南山垃圾电厂燃烧系统技术特点介绍

技术经济综述

南山垃圾电厂

燃烧系统技术特点介绍

程晓民1, 王智微2, 张朝阳3

(1. 深圳市能源环保有限公司, 广东深圳　518052; 2. 西安　710032;

3. 中国国电集团公司, [摘　要]　。该电厂采用比利时西格斯公司

, 在受热面布置上着重考虑了飞灰的高温腐蚀问题, 烟气+袋式除尘方式。自2004年2月20日投入商业运行后, 运行状态良好, 。

[关键词]　垃圾电厂; 搅动型炉排炉; 余热锅炉; 烟气净化

[中图分类号]TM619; T K229. 92+9　　[文献标识码]A　　[文章编号]1002

3364(2005) 06

0010

02

　　垃圾焚烧是实现垃圾减量化、无害化和资源化处理的重要途径。深圳市能源环保有限公司南山垃圾电厂采用比利时西格斯公司的垃圾焚烧技术, 设计日处理垃圾800t , 配2×400t/d 焚烧炉, 发电装机容量12MW , 烟气排放按欧盟标准执行。

表2　南山垃圾电厂垃圾设计值

项目

C ar

/%

H ar /%

O ar /%

N ar /%

S ar /%0. 160. 160. 13

Cl ar /%

A ar

W ar

Q net ,ar

/%/%/kJ ・kg -1

[1**********]0

设计值18. 002. 5312. 290. 67上限　

22. 752. 8515. 100. 79下限　13542. 05

9. 50

0. 51

0. 3518. 0048. 000. 3514. 0044. 000. 2722. 0052. 00

1　垃圾及其焚烧设备

1. 1　城市生活垃圾的组成

1. 2　炉排燃烧

垃圾来源主要为城市生活垃圾, 不同城市的垃圾

由不同的组分构成, 同一个城市由于发展阶段不同其垃圾组分也存在很大区别。我国城市垃圾具有水分高、热值低、垃圾组分不稳定的特点。城市生活垃圾组分的热值和元素分析见表1, 南山垃圾电厂焚烧的垃圾设计值见表2。

表1　城市生活垃圾组分的热值和元素分析

组分食品垃圾废纸破布及纺织物破皮革园林废物废木料

热值/kJ ・kg -1

[***********]0651018610

C/%48. 043. 555. 060. 047. 849. 5

H/%O/%6. 46. 06. 68. 06. 06. 0

37. 644. 031. 211. 638. 042. 7

N/%2. 60. 34. 610. 03. 40. 2

S/%0. 40. 20. 150. 140. 30. 1

针对深圳市垃圾的特点, 南山垃圾电厂焚烧炉采

用了比利时西格斯公司的多级带搅动型炉排炉, 其燃烧系统主要结构见图1。主要由给料装置、给料炉排、燃烧炉排和排渣斗组成。

给料装置由给料斗、柔性膨胀节、水冷溜槽组成, 其在保证连续给料的同时, 还可保证烟气不反窜。柔性膨胀节将给料斗与水冷溜槽连接起来, 可有效吸收水冷溜槽的热膨胀。水冷溜槽与给料炉排相连接, 可起到冷却烟气的作用。

给料炉排位于给料装置与燃烧炉排之间。通过给料炉排的不断往复运动可将水冷溜槽下来的垃圾推挤到燃烧炉排, 同时又能保证给料炉排的密封和防磨。

燃烧炉排是该燃烧技术的核心, 比利时西格斯公司的倾斜式多级炉排由4个标准单元和1个较长的末端燃尽单元组成。每个标准单元由2个搅动炉排片、2

程晓民(1971) ,1993年清华大学热能系毕业, 现在深圳市能源环保有限公司南山项目部从事垃圾电站的技术研究、安装、调试等相作者简介:　

