高一英语必修四Unit3语法
高一英语必修四Unit 3 语法
动词-ing形式作表语
(1) 动名词作表语,说明主语的内容,指一般性、经常性的动作。如:
His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。
(可以说成Teaching English is his job.)
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.
Our task is building socialism.
(2) 现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,说明主语的性质;可有比较形式,亦可被very等副词所修饰。如:
He was very amusing. 他很有趣。
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更刺激。
The film we saw last night is quite moving.
His words are encouraging.
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示:(1)动名词作表语和主语是等值关系,两者有时可以互换,句子意思不变;动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。
(2)现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系,现在分词后面不能接宾语,但它前面可以有修饰性的副词,如very, rather等。
三.动词-ing形式作定语
(1) 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能,用途;被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系;可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达;动名词通常只能位
于所修饰的名词前。如:
a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming) 游泳池
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖 (2) 现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作;被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系;可换成定语从句来表达;单个的现在分词作定语,
常置于被修饰的名词的前面;现在分词短语作定语,须置于被修饰名词的后面。如:
Nobody can stop the running horse (=the horse that is running).
(horse与running在逻辑上有主谓关系)
I know the man standing there (=who is standing there.).
(the man与standing there在逻辑上有主谓关系) 全析提示:
1.动名词短语不能作定语,单个的动名词可以用作定语,但仅作前置定语。
如:working method=method for working 工作方法
2. 单个分词和分词短语都可作定语,单个分词一般作前置定语,分词短语则作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
如:the man visiting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan