高考英语交际用语分类

高2016级高考英语交际用语分类总结

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上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的―虚像‖，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用―I don't‖应答―Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow‖，用―Don't be sorry‖回答―I'm sorry I broke your mirror‖，以及用―No thanks‖回答―Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.‖

避免―上词下用‖的误区，一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目，二是确认句子上下文语境，三是确认正确的话语方式。

—I wonder if I could use your telephone. —________.

A.I wonder how B. I don‘t wonder C. Sorry，it's out of order D. No wonder, here it is 尽管该题中反复出现―wonder‖一词，但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对方意见，问句相当于―Could I use your telephone?‖综合语境和话题的分析，正确的答话方式一般为―Of course you can‖（肯定）或―Sorry, you can‘t‖（否定），也只有C项符合题意，A、B、D项均属典型的―

上词下用‖现象，而且D项中的―No wonder‖意思为―难怪 ‖，更是和题干内容相差甚

非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。学生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案，这属于语言知识的―负迁移‖。

—Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend? —________．

A. I don‘t believe B. I don‘t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not

以Do you think…? 这样的句子来提问，用D项来回答表示否定，显然不符合中文的表达习惯，这也正是许多学生选了A、B、C项的原因。另一个更常见的失误是套用中国文化模式。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗，这属于文化方面的―负迁移‖。此类例子有：

1.—I'd like to invite you to dinner tomorrow.—Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble.

（正确答话为：I'm very sorry, but…）

2.—Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me. —Please don't say so.

（正确答话：I'm glad you like it．）

3.—Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! —Oh, no.

Thanks. You look well, too）．

语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。―请求‖方面的问话有May I…?/Can I…?/I wonder if I could…/Do you mind if I…?等，―邀请‖方面的问话有Will you…?/Would you like to…?/I'd like to invite to…等。在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but, I'm afraid, I'm sorry, thanks, please, had better等。

—I didn‘t know this was a one-way street, officer. —________

A. That‘s all right. B.I don‘t believe you.

C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but that‘s no excuse.

许多考生可能选了B、C项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案D项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。

以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联，但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。

最典型的例子是With pleasure和It's a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示―非常愿意‖。后者一般在事后回答，表示―不用客气‖。

一，具体用法

1.告别

―See you. ‖道别时用语,同Good-bye; Take care也是道别是用语,但表示―多保重‖

2.介绍

― Nice/Pleased/Glad to meet you.‘‘为初次见面时的礼貌用语; ‖Nice meeting you.‘‘为初次见面后的告别语。

3.感谢和应答

感谢:Thank you/Thanks/It‘s very kind /nice of you.

回答:Not at all; It‘s/That‘s all right; You‘re welcome; It‘s a pleasure; My pleasure ;That‘s ok; Don‘t mention it.

难点:―My pleasure.‘‘ 同‖It‘s a pleasure.‘‘是感谢应答语译作―不用谢‘‘;而‖With pleasure.‘‘是请求应答语，作―乐意效劳,非常愿意‘‘

4.道歉、遗憾和应答

道歉:What a pity/ shame; I‘m sorry.应答:It‘s /That‘s all right; It doesn‘t matter; Never mind; Forget it; That‘s OK.

难点：―Forget it.‘‘ 共有三种意义: ①休想，不可能 ②没关系，别在意 .③别提它了，表不愿重复所说之话;Get it .明白了;Make it.干成,做成;Take it.拿去吧

5.请求、允许和应答

请求:May /Can /Could I…？Would /Do You mind…？应答肯定）：Yes/Sure/Certainly; Yes, please; Of course( not);you may/can; Take your time; Yes ,help yourself; Go ahead, please; Not at all; That‘s OK /all right; Not in the least; Not a bit.（否定）:I‘d rather you didn‘t; You‘d better not; I‘m sorry you can‘t.

难点：―Take it easy.‘‘安慰对方不要生气、紧张不安‖Take your time.‘‘安慰对方不要急,慢慢来―Sure, go ahead .‘‘当然可以,干吧、做吧、说吧等; ‖Yes ,help yourself.‘‘同意对方使用,让对方自己动手取;Not in the least.一点也不

-- Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?

--Of course,________, sir.

A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself C. It doesn‘t matter D. Take your time

6.祝愿、祝贺和应答

Well done!干得好，真棒！用以赞扬对方做得好Congratulations！祝贺对方已取得成功。―Good luck‖祝愿对方交好运，反语为：Bad luck!或Just my luck!;‖ Have fun!‘‘祝愿对方玩得开心,同Enjoy

yourself.