关工作。

　10　

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图2　余热锅炉受热面布置

图1

　燃烧系统主要结构

用顺流布置, 并在其前布置垂直辐射烟道和蒸发管屏

以降低烟气温度。

个平移炉排片和2个固定炉排片组成, 末端燃尽单元由1个搅动炉排片、4个平移炉排片和3个固定炉排片组成。搅动炉排片不像平移炉排片仅做水平往复运动, 而是使炉排片产生一定角度的翻转运动, 从而起到垃圾的松动拔火作用。给料炉排和燃烧炉排的运动采用液压驱动方式。

排渣斗置于给料炉排和燃烧炉排下部, 收集炉排漏灰和垃圾排渣。1. 3　供风系统

3　烟气净化装置

垃圾燃烧后的烟气中含有大量有害的酸性气体、颗粒物、重金属、呋喃等污染物, 针对烟气中不同污染

物的性质, 南山垃圾电厂烟气净化系统采用了半干法+活性炭喷射+袋式除尘方式。烟气净化系统见图3。200℃的烟气先进入半干式反应塔内除去酸性气体, 同时除去部分飞灰颗粒。呋喃和重金属主要通过活性炭的吸附去除, 并与飞灰一起通过袋式除尘器排

除。

燃烧系统采用一、二、三次风分级供风。一次风由不同风室通过炉排送风, 各风室风量可单独调节, 在送风的同时还具有冷却炉排的作用。二次风由燃烧炉排上的前后墙送入, 以保证未燃气体的充分燃尽。三次风由单独的鼓风机通过燃烧炉排上左右墙耐火砖间的冷却风道送入, 可提高耐火砖的使用寿命, 降低散热损失。

图3　烟气净化系统

2　余热锅炉

南山垃圾电厂的余热锅炉由比利时西格斯公司设计提供, 由3个垂直辐射烟道和1个水平对流烟道组成。垂直辐射烟道采用全膜式水冷壁结构, 水平对流烟道内布置有三级过热器、蒸发管束和省煤器。受热面布置见图2。

余热锅炉受热面的布置上着重考虑了飞灰的高温腐蚀问题。为防止高温过热器的腐蚀,

高温过热器采

4　结　语

南山垃圾电厂已于2004年2月20日投入商业运行, 运行状况良好, 各项技术指标均达到设计要求。通

过对比利时西格斯公司技术的消化吸收, 可为该技术的国产化提供有意借鉴

。

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　11

THERMAL POWER GENERATION

V ol. 34　No. 6　June 2005Contents &Abstracts

EXPLORATION FOR WAYS T O RESOL VE PR OB LEMS, NAME LY DEVIATION OF AIR FUE L MIXTURE AT FOUR CORNERS, DEVIATION OF F L UE G AS TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN F L UE DUCT, AN D LOCALIZE D TUBE WALL OVERTEMPE RATURE ON HIGH TEMPERATURE CONVECTIVE HEATING SURFACE WANG Chun chang (1)

Abstract :Deviation of flue gas temperature distribution in t he flue duct of tangential , tube wall overtemperature of high temperature convective heating surface resulted from t his deviation , and economic operation of t he boiler. The causes leading to deviation of flue gas temperature distribution in t , whirling ”of t he main flue gas flow , t he deviation of air fuel mixture at four corners is also a very Hence , at t he time to resolve t he problem of lo 2calized tube wall overtemperature on high , technical measures shouldn πt be limited to such ways as enhan 2cing t he quality level of tube material , several burners , and crossing over of steam conduit tube on t he steam side , t he said over temperature be or resolved t hrough adjusting primary air fuel mixture , tertiary air fuel mixture , and t he secondary air flow t of air fuel mixture at four corners for t he boiler wit h tangential firing.

K ey w ords :boiler ; localized overtemperature ; high temperature convective heating surface ; deviation of air fuel mixture at four corners ; deviation of gas temperature distribution in flue duct

PR OPERT Y ANALYSIS OF COAL QUALIT Y FOR SHENHUA COA L BURNE D IN UTI L IT Y B OLLERS ……………………………

………………………………………………………………………………ZHAO Yan jun , ZH OU H ai feng , L I Zhi shan (5)

Abstract :Combining wit h coal quality property and practical state of combustion for Shenhua coal , t he advantages of Shenhua coal in aspect s of enhan 2

cing economic operation indices in power plant s , and of reducing pollutant emission etc. , have been expounded , at t he same time , properties of low ash fusing point and easily slagging being also pointed out. The measures for preventing boiler slagging , such as adopting lower heat load in t he furnace , enhancing speed of primary air flow and fineness of pulverized coal , improving operation mode of t he coal pulverizer , and sootblowing in t he furnace etc. , have been put forward.

