第二单元及作文
Topics for writing in this term are listed below. You may choose from them and write in your exercise-book. (要求:至少十选三写在作业本上,写完一篇上交一次。不规定每篇作文的具体上交时间。但期中前上交至少1篇;后半学期上交2篇,勿挤在截止日期一次性上交两篇。严禁抄袭!除写在作业本上的,本学期其余作文均在自主学习课时通过“作文评阅系统”完成,题目会随堂通知。)
1. On Chinese Workers’ Paid Holidays(上网写)
1). 有人认为“带薪休假”有很多好处;
2). 有人认为“带薪休假”落到实处很难;
3). 你的观点及建议。
2. To Curb Spending
1). 现在许多大学生花钱大手大脚;
2). 有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了,大学生花钱多一些无可厚非;
3). 你的看法。
3. Do We Have Our Privacy
1). 学生抱怨家长、老师不尊重他们的隐私权;
2). 家长、老师则认为他们有监护责任;
3). 你的看法。
4. What Electives to Choose
1). 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课;
2). 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课;
3). 以你自己为例。
5. Reduce Waste on Campus
1). 有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重;
2). 浪费的危害;
3). 杜绝浪费, 从我做起。
6. My View on Job-Hopping
1). 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作,因为......
2). 有些人喜欢经常更换工作,因为......
3). 我的看法。
7. A Letter to a Schoolmate
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1). 表示欢迎;
2). 提出对度假安排的建议;
3). 提醒应注意事项。
4).
8. A Letter in Reply to a Friend
假设你的一位朋友来信告知想报考你所在学校的硕士研究生,写一封回信。回信须包括以下几点:
1). 建议报考的专业及理由;
2). 报考该专业的基本条件;
3). 应当如何备考。
9. An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点:
1). 车祸发生的时间及地点;
2). 你所见到的车祸情况;
3). 你对车祸原因的分析。
10. On Piracy
1). 目前盗版的现象比较严重;
2). 造成这种现象的原因及危害;
3). 我们应该怎么做
Useful words and expressions:
盗版piracy (n) 盗版产品pirated products 知识产权intellectual products 侵犯版权infringe somebody’s copyright; copyright infringement Unit 2 Smart Cars
Words Study:
1. lucrative [L4]: adj. producing much money; profitable
e.g.
This is a lucrative business.
我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意,赚了些钱。We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports.
2. manufacture: vt.
1) make goods on a large scale using machinery
e.g.
This firm manufactures cars.
在工厂制造产品 to manufacture goods in a factory
2) invent; make up
e.g.
You’ll have to manufacture some kind of excuse.
她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。 She manufactured a false story to hide the facts. CF: manufacture & make
这两个词都是动词,都有“制造”之意。
manufacture: 使用范围较窄,既可指通过使用工业机械,亦指粗制滥造以一种机械的方式创作、制作或完成。例如:
His books seem to have been manufactured rather than composed. 他的作品像
是被机器加工出的,而不是创作的。
make:通用且非正式,可用于所有的制造过程。例如:
He made a model plane out of wood. 他用木头做了一架模型飞机。
3. approximately [L15]: adv. more or less exactly
e.g.
The car accident happened at approximately 7:45 a.m.
approximate : adj . fairly correct or accurate but not completely so
e.g
The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900.
大概的时间是三点钟。The approximate time is three o’clock.
4. eliminate [L19]: vt . remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get
rid of
e.g.
The police have eliminated all the other suspects.
Pattern: eliminate sth. from sth.
Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?
5. start up [L21]: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.
e.g.
Put the key in the ignition and turn it to start the car up.
玛丽发动引擎,向她的家乡驶去。Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown.
6. in the air [L21]: in the earth’s atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided
e.g.
There is a strange smell in the air.
Hundreds of birds suddenly rose in the air.
我们的计划尚未确定。Our plans are still in the air.
7. alert [L22]:
1) vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc.
Pattern:
The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking.
警察警告我有危险。 The policeman alerted me to the danger.
2) adj . attentive; watchful
Pattern:
The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.
CF: alert & attentive
alert 指思维敏捷而高度集中,注意着可能发生的事件,尤其是危险的、恐怖的事件,并迅速做出反应。例如:
A hunting-dog must be alert. 猎犬必须很机警。
The guards were alert to any danger. 哨兵警惕着一切危险的情况。
attentive 强调能够把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。例如: I wish you would be more attentive to what your teacher has told you. 希望你能多注意老师对你说的话。
He was absolutely attentive to research into the cause of cancer. 他专心致志研究癌症的起因。
3) n . a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action
Pattern: e.g.
The hunters are on the alert for wolves.
8. prototype [L29]: n. the first model or design of sth. from which other forms
are copied or developed
e.g.
prototype equipment
prototype machine
prototype model
NB: proto- 前缀,表示“最初的,原始的”,例如:
银河) ⏹ protocluster 原星团 (cluster 丛) ⏹ protogalaxy 原星系 ( galaxy 星系,
⏹ protovirus
9. 原始病毒 (virus 病毒) monotonous [L31]: adj. dull and never changing or varying; constant and
boring
e.g.
The teacher’s voice was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep.
我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.
10. hazard [L 33]: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or
risk
e.g.
There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.
穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。There are many hazards in a journey across Africa. Collocation:
at all hazards 不顾一切风险; 在任何情况下
in hazard
by hazard 在危险中, 受到威胁 偶然, 碰运气
在危险中 be on the hazard
11. vibrate [L46]: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake
e.g.
Tom’s heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate.
The hammers strike the piano strings and vibrate them.
当司机发动了发动机时,公共汽车颤动着。The bus vibrated when the driver started up the engine.
12. frequency [L46]: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a particular period of time
e.g.
Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.
This radio signal has a frequency of 800,000 cycles per second.
科学家正试图计算出这个地区地震发生的频率。The scientists are trying to calculate the frequency of earthquake in this district.
13. convert [L52]: v. change from one form or use to another
Pattern: e.g.
I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.
Coal can be converted to gas.
那座楼房改成学校了。That building has been converted into a school.
14. correlate [L54]: vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another
e.g.
Research workers find it hard to correlate the two sets of figures.
Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated.
Pattern:
They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns correlate with particular changes in diet.
把理论与实践联系起来 correlate the theory with practice
15. drastically [L56]: adv. in a drastic way
drastic : adj . having a strong or violent effect
e.g.
Drastic measures are needed to improve the performance of the company.
法国革命带来剧烈的社会变动。The French Revolution brought about drastic social changes.
16. application [L56-57]: n. the action or an instance of putting a theory, discovery, etc. to practical use
e.g. The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
17. be poised to do [L57]: be ready to take action at any moment e.g.
It is reported that U.S. forces are poised to attack Iraq.
The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.
18. mount [L65]: v. fix (sth.) in position for use, display or study; put (sth.) into place on a support
e.g.
Mounting the engine in this way was in improvement.
她把照片裱贴在她的日记本上。She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book.
19. magnetic [L70]: adj .
1) having the properties of a magnet
e.g.
The iron has lost its magnetic force.
Cotton is not magnetic.
2) having an unusual power or ability to attract
他有吸引人的个性。He has magnetic personality.
20. take control of [L70]: control
e.g.
The new manager didn’t know how to take control of his company.
The government has taken control of all the newspapers.
21. bunch [L71]:
1) v. group together (both active and passive)
The captain told the players not to bunch together.
The children were all bunched together in the corner of the room.
我们聚在火炉周围取暖。We bunched around the fire for warmth.
2) n . a group of items or individuals gathered or placed together
a bunch of grapes
a bunch of flowers
a bunch of keys
22. incorporate [L75]: vt. make (sth.) part of a whole
e.g. His newly published book incorporates his earlier essay.
他成为该大学的一员。 He was incorporated a member of the college.
我们将把你的建议编到新计划中去。 We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan.
23. decrease [L79]: v. become or make sth. smaller or fewer
They are making further efforts to decrease military spending.
今年在校的儿童人数减少了。The number of children in the school has decreased this year.
Opposite:
CF: decrease, reduce & lessen 这几个词都是动词,都有“减少”之意。 decrease:一词使用广泛,特指数量的减少。
例如:
The number of traffic accidents decreased last year. 去年交通事故的数量减少了。
Water consumption had to decrease to avoid a drought. 水的消费量必须减少,以避免水荒。
reduce:词义很广。既可指大小、数量、范围或程度的缩小,也可指等级、地位或经济状况的下降. 例如:
They reduced the size of the apparatus by two-thirds. 他们把该装置的体积缩小了三分之二。
This has greatly reduced the threat presented by typhoons. 这大大减少了台风造成的威胁。
lessen 是比较正式的用词,用于客观地表示程度、价值或数量的减少,而不带任何偏见。例如:
Production in the textile industry has also lessened sharply. 纺织工业的产量也已急剧下降。
The value of money lessens during inflation.通货膨胀时货币贬值
24. expansion [L80]: n. the process of becoming greater in size, extent or importance
e.g.
Under heat, the metal undergoes considerable expansion.
His book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
这些是扩大我们学校建筑的计划。These are plans for the expansion of our school building.
Useful Expressions
1. 制造业 manufacturing industry (L7)
2. 长途司机 long-distance driver (L31)
3. 被严重低估 be grossly underestimated (L32)
4. 威胁生命的重大隐患 life-threatening hazard (L33)
5. 解决问题 cure the problem (L38)
6. 积极的影响 a positive impact (L39)
7. 与无线电信号调谐 be tuned to radio signals (L39)
8. 在任何一个特定时间 at any given time (L44)
9. 精确的频率 precise frequency (L46)
10. 量子理论法则 the laws of the quantum theory (L46)
11. 发出无线电信号 send out a radio signal (L48)
12. 导航能力 navigational capability (L53)
13. 手杖 walking sticks (L60)
14. 遥控 remote control (L60)
15. 潜在的应用 potential use / application (L61)
16. 完全控制 take complete control of (L70)
17. 被编成组 be bunched into groups (L71)
18. 一齐行驶 travel in unison (L72)
19. 对环保有利 an environmental boon (L79)
Difficult Sentences from Text A
1. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry. [L6-8]
1]. Here “stand ” is used to show a particular level or amount.
e.g.
◆Inflation currently stands at nine per cent.
◆Your bank balance stands at $460.
2]. The Chinese version of this sentence: 汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右,从而成为世界上最大的制造业
2. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a
car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.
[L26-28]
“Should ” is often used in subordinate clauses after “if” – it makes an event sound less probable.
e.g.
◆If you should see Harry, give him my regards. (You might see him.)
◆In Briti sh English, the structure “if + subject + should +verb” is often replaced by “ e.g.:
Should you see Harry, give him my regards.
3. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your
car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. [L39-41]
This sentence means “there are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio signals which come from orbiting satellites. The sensors can locate the car and
warn of traffic jams.”
4. Some of them locate a car’s position by correlating the rotations in the steering
wheel to its position on a map. [L54-55]
How the navigational facilities help locate the car’s position is that they locate the car’s position by establishing the relation between the rotations in the wheel and the car’s position on a map.
5. “The commercial industry is poised to explode,” [L57-58]
“The commercial industry” refers to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially. This sentence means “the commercial industry is bound to develop rapidly and be prosperous.”
6. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways
in the United States. [L75-76]
1]. The structure “may well be …”means “is very likely that … ”
2]. The Chinese version of the sentence: 到2010年,远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。
Translation
1) Her dream of being a college student___________________. (终于成为了现实)
2) ____________________________(这项新发明的应用) will bring great profits
to the company.
3) ___________________________(她已被取消了参加...... 的资格) from the
swimming race.
4) Many people____________________________(认为...... 很困难) to find a
satisfactory job.
5) It is reported that _________________________(汽车事故被列为) the leading
causes of death and injury throughout the world.
Key to Translation
1)
2)
3)
4)
5) has been turned into a reality The application of this invention She has been eliminated find it hard car accidents rank as