7.打电话

考点:Is that…speaking?Hold on, please; Just a minute, please.; Hello, who is it /that〈speaking〉?

Hello, this is …speaking; There‘s no Pippa here; Speaking.

难点：熟练掌握打电话用语.指对方时用指示代词that/it.指说话者本人时用指示代词this.打电话用语还有:Are you there?你还在接听吗?

---Good morning ,Grand Hotel.

--- Hello, I‘d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.

---_____.

A. What can I do for you ? B. Just a minute, please C. What‘s the matter? D. At your service

8.就餐

Help yourself to some…;I‘m full,thank you; Just a little, please; yes, sir?

9 .提醒注意

考点：Mind your step/ head! Wet floor!; Look out!; Be careful!; Take care!

难点： ―Look out!‘‘警告对方有危险;."Take care ‖警告对方做事要小心,还可作道别时用语, 译为―请多保重‘‘;

与look 相关的交际用语还有:Just have a look.随便看看.Look what you ‘ve done! 看看你干了些什么! ---_______for the glass !

---It‘s OK. I‘m wearing shoes .

A. Look out B. Walk out C .Go out D. Set out

10.请求和应答

请求：Can/Could/ Would you please…?应答:No/ Less noise ,please .What for?

难点：与what相关的交际应语:―what for?‘‘为什么‘‘,还可表示‘‘为何‘‘；―Guess what!‘‘ ‗‘你猜猜发生了什么事?‘‘用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前;而―What‘s up ?‘‘有啥事? ―So what?‘‘ 表示―是······又怎么样‘‘;‘‘那有什么了不起‘‘ ―与我有什么关系‘‘ ―What‘s wrong?‘‘ 表焦虑; ―What a shame!‘‘ 表遗憾; ―What is it?‘‘ 是什么; ―What about…?‘‘ 表劝告或建议; ―What a surprise !‘‘表惊讶. ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?

---_________.

A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come

11.同意和不同意

No way.没门儿；No chance.决不可能，即说话者确信某事不可能发生；I couldn‘t agree more .我非常赞成或我再同意不过了。比较级用于否定句中表最高级。又如：It can‘t be better/worse; Far from it. 远不是，差得远呢，表远非达到某种程度，视具体语境，译法灵活。如：Do you think he is a good worker ?Far from it. ―I will.‘‘表允诺、同意，译作‖我会的‘‘;I should think so.表强烈赞成,译作―当然‘‘.I should think not. 与之相反，译作‖当然不‘‘

12.肯定和不肯定

It depends.―视情况而定‘I have no idea .‖不清楚、不知道‖;It‘s up to you.―你看着办吧‖

13.意愿和预见

考点:I hope so /not.; I would rather not tell you ;I believe so /not. I guess so/ not.

难点:I（don‘t）guess/ believe/think /suppose so /not.但不可说I don‘t hope so.

14.表扬和鼓励

考点：Well done/Good work ! Come on ! You can do it !You‘re doing fine!难点：―Come on!‘‘有多

种意义：①表敦促，译作‖快点‘‘。②表鼓励、煽动，译作"加油，打呀，高兴点‘‘等。 ③了解对方所说的不是事实，译作"别逗了，算了吧‘‘

---Now , where is my purse?

---____! We‘ll be late for the picnic.

A. Take your time B. Don‘t worry C. Come on D. Take it easy

15.高兴

考点：That‘s nice /wonderful/great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! I‘m glad/pleased /happy to… 难点：I‘m glad to hear that.此句是考查热点，表高兴或喜悦。

—Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night .

--_____. I‘m sure you had a wonderful time.

A. Sounds good! B. Very well. C. How nice! D. All right

16.惊奇

Guess what!―你猜猜发生了什么事！‖用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前。What?则表对方介绍一种情况，说话者觉得难以置信，希望对方重复部分内容。No wonder.表因果，前一原因导致后来结果，译作―难怪，不足为奇‘‘。How come ?―怎么会呢？

真题—Brand was Jane‘s brother!

--_____he reminded me so much of Jane!

A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course

高频交际用语答案词:

1.No way 没门,决不可能;No problem (回答请求)没问题;No comment. 无可奉告;No wonder. 难怪

2.Forget it（应答道歉）忘掉它吧,算了吧;Got it懂了,知道了;I mean it我是认真的That‘s it.正是这样

3.Not likely!不可能,不行;Not in the least一点也不;Far from it一点也不;Not really不全是,不会吧;Not exactly!

不完全如此;Come on.快点;加油;得了吧;Why not? 好哇,干嘛不（同意建议）;Help yourself.随便吃,自己拿

4.How come?怎么会呢?（惊讶）;So what?那又怎样？What for?为了什么;What if? 如果…将会怎样？

5.It‘s a deal.成交;It‘s a bargain.便宜货;Let‘s go Dutch. AA制;It‘s my treat.我请客

6.I can‘t agree more.完全同意;It depends.看情况，视…而定;(It‘s) up to you.由你决定;Absolutely.完全可以，By all means当然可以,尽一切办法，务必；Go ahead.开始吧，请吧，用吧，继续

7.Take it easy.别急，别烦恼;Take your time.慢慢来;It‘s nothing./Think nothing of it.没什么（回答感谢）;Never mind.不要紧,没关系,不用担心;It doesn‘t matter.没关系，不生气，不介意

8.Me too.我也是;Me neither.我也不是;It‘s a piece of cake.小菜一碟;Cheer up.振作些;Cheers./Drink to one‘s health.（为健康）干杯;Better play it safe慎重，别冒险;You can‘t be serious! Are you kidding? 开玩笑

9.Pardon me.对不起;Just in case.以防万一;Yes?我在这儿，有什么事？(A : Waiter! B: Yes, sir?)

10.So far so good.目前为止，一切都好;That‘s not like him.那不像是他的风格; It‘s better than nothing.总比什么都没有好;Good luck.祝你好运;Just my luck.真倒霉，真不走运;You bet!当然;Drop me a line.写信给我

11.I‘ll keep my ears open.我会留意的;You‘re the boss.听你的;If I were in your shoes如果我是你的

话

12.That‘s all right = That‘s OK不用谢；没关系;That‘s great /Good idea太好了 ;It couldn‘t be better 这再好不过了;I‘d rather you didn‘t 我宁愿不要…;Hold the line, please别挂电话 ;Don‘t mention it/you‘re welcome不用谢

13.Please remember me to your mum 请代我向你的妈妈问好

14.A pleasure.=My pleasure=It‘s a pleasure. 意为―不用谢‖，当别人表示感谢时用它来回答;With pleasure. 意为―非常乐意‖，当别人请自己帮忙时，自己爽快的接受（伴随着快乐）

15.Never mind用于当别人为某事烦恼或向你道歉时;Help yourself 随便拿/吃…;you guessed it 你猜对了;Great,/exactly,/definitely/absolutely表示同意和赞成 20.That‘s very nice of you 你真好;That‘s for sure 当然;Thanks anyway不过，还是得谢谢你;It depends视情况而定;Not really不全是,并不是真的/真的不行（礼貌的拒绝）;I‘m glad that you like it so much (别人夸奖你的服务等你表示感谢的用语)

二，高考真题（13年）

1.— How far can you run without stopping?

— ________. I‘ve never tried.

A. Don‘t mention it B. That‘s all right C. I have no idea D. Go ahead

2. ——Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!

——, madam. It‘s our soup of the day.

A. Let me see B. So it is C. Don‘t mention it D. Neither do I

3. ―You can‘t judge a book by its cover,‖ ______.

A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying

4. --I'm sorry I made a mistake! A. Take your time B. You're right C. Whatever you say D. Take it easy

5. --Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?

,if you insist

A. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D.I don't care

?

A. Anything else B. Is that OK

C. For here or to go D. Something to drink

,they will learn to take care of themselves.

A. On the contrary B. In a word C. That is to say D. What‘s more

8. --How did your interview with the manager go?

He seemed interested in my experience, but he didn‘t ask for references.

A. Perfect! B. I‘m not sure. C. That‘s right. D. Couldn‘t be better.

9. ----Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting.

----_______. I‘m glad you enjoyed it.

-_______I don't drink.

A. No, thanks B. Yes, please C. I don't like it D. It's my favorite

11.--Forgotten something? I can keep an eye on your kids if you want to go end get it.

Thank you all the same.

A. It's very kind of you. B. Oh, how careless of me!

C. I might as well go and get it. D. Well, I can do without it,

12. — This is a really lively party. There‘s a great atmosphere, isn‘t there?

— ________ The hosts know how to host a party.

A. Don't worry B. Yes, indeed C. No, there‘s isn‘t D. It all depends

13. --I‘m tired. I‘m taking next week off.

-- , honey. You do need a break.

A. Not so sure B. Forget it C. Great idea D. No way

14. –Shall we go for a drink at one o‘clock this afternoon?

–

A. Sure, it‘s up to you B. Sure, no problem

C. Sorry, I can‘t make it D. Sorry, I‘m not available today 15. --I'm sorry I made a mistake!

Nobody is perfect.

A. Take your time B. You're right

C. Whatever you say D. Take it easy

16. -Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?

,if you insist

A. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D.I don't care

17. —I‘m afraid you have the wrong number.

—Sorry!________. A. See you later B. I didn‘t know that

C. Hold on, please D. I hope I didn‘t bother you

18. —The T shirt I received is not the same as is shown online.

—? But I promise you we‘ll look into it right away.

A. Who says B. How come C. What for D. Why worry

19. —Thank you for the flowers.

—A. That‘s right B. All right C. I mall right D. It‘s all right

20. —Hey, can I ask you a favor?

— Sure, _________ .

A. here you are B. just as I thought C. how is it going D. what can I do for you?

21.— Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?

—_______. Will pennies do? A. I know B. Never mind C. I am sure D. Let me see

22. — I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.

— .

A. I really envy you B. Glad to hear that C. Sounds great D. Take it easy

23. — I‘m going to Venice next week.

24. — -Mary‘s been offered a job in a university, but she doesn‘t want to take it. — ? It‘s a

very good chance.

A. Guess what B. So what C. Who cares D. But why

25. —Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits?

— ________.

A. Yes, with great pleasure B. No, I am afraid I can't make it

C. Yes, it is worth the time D. No, as long as it doesn't take long

（12年）

1. —Which one of these do you want?

— _______. Either will do.

A. I don't mind B. I'm sure C. No problem D. Go ahead

2. — What shall we do tonight then?

— ___ — whatever you want.

A. Help yourself B. It‘s a deal C. No problem D. It‘s up to you

3. — Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.

— Thanks. ___

A. So what? B. No way. C. What for? D. You, too.

4.—Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?

—__________. I can manage without you.

A. Forget it B. I‘m afraid not C. It depends D. Of course

5. —You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don‘t.

—__________. Confidence is really important.

A. It‘s not my cup of tea B. That‘s not the point

C. I don‘t think so D. I couldn‘t agree more

6. —Don‘t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.

— ________! I‘ll tell Dad there‘s nothing serious.

A. What a relief B. Congratulations

C. How surprising D. I‘m so sorry

7. — Honey, the cat‘s stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder…?

— Oh, it jumped off. ________.

A. Never mind B. All right C. No problem D. Take care

8. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ________.

A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start

9. —Happy birthday!

—Thank you! It‘s the best present I _______ for.

A. should have wished B. must have wished

C. may have wished D. could have wished

10. — May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.

— ________, thanks. I think I can manage.

A. All right B. No problem C. It‘s all right D. There‘s no way

11. — I love the Internet. I‘ve come to know many friends on the Net.

— ________. Few of them would become your real friends.

A. That‘s for sure B. It‘s not the case

C. I couldn‘t agree more D. I‘m pleased to know that

12. — What are you going to do this weekend?

— _____. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.

A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends

13. —I‘m sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier.

—_________. I‘ve just arrived.

A. That‘s no trouble B. You are welcome C. That‘s all right D. You can never tell

14.—The trip shouldn‘t take more than an hour.

—_______. It is at least two hours.

A. I guess so B. That‘s it C. You must be joking D. It depends

15. — Sorry I‘m late. I got stuck in traffic.

— _________. You‘re here now. Come in and sit down.

A. You are welcome B. That‘s right C. I have no idea D. Never mind

16. — The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled. — Oh, no! ________.

A. It‘s a pity B. It doesn‘t matter C. I knew it already D. It‘s not interesting at all

17. — Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance. — ________What if she refuses me?

A. I don‘t know B. Why me? C. With pleasure D. So what?

18. — Excuse me. How much is the shirt? — ________.

A. Extra Large B. 50 each C. It sells well D. Altogether there are 5

19. — Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. — Sure. ________.

A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will

20．—Have you paid? What‘s my share of the bill?

B．It‘s my share

D. It‘s up to you.

21.— Is there anything else to discuss?

—________. I guess.

A. Not at all B. No, that's all C. Yes, I'm sure D. Yea, of course

22. — I'm going to San Francisco for a couple of days.

— ___ . I wish I could get away for a while.

A. It doesn't matter B. Forget it C. I really envy you D. I can't agree more

23. — I‘m terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? It‘s rather urgent.

— Yes,

A. with pleasure B. no burry C. it doesn‘t matter D. of course