K ey w ords :Shenhua coal ; pollutant emission ; coal consumption ; slagging ; combustion

DESIGN FEATURES OF B OI LER STARTING UP SYSTEM FOR 2×600MW SUPERCRITICAL UNITS IN WANGQU POWER P LANT, SHANXI POVINCE ………………………………………………………………………NIE Zhi gang , FAN Q u an gui (8)

Abstract :The design features of boiler starting up system for newly constructed 2×600MW supercritical unit s in Wangqu Power Plant , Shanxi Prov 2ince , have been presented for t he purpose of furt her understanding and grasping some experiences obtained in foreign countries from aspect of boiler starting up system (wit h recirculating pump ) for supercritical unit s , providing some advantageous references for localization of supercritical technolo 2gy in t he future of our country.

K ey w ords :Supercritical unit ; boiler ; starting

up system ; steam

water separator ; watertank of t he separator ; recirculating pump

PRESENTATION OF TECHNICA L FEATURES FOR COMBUSTION SYSTEM IN NANSHAN MSW POWER P LANT ………………

……………………………………………………………………CHENG Xiao min , WANG Zhi w ei , ZHANG Ch ao yang (10)

Abstract :The technical features of 2×400t/d incinerators πcombustion system in Nanshan MSW Power Plant have been presented , unique MSW incin 2eration technology of Sigce Company , Belgium , wit h tilting multi stage belt stirring type grate stoker being adopted in said power plant , t he high temperature corrosion resulted from fly ash being emphatically considered in aspect of heating surface arrangement , and t he flue gas emission mode be 2ing semi dry met hod +activated carbon spray +bag type dust collector. After putting into commercial operation from 20t h Feb. 2004, situation of operation is good , various technical indices all reaching t he requirement s of design.

K ey w ords :MSW power plant ; multi stage belt stirring type grate stoker ; heat recovery boiler ; flue gas purification

FUNCTIONAL MODU LAR DESIGN OF RCM QUANTITATIVE ANA LYSIS MODE L FOR AUXI L IAR Y MACHINES IN POWER P LANT ……………………………………………………………………………CAO Zhong zhong , GU Yu jung , YANG K un (12)

Abstract :In order to provide technical basis for working out project s of “accompany repair ”in major or temporary repairs of t hermal power generating unit s , reliability centred maintenance (RCM ) quantitative analysis met hod for auxiliary machines in a power plant has been studied , t he structural de 2sign of modules for RCM quantitative analysis being carried out , t he mutual relationship among various part s of t he model for RCM quantitative analy 2sis of auxiliary machines in a power plant being analysed , t he design met hod of functional modules for said model being summarized , and practical ex 2ample of model establishment analysis for said model concerning t hree kinds of repairing unit s for auxiliary machines in a power plant being given. K ey w ords :t hermal power plant ; auxiliary machine in a power plant ; RCM quantitative analysis

INF L UENCE OF RE LATIVE POSITION BETWEEN THE AIR COOLER AN D

THE MAIN BUI LDING IN THERMA L POWER PLANT UPON VENTI LATION AN D TEMPERATURE RE DUCTION IN THE MAIN BUI LDING ……………………GUAN Yan ling (15)

Abstract :Applying cold flow development (CFD ) technology , numerical analysis has been made for t he flow field in different space between air cooler and main building in t hermal power plant , pointing out disadvantageous influence may be brought by operation of t he air cooler to natural ventilation in t he main building , and t he said influence will decrease along wit h increasing horizontal distance between t he air cooler and t he main building , and de 2crease to a very small one when t he said distance to reach 70m.

K ey w ords :t hermal power plant ; air cooler ; nat urol ventilation ; t hermal compression ; numerical analysis