初中中考常见的及物动词和不及物动词区分

及物动词和不及物动词

一 定义：

A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。 {Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.

False: He is sending now. {Right: He is sending a letter now. False: They always want after lunch.

B 有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。

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{Right: He is looking around. False: He is looking me. Right: He is looking at me. Right: He is listening carefully. False: He is listening the teacher carefully. Right: He is listening to the teacher carefully. C 有些动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变。 The customer is asking loudly. The customer is asking for you now. The customer is asking a question now.

If you work hard, you will succeed.

If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam (same meaning).

If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company (different

meaning).

二 动词使用的建议：

当使用动词时，一定要分清楚这个动词属于哪一类 [动词分类]，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同动词。

及物不及物 词义大不同

在美国，一些厕所里经常写着这样的标示语:

We Aim to Please,

You Aim It Too Please.

你知道它的意思吗?这里的关键词是aim，这两个aim的词义和用法不一样，第一个aim是不及物动词，意思为"旨在,目的是"，第二个aim是及物动词，意思是"使...瞄准"．另外，这两个please的含义也不一样，第一个是不及物动词，意为"使人高兴"，第二个是副词，意思是"请"，it在这里是"大小便"．这两句抽韵话的意思是:我们想让你高兴，也请你便时瞄准．这种诙谐的标语，目的是告诉人们要自觉保持厕所干净，不要便在池外．

英语里有很多动词，既可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词；但及物与不及物,词义不一样.不及物时,一般要加介词,才能跟宾语.所以一定要弄清楚，动词在什么情况下当及物动词，在什么情况下当不及物动词．看下面两个句子有什么区别．

A: He is preparing the exam. 他在准备考试．(实际意思是，他在准备出考题，他是个老师．)

B: He is preparing for the exam. 他在准备考试．(实际意思是，他在复习，为参加考试做准备，他是个学生．)

A句中的prepare是个及物动词,可跟宾语,词义是"筹备",如:

prepare his lessons 准备功课，预习功课

prepare a bed for a guest 为客人准备床

prepare a report 起草一份报告

prepare a medicine 配药

B句中的prepare是个不及物动词，不能跟宾语，词义是＂做准备＂．要跟宾语，必须跟介词for，如：prepare for the worst做最坏的打算．

The teacher is preparing the exam while the students are preparing for the exam.

老师在准备考题，学生在准备考试．

请仔细体会下面的句子，特别要关注一下动词及物与不及物进意思的区别：

1. I don't know the writer, but i know of him.

2. Please hand the paper to me, so that I could hand it in.

3. You can offend me but you cannot offend against the law.

4. If you call on me at 6 pm, please call me at 12 am.

5. I believe what he said but I don't believe in him.

我不认识这位作家，但是我听说过．

请把那篇论文递给你，我要上交．

你可以冒犯我，但不能违背法律．

如果你下午六点来找我，你上午十二点给我打电话．

我相信他说的话，但我不相信他．

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

常见的及物：afford,allow,blame,bring,contain,deny,enjoy,examine,excuse,fetch,fix,get,greet,have,hit,inform,let,like,love,make,mean,need,omit,owe,prefer,prove,put,remind,select,wrap.

不及物的：faint,hesitate,lie,occur,pause,rain,remain,sleep,sneeze.

常见的及物，不及物的：

answer,ask,begin,borrow,choose,climb,dance,eat,enter,fail,fill,grow,help,hurry,jump,know,leave,marry,meet,obey,pull,read,see,sell,touch,wash,watch,win,write

动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：

a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：

He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

Please hand me the book over there.

They asked me to go fishing with them.

类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....

b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于："主＋谓"结构。

This is the room where I once lived.

类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....

c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。

He lifted his glass and drank.

类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅

ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言）

hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作

需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语，如：I dreamed a dream last night.