怎样写英语说明文
第9章怎样写说明文(3)第三节 怎样写说明文一、说明文写作指导1. 说明文概述说明文是用说明的表达方式来解说事物,阐明事理,给人以知识的文章。说明文最大的特点在于它的说明性。说明文分为两种类型:实体事物说明文,包括说明书、广告、解说词等;事理说明文,包括理论性概念解释、书文简介、教材等文艺性说明文,即要把说明的对象拟人化,进而编成一个故事介绍给读者。2. 说明文写作方法说明文的段落往往以一个主题句开头,提出文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容,然后对文章的主题进行展开说明。在英语说明文的写作中,展开文章主题的常见方法有以下几种。(1) 罗列法在文章一开始提出需要说明的东西和观点之后,用first, second, third,...and finally这些表示顺序的词对需说明的事物或作者的观点加以罗列说明和阐述。(2) 举例法举例法是用具体的例子说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子必须具有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。通常在主题句后用for example, for instance等引出具体例子。(3) 定义法定义法是英语说明文常用的一种写作手法,这种手法主要用于对具体事物的概念进行说明或对某一物体的功能下定义。它既能揭示人或事物的本质特征,同时也能确定说明的范围和界限。(4) 过程分析法过程分析就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。(5) 比较法有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或某一事物的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点或不同点。3. 说明文的语言特点(1) 英语说明文时态多用一般现在时说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍和解释,这种介绍和解释一般不随时间和空间的变化而改变。比如:介绍植树的方法和步骤,介绍阅读的方法,解释环境污染对人类生活的影响等,这些语言叙述不受时间和空间的影响。(2) 采用客观表述,避免主观色彩说明文通常是对客观事物的说明与介绍,因此应尽可能给人以客观可信的感觉。在英语说明文中,一般多使用客观性词语表述,如maybe, seem, there be等词或短语。有时为强调客观性,说明文也常使用被动语态。(3) 层次分明,条理清楚说明文应该层次分明,条理清楚,语言简洁,用词具体,具有严密的逻辑性。二、说明文佳作欣赏【范例】安徽黄山被联合国教科文组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设外国人到你校参观后,准备去旅游。请根据以下要点向外国友人简单介绍黄山(the Yellow Mountain)。(1)位于安徽南部,是中国著名的旅游胜地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。(2)乘汽车去大约要花3个小时;也可以乘火车或飞机去。 (3)登山便可领略其云海、奇松、怪石等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。要求:(1)字数:80词左右。(2)请不要逐字翻译。参考范文The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China. It lies in the south of Anhui. Every year numbers of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there. It's not far from here. It takes you about three hours to get there by bus. You can also go there by train or by plane. While you are climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks around you. In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful. It's really a nice place to visit.简评文章一开始,作者先写了黄山是著名游览胜地,然后点出了其位置;接着写了去黄山的路线,用多少时间;最后写了黄山的景观。整篇文章井井有条,详尽而不杂乱。三、学生习作1. 根据下面汉语提示,以“My schoolbag”为题,用英语写一篇50~60词的短文。要求内容完整,语言规范。(1)书包的形状、颜色、制作材料;(2)书包的功能和用途;(3)你对书包的感情;(4)下列单词供选用:rectangular长方形的;cloth布;leather皮革。2. 秋天是一个美丽的季节,请根据你对秋天的认识写一篇英语短文。要求:(1)形式多样,不拘一格;(2)语句通顺、优美、简洁;(3)字数60词左右。3. 请你根据以下中文提示,写一篇文章介绍港口城市青岛。(1)位于山东省东部,以蓝色的大海、美丽的海滨而闻名,是避暑胜地。(2)每年夏天来自全国各地成千上万的人们到这里沿海散步、游泳、购物、观赏秀丽景色。(3)近几年城市发生了巨大变化,对发展我国对外贸易起重要作用,成为国际化港口城市。(4)青岛将提供2008年北京奥运会比赛的一个赛场。提示词:take place 发生;trade 贸易;international 国际的;port 港口。4. 在英语角晚会上你准备用英语简单介绍中国,要求包括以下内容:(1)中国是世界上最大的国家之一,有悠久历史;(2)有13亿人口,中国人民勤劳友好;(3)中国有许多大江,高山;(4)长城举世闻名(famous);(5)中国是发展中国家,在党的领导(leadership)下,我们正在使国家更富强。词数:60-80参考答案1.My SchoolbagI have a schoolbag. It's rectangular. It's red and looks very beautiful. It's made of cloth. It is very big and I can put many things in it, such as textbooks, exercise books, pencil-box, dictionaries and other school things. Every day when I go to school with it on my back, I feel very happy. It's my good friend. I love it very much.2.I think that autumn is the best season of the year. The weather is cool and the sky is usually blue.Autumn is the season of harvest. In this season many fruits ripen and the crops fields look like a golden sea.In autumn, leaves turn yellow and fall off the trees. That is why Americans call this season “fall”.3..The city of Qingdao is in the east of Shandong Province. It is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Thousands of people from all parts of the country visit Qingdao every summer. They walk along the beach, go swimming in the sea or do some shopping in the city. Great changes have taken place in Qingdao these years. It is important to the foreign trade of our country. It has become an international port city. It is a sport ground for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.4.China is one of the greatest countries in the world. It's a country with a long history. The population of China is 1.3 billion. The hard-working people in China are very friendly.There are many high mountains and long rivers in China. The Great Wall is very famous in the world.China is a developing country. Under the leadership of the Party, we are making our country richer and stronger.