名词.代词和主谓一致
名词、代词的用法和主谓一致
——川庆公司培训中心胡在统
一. 名词(可数、不可数、单复数和所有格)
1. 名词的分类:分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2. 名词的单复数:不可数名词只要原形形式,可数名词有单
复数之分。
3. 可数名词单数变复数:
(1) 一般情况(略)
(2) 特殊情况:
tomato----tomatoes potato----potatoes hero---heroes child----children deer----deer sheep----sheep man----men woman----women foot----feet mouse----mice roof----roofs proof----proofs fish----fish/fishes food----food/foods
4. 名词的作用:作主语、宾语和表语。
5. 名词作定语:
(1) 一般用原形形式
(2) m an, woman, gentlman 作复数名词的定语时,须变为,
复数。如:20 women doctors
(3) 复合名词作定语,如放在前面,用连词符号“-”,不用
复数;如放在后面,不用连词符号“-”,用复数。如:
an eight-year-old boy =a boy eight years old
6.
7. 名词的所有格:名词’s 如:Tom ’s, Li Ming’s 双重所有格:a/an +名词+of +所有格(名词的所有格/名词
性所有格) 如: my sister’ my sister’二.代词(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代
词、不定代词)
1. 和 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 反身代词
物主代词 物主代词
作主语 作宾语 作定语 作主/宾/表语
This book isn’ 2. 指示代词: this, that, these,those, such
3. 不定代词:all, both, every, each, either,
neither,some, other, another, any, one, something, someone, nobody, none, ect.
三.主谓一致(主语和谓语保持单复数一致)
1.用with/of连接的两个名词或代词作主语,看前者;如:
Jim ’s brother with his friends often to the cinema.
One of the legs of the desk broken.
2.用and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语,一般表复数;如果表
同一人或同一事物(通常只有同一个修饰词如the ),则表单数。如:The writer and the professor are from Beijing University. from Beijing University.
3.用either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个名词
或代词作主语,按就近原则即陈述句看后者,疑问句看前者。如: Either you or I wrong.
4. every, each等表单数的不定代词修饰名词或代词作主语,用单数。
5.集合名词作主语,如果强调整体,表单数;如果强调个体的组合,
则表复数。如:
(1)There are six people in their family. Their family a big family.
(2)When I went to Li Ming ’s house yesterday evening, their family
6. 分数(含百分数)的单复数:分数(含百分数)后如为不可数名
词,则表单数;如为可数名词,通常表复数。如:
covered with trees.
(2)one-fifth of the students in the class girls.
7. 关系代词作主语时,定语从句谓语的单复数由先行词决定。