 drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten give/gave/given fall/fell/fallen (5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke) (6)其它 be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去
(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得 (3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke) 或wake/waked/waked 醒来 (4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下 sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉 (5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖 (6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来 (7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt 或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解
know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
(3) get/got/got变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为 take/took/taken花费 (5) say/said/said说、讲 speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法三:
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won, (strive→strove arise→arose) i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground) a→oo: take→took, shake→shook e→o: get→got, forget→forgot o→a: come→came, become→became oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose 3.元音字母组合的变化。 aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew 4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。 (1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold (2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid (3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept (4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought (5) catch→caught, teach→taught (6) can→could, will→would, shall→should 5.辅音字母变化。 (1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent (2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard (3)mean→meant, learn→learnt