商务英语专有名词解释

Деловой

Forms of ownership: перевод.

– Sole Proprietorship—a business owned and operated by a single individual. – Partnership---- партнёрство— a business owned by two or more people.

– Limited Company—a company where ownership is represented by company＇s

shares.

1. Board of directors---.Cовет директоров —the officials elected by shareholders

who rule the company

2. Current liabilities—the money that a company during which certain goods are

produced.

3. Dividends—company profits paid to shareholders.

4. Entrepreneur-- Предприниматель—person who sets up a new commercial

enterprise to make a profit.

5. Indebtedness -- задолженность– amount of debts

6. Initial funds --funds used in starting a business.

7. Liabilities -- Обязательства– the amount of debt that must be paid.

8. Shareholders-- акционер–those who own shares of a company＇s stock.

9. Accounting – бухгалтерия---- the action or process of keeping financial

accounts. Is a system of gathering , summarizing and communicating

financial information for a business firm, government or other

organizations.

10. Balance sheet – Балансовый отчёт - is a statement which describes the

companies resources and indicates where these resources have

come from.

11. Bankruptcy –Банкротство-when a company is judged legally to be unable to

pay it´s debts .

12. Fiscal policy/tax policy – Налоговая политка - is a government＇s policy that

deals with government＇s taxing and spending programs.

13. Income statement—a report of firm＇s revenue and expenses during a certain

period.

14. Rate of inflation – Уровень инфляции - is the amount on the speed of

inflation.

15. Sales ledger – Книга учёта - a book in which a company records all it´s sales.

16. Distribution—the movement of goods & services from producer to customer.

17. Assets

18. Barter—exchanging of goods and services for other goods or services.

19. Equity capital---funds (in a company) raised by selling stock and retained

earnings.

20. Bond—a certificate issued by the government or a company promising to pay

back borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest on a specified date.

21. Cash----

22. Fixed assets----

23. Cash on delivery----a method of payment for goods at the time of delivery

24. Cash with order—a method of payment for goods when cash is paid to the

supplier at the time that the order in placed.

25. Commodity----

26. Consumer----somebody, who uses goods or services.

27. Currency—the money in use in a country.

28. Demand----Спрос -—customer interest in acquiring smth.

29. Supply---предложениe – the quantities of a type of goods available on the

market.

30. Supplier—the company that provides the materials needed for manufacturing a

product

31. Raw materials----the materials used in a manufacturing process.

32. Working in progress (WIP)—the stage in a company during which certain

goods are produced.

33. Finished stock----a supply of goods for sale, usually kept at a warehouse.

34. Current assets—include cash and items that can be easily turned into cash

35. Durable goods—long-lasting products.

36. Advertising---the promotion of goods or services through media.

37. Advertising agency—an organization which provides (for a certain commission)

advertising services.

38. Discount----скидка—a reduction in the usual price of something.

39. To settle a complaint---to put things in order to satisfy the customer.

40. Hire-purchase contracts (installment sales)—a system for buying goods

involving a series of payments at regular intervals.

41.JIT (just in time) ----a manufacturing and stock-control system in which goods

are produced and delivered as they are required.

42. Lean production---doing things as quickly and cheaply as possible, without

waste.

43. Marketing—the activity of presenting advertising and selling company’s

products in the best possible way.

44. Markup----the difference between the manufacturing cost of an item and its

selling price.

45. Output----

46. Outsourcing---using outside suppliers for goods or services.

47. Premises---the buildings used in running a business.

48. Profit--- прибыль – money that you gain by selling things or doing business

after your costs have been paid.

49. Real estate—land including all the property on it.

50. Receivables—the assets owed to a company.

51. To retail--- продавать в розницу—to sell goods to customers in small

quantities and without a discount. (to sell in small amounts)

52.To wholesale---- продавать оптом—to sell goods in large amounts.

53. Seasonal demand—the demand dependent on the time of year.

54. Stock (inventory) ----a supply of raw materials, work-in –progress and finished

goods that is available for use.

55. Working capital—the money that a business has available for its operation.

56. Bad debts—a sum of money owed that is unlikely to be repaid.

57. Credit card---

58. Credit limit—the maximum amount of credit given to a customer.

59. Credit rating—the figure showing a customer's ability to repay money or goods

given on credit.

60. Debtor ---- должник– a person who owes money

61. Creditor—a person (organization) to which money is owed.

62. To default on (re)payment—to fail to pay a debt.

63. Interest—a charge for the use of loan.

64. Long-term loan—a loan given for a period of 5 years or more.

65. Short-term loan—the loan given for a period of up to 5 years.

66. Terms of credit—the conditions of granting a credit.

67. Trade credit—the goods given on credit.

68. Income tax—a tax paid on money made from employment , business or capital.

69. Market economy—an economy where economic decisions are determined by

the market and the laws of supply and demand

70. Mixed economy—an economy that combines elements of market and command

economies.

71. Command economy—an economy in which the government makes economic

decisions about production and distribution.

72. Monetary policy—government’s policy that deals with interest rates,

availability of loans and money supply.

73. Benchmarking—studying organizations that are among the best in the world at

performing a particular task.

74. Boom—a period of rapid economic growth

75. Recession — a period of decline in economic activity.

76. Economic environment—the environment in which firms, people, government

and local authorities deal with economic matters.

77. Exports—products sold to another country

78. Imports—products brought into one country from another country.

79. Securities – stocks or shares in a company.

80. Stock market ---- фондовой рынок– the place where stocks and shares are

bought and sold