英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works

V The Romantic Period

The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人

应该是独立自由的个体)

In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change

from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of

the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,

imagination, nature, commonplace.

Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).

“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.

William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey

1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）

① 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

②

Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse

circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and

knowledge fullof peace”

2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind

while he is in solitude.

Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful

sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the

reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and

lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical

ideas and mystical thoughts.

③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey

④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女

② 序曲

2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834

The Lake Poets

① 古舟子颂

② 柯里斯塔贝尔

③ 忽必烈汗

Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination,

a strange territory

④ 半夜冰霜

⑤ 忧郁颂

⑥ 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)

3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824

（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）

“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.

① 唐•璜

恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记

该隐

② 当初我们俩分别

4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822

① Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and

oppression

② 麦布女王

伊斯兰的反叛

钦契一家

诗辩

无神论的必要性

③ Lyrics:

西风颂

Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless

freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to

destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from

the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads

shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about

renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things,

implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a

cycle, which only starts again when something dies.

Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in

iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each

with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc

ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an

invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.

Artistic features:

Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)

致云雀

5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821

(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)

① Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂

夜莺颂

心灵颂

忧郁颂

② 秋颂

Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that

change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises

the glories of the fall season by using almost every type

of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.

Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes

by, but also asserts that this change usually yields

something new and better than what came before. Each

of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of

two different types of change. One type of change

shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.

6. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817

She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of

ivory only inches squire.

① 理智与感情

傲慢与偏见(chapter I)

【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and

prejudice dissolved

【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a

necessary step if a woman is to avoid

the wretchedness of aging

spinsterhood

【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships

unsupported by money.

【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic

characters

曼斯菲尔德庄园

爱玛

诺桑觉寺

劝导

7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832

(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels

① 罗伯•罗伊

② 艾凡赫

VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900

Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant

preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common

people and everyday events.

1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870

（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer

① 匹克威克外传

② 奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）

③ 老古玩店

④ 圣诞颂歌

⑤ 董贝父子

⑥ 大卫•科波菲尔

⑦ 荒凉山庄

艰难时世

⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)

⑨ 远大前程

⑩ 我们共同的朋友

是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。

2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863

① or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt

from by John Bunyan)

②

3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855

① 简•爱

Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity

school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and

became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the

master,Mr. Rochester.

It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity

institution such as Lowood School

It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the

English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women

struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human

being.

② 雪莉

③ 教师

4. Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854

① 呼啸山庄

A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.

【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the

daughter Catherine, Heathcliff

【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella

②

5. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880

① 弗洛斯河上的磨坊

② 亚当•比德

③ 织工马南

④ 米德尔马契

6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892

（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）

Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）

① 悼念

To memorialize his friend

②

③ 国王叙事诗

7. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889

① 我已故的公爵夫人

② 海外乡思

Elizabeth Barrett Browing:

① 葡萄牙十四行诗

8. Robert Louis Stevenson

① 金银岛

9. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928

（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）

⑪ Novels

① 德伯家的苔丝

Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration

② 无名的裘德

③ 绿荫下

④ 远离尘嚣

⑤ 卡斯特桥市长

⑥ 还乡

⑫ Poems

Wessex Poems And Other Verses

Poems Of The Past And Present

The Dynasts 列国

VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century

Playwrights

① Oscar Wilde

② George Bernard Shaw

1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900

（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）

① 4 Comedies:

认真的重要

温德米尔夫人的扇子

一个无足轻重的女人

理想的丈夫

② Novel:

多利安•格雷的画像

③ Fairy Stories:

快乐王子故事集

2. George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950

(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist

⑪ Plays

① Plays Unpleasant

华伦夫人的职业

鳏夫的房产

② Plays Pleasant

武器与人

左右命运的人

③Plays

人与超人

匹格玛利翁

苹果车

圣女贞德

Novelists (Realists)

1. Joseph Concrad

①吉姆爷

②黑暗的心

1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?

The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of

people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to

the evil in humans’ heart.

2.What is the symbolism of black and white

【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized

Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was

suppressed, as the Dark Ages.

According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all

was dark and God created light.

According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans

came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was

considered to be in the “dark stage”.

【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.

Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and

darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark

and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This

contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the

Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth

about Marlow and the Europeans mind.

White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral

truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the

white man is totally corrupt

3.Comment

The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and

codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a

buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.

Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a

symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the

earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But

civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which

lurk in the background.

This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds

a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has

de-evolved into a primitive state.

4.Character

【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own

intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.

【Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn

back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.

5.Narrative Structure

In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story

he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around

Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has

learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to

Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story.

2. William Somerset Maugham

人性的枷锁

3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)

印度之行

霍华兹别墅

Modernists

⑪ 3 Novelists

① James Joyce

② David Herbert Lawrence

③ Virgirnia Woolf

1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930

① 儿子与情人(autobiographical)

【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of

character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious

woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner,

Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was

desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She hopes that they

will