名词专项训练与提高
2013-2014第二学期 期末考试之后 语法专项训练与提高
名词专项训练与提高
一、定义与分类
名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据名词的词汇意义,通常可将其分为专有名词
和普通名词。专有名词表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称,专有名词的第一个字母通常大写;
普通名词表示人、物、概念等的一般名称。普通名词根据其语法性质可分为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类。
二、名词复数的构成方法
1. 在一般情况下,加词尾 –s;而以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾 –es。如:
desk / desks 课桌 class / classes 班,课box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子
注:stomach / stomachs(胃)是例外。
2. 以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s;以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把 f / fe 改为 ves:
family / families 家 key / keys 钥匙 thief / thieves 贼 wolf / wolves 狼
注:在中学英语范围内,要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。
3. 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加词尾 -s,有些加-es,有些加-s或-es均可:
kilo / kilos 公斤 hero / heroes 英雄 zero / zero(e)s 零
注:在中学英语范围内,加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个:tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。
三、单数与复数同形的名词
sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人
四、不规则的复数名词
man / men 男人 woman / women 女人 child / children 小孩 tooth / teeth 牙齿 foot / feet 脚 goose / geese 鹅 mouse / mice 老鼠 ox / oxen 公牛
五、名词的可数性
名词根据其可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词。这两类名词的主要特点如下:
1. 可数名词的用法特点:可以有复数形式;可直接在其前使用不定冠词或数词;可受 these, those,
few, a few, many, a good [great] many, a great [good] number of 等修饰。如: There are five rooms in the apartment. 公寓里有五间房。
There were many things to be done. 有很多事情要做。 A large number of students are Asians. 很多学生是亚洲人
2. 不可数名词的用法特点:通常没有复数形式;其前不可直接用不定冠词或数词;可用(a) little, much, a great deal, a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of, some, any 等修饰;要表示数量不可在前面直接加数词,而要用 a piece of 之类的结构。如:
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 They haven't much furniture. 他们没有多少家具。 He lost a great quantity of blood. 他大量失血。
名词专项训练与提高
I选择填空:
1.The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2.Her two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans 4.Two ______ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6.The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
8.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men
9.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 11. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys 12. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 13. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 14. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 15. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany 16. There are some ______ in these _______. A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 17. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
18. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
19. There is no ______ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs II.填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two_____ (knife) 2. There are many _____ here. (box) 3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus) 4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _____ are playing football now. (child) 6. Those men's _____ (wife) are watching TV. 7. Would you please give me three ____ (apple)? 8. These are _____ _____ (banana tree). 9. They are _____. (Chinese)
10. These __________(people )are friendly.