名词性从句-高中名词性从句讲与练
名词性从句
网络清单
分类:宾语从句(在句子中充当宾语的从句)
主语从句(在句子中充当主语的从句)
表语从句(在句子中充当表语的从句)
语从句(在句子中充当某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词的后面,解释说明该名词
的具体内容)
表语从句、同位语从句中,that不能省略。
从句中,that从句在句首时,that不能省略;it作形式主语,that从句作真正主语
,that可以省略。
从句中,作及物动词的宾语,that一般可以省略,两个that引导的从句同时作宾语,
从句中引导词that可以省略,但第二个宾语从句中引导词that不能省略;介
宾语,that从句一般不作介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in等介词的宾语,that不可省略。
whether, if:1. 在表语从句、同位语从句中,用whether不用if。
2. 在主语从句中,主语从句置于句首时,只用whether;it作形式主语,主语从句置
于句末,用whether或if均可,但也有特殊情况。
3. 在宾语从句中,作及物动词宾语,一般情况下,可以互换;与or not连用时,需用
whether构成whether or not结构;作介词宾语时,用whether不用if;discuss后用
whether不用if引导宾语从句。
:注意语序要用陈述句语序,不能用疑问句语序。
though引导表语从句。
词性从句的结构和功能总述
从句包括、、、。名词性从句是一种具有名
的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的 以特殊疑问词who, where, why等引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性关系从句。 as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:
题组训练完成下列句子
1Can you tell me (我如何能)get to the railway station? ○
2These photographs will show you (我们村看上去是什么样子的). ○二.以that引导的从句
(一)主语从句
1. that从句作主语时,常用it作,常见的句型有:
(1)(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, It + be + 形容词
probable, etc.)+ that从句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
可以肯定她会考得很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切告诉了她。
(2)It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that从句。如: It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.
我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。
(3)It + be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+ that从句。如:
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到北京了。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
已经定下来了,会议推迟到了下周一。
2. 在口语中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,但that从句位于句首时,that是不能省略的。如:
It’s a pity(that)you’re leaving. 你要离开,真遗憾。
That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请参加今晚的音乐会,这对于我们来说是个好消息。
(二)宾语从句
1. 常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。如: Do you know(that)he has joined the army? 你知道他参军了吗?
We think it highly probable that he is dead. 我们认为他死了,这是非常可能的。
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
他应当改进他的发音,我们认为这是必要的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的,这一点他已明确表示了。
2. that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生,就是有点粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
他和他同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。
其他介词后需要用that从句作宾语时,需用it作形式宾语。如:
You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。
(三)表语从句
that引导表语从句时,一般不省略。如:
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
(四)同位语从句
That引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后,对前面的名词起补充说明作用,that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不但当任何成分,一般不省略。如:
There’s a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is.
我有一种感觉,我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么。
题组训练单句填空
3It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. ○
三.以whether/if(是否)引导的从句
(一)表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不用if;当主语从句放于句首时,也常用whether引导不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可,但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时,必须用whether。如:
Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)
= The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)
= I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
(二)在宾语从句中
1. 在及物动词后
(×)I don’t care whether he doesn’t come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)
(√)I don’t care whether/if he comes or not.
(√)I don’t care whether or not he comes.
(×)I don’t care if or not he comes.(if不与or not直接连用)
(√)I don’t know whether to go there.
2. 在介词后
在介词后常用whether不用if。如:
It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
题组训练用whether或if填空
4It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. ○
5I’m not sure he will come here or not. ○
6This decision will have effect on or not he will succeed. ○
四.以特殊疑问词where, who, how, why等引导的从句
(一)主语从句
特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。如:
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪开会都无所谓。
It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有确定。
(二)宾语从句
1. 能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多,常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。如:
I can’t imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做的这件事。
They couldn’t understandwhy I refused it. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝。
2. 作介词宾语。如:
It all depends on how we solve the problem. 这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。
We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。
(三)表语从句、同位语从句
The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该呆在哪里。(表语从句)
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
我如何能和他取得联系的问题还没有得到答复。(同位语从句)
题组训练单句填空
7I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finished anything. ○
8Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life’s most important ○
decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
9The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park. ○
五.以what或wh-ever等引导的名词性关系从句
What也可用来引导名词性关系从句,此时what = the thing(s) which/that,有时what可以用作前置定语,如what help, what funny stories等。此外,whoever = anyone who; whichever = anyone who/anything that(whichever也可指人);whatever = anything that(whichever和whatever也可作定语)。有时where(= the place where)和when(= the time when)也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。
(一)主语从句
What they need is a good textbook. 我们需要的是一本好课本。
Whatever he likes will be given to him. 他喜欢的任何东西都会给他。
Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 无论他买了哪一本书都要付款。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁干了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。
(二)宾语从句
She will give whoever(= anyone who)needs help a warm support.
凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。(作动词宾语)
I spent what little time I had with my family.
我仅有的那一点时间都与家人在一起度过了。(作动词宾语)
She walked up to where(= the place where)he stood.
她走到他站着的地方。(作介词宾语)
I can judge by what(= the things that)I know of him.
我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。(作介词宾语)
You can write about whatever topic(= any topic that)you prefer.
你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。(作介词宾语)
(三)表语从句
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.
明天是最方便的时候。
(四)同位语从句
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.
我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望拥有的东西。
(五)名词性关系从句还可以作宾语补足语
We’ll make him whatever he is fit for.
他适合干什么,我们就培养他干什么。
I’ll call the baby whatever name you like.
你喜欢什么名字,我就叫这个小孩什么名字。
He has made the company what it is today.
他把公司办成了今天这个样子。
题组训练单句填空
10Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales, please? ○
11The book can be of help to wants to do the job. ○
12She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. ○
13—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? ○
─ Ok, you want.
14To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. ○
六.名词性从句的几个易混点
(一)that通常不可以省略的情况
1. that引导的主语从句置于句首时;
2. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略;
3. 由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中的that大多不可省略。如:
That prices will go up is certain.
物价要上涨是肯定的。
He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他得离开且很快就回来。
You can put it thatit was arranged before.
您可以说这是以前安排好的。
(二)wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
wh-ever既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。如:
WhateverI said, he wouldn’t listen to me.
= No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)
He would believe whatever I said.
我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)
另外,在whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever中,-ever起强调作用,意为“究竟,到底”。如: Wherever have you been?
你究竟去了哪里?
(三)as if/as though, because, why也可引导表语从句。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain.
天好像要下雨。
That’s because he didn’t work hard enough.
那是因为他没有足够努力工作。
That was whyI asked for three day’s leave.
那就是为什么我请了三天假。
注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since和as不能引导表语从句。 (四)that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别
that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词如news, word(消息), idea, fact, hope, desire, thought等后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,引导同位语从句时,that在从句中不充当任何成分,因此that引导的同位语从句时完整的,不缺任何成分。
另一方面,that引导定语从句时,that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,that在定语从句中充当主语、
宾语或表语。因此,that引导的定语从句的成分是残缺的。如:
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句,不缺任何成分) 我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。
o was not true.(定语从句,缺少宾语) 真的。 .
a ticket free.