宾语从句八年级
2014-2015学年度第二学期八年级英语导学案 编号: 编制: 曹小霞 审核:八年级英语组 班级: 小组: 姓名:
宾语从句讲解
【学习目标】
1. 掌握宾语从句的定义 2. 掌握词组宾语从句的用法
【学习重点】
宾语从句的运用
【学习难点】
宾语从句的运用
一、. 宾语从句的定义:
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 二、宾语从句的种类:
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如: He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
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He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if 或whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
一般情况下,if 和whether 可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. ②在介词后:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如: I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
四、宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 如: I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
I don't know when he will come back.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
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2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一当that 在从句中充当主语时
般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时等)。例如: He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. He asked his father how it happened. The children didn't know who he was.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 不省略引导词that
当that 作learn, suggest, explain, agree ,wonder, prove, mean, state, feel ,hold等动词的宾语时; 当宾语从句较长时;
当主语从句置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词) 与宾语从句之间有插入语时; 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that 可以省略,第二个that 不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that 或this,that 做主语的定语时; 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 当宾语从句有it 做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
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