老托福阅读真题PASSAGE83
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老托福阅读真题PASSAGE83
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既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果,那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢?事实上这就一个办法,就是坚持。本期为大家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE83,附有原文及答案,希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。
Theeconomicdepressioninthelate-nineteenth-centuryUnitedStatescontributedsignificantlytoagrowingmovementinliteraturetowardrealismandnaturalism.Afterthe1870's,anumberofimportantauthorsbegantorejecttheromanticismthathadprevailedimmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWarof1861-1865andturnedinsteadtorealism.Determinedtoportraylifeasitwas,withfidelitytoreallifeandaccuraterepresentationwithoutidealization,theystudiedlocaldialects,wrotestorieswhichfocusedonlifeinspecificregionsofthecountry,andemphasizedthetruerelationshipsbetweenpeople.Indoingso,theyreflectedbroadertrendsinthesociety,suchasindustrialization,evolutionarytheorywhichemphasizedtheeffectoftheenvironmentonhumans,andtheinfluenceofscience.
RealistssuchasJoelChandlerHarrisandEllenGlasgowdepictedlifeintheSouth,HamlinGarlanddescribedlifeontheGreatPlains,andSarahOrneJewettwroteabouteverydaylifeinruralNewEngland.Anotherrealist,BretHarte,achievedfamewithstoriesthatportrayedlocallifeintheCaliforniaminingcamps.
SamuelClemens,whoadoptedthepennameMarkTwain,becamethecountry'smost
outstandingrealistauthor,observinglifearoundhimwithahumorousandskepticaleye.Inhisstoriesandnovels,Twaindrewonhisownexperiencesanduseddialectandcommonspeechinsteadofliterarylanguage,touchingoffamajorchangeinAmericanprosestyle.
Otherwritersbecameimpatientevenwithrealism.Pushingevolutionarytheorytoitslimits,theywroteofaworldinwhichacruelandmercilessenvironmentdeterminedhuman
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fate.Thesewriters,callednaturalists,oftenfocusedoneconomichardship,studyingpeoplestrugglingwithpoverty,andotheraspectsofurbanandindustriallife.Naturalistsbroughttotheirwritingapassionfordirectandhonestexperience.
TheodoreDreiser,theforemostnaturalistwriter,innovelssuchasSisterCarrie,grimlyportrayedadarkworldinwhichhumanbeingsweretossedaboutbyforcesbeyondtheirunderstandingorcontrol.Dreiserthoughtthatwritersshouldtellthetruthabouthumanaffairs,notfabricateromance,andSisterCarrie,hesaid,wasnotintendedasapieceofliterarycraftsmanship,butwasapictureofconditions.
1.Whichaspectoflate-nineteenth-centuryUnitedStatesliteraturedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)Theinfluenceofscienceonliterature
(B)Theimportanceofdialectsforrealistwriters
(C)Theemergenceofrealismandnaturalism
(D)Theeffectsofindustrializationonromanticism
2.Thewordprevailedinline4isclosestinmeaningto
(A)dominated
(B)transformed
(C)entered
(D)generalized
3.Thewordtheyinline8refersto
(A)authors
(B)dialects
(C)stories
(D)relationships
4.Accordingtothepassage,ahighlysignificantfactorinthedevelopmentofrealistandnaturalistliteraturewas
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(A)theCivilWar
(B)arecognitionthatromanticismwasunpopular
(C)anincreasedinterestinthestudyofcommonspeech
(D)aneconomicdepression
5.RealistwriterstookaninterestinallofthefollowingEXCEPT
(A)humanrelationships
(B)characteristicsofdifferentregions
(C)theidealizationoflife
(D)socialandhistoricaltheories
6.Theworddepictedinline11isclosestinmeaningto
(A)emphasized
(B)described
(C)criticized
(D)classified
7.Whydoestheauthormentionminingcampsinline14?
(A)Tocontrastthethemesofrealistandnaturalistwriters
(B)ToillustratehowBretHartedifferedfromotherauthors
(C)Asanexampleofatopictakenupbyrealistwriters
(D)Asanexampleofhowsettingcaninfluenceliterarystyle
8.WhichofthefollowingwroteaboutlifeinruralNewEngland?
(A)EllenGlasgow
(B)SarahOrneJewett
(C)HamlinGarland
(D)MarkTwain
9.MarkTwainisconsideredanimportantliteraryfigurebecausehe
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(A)wasthefirstrealistwriterintheUnitedStates
(B)rejectedromanticismasaliteraryapproach
(C)wrotehumorousstoriesandnovels
(D)influencedAmericanprosestylethroughhisuseofcommonspeech
10.Thewordforemostinline25isclosestinmeaningto
(A)mostdifficult
(B)interesting
(C)mostfocused
(D)leading
11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTheodoreDreiserissupportedbythepassage?
(A)HemainlywroteabouthistoricalsubjectssuchastheCivilWar.
(B)Hisnovelsoftencontainedelementsofhumor.
(C)Heviewedhimselfmoreasasocialcommentatorthanasaliteraryartist.
(D)Hebelievedwritersshouldemphasizethepositiveaspectsoflife.
参考答案:CAADCBCBDDC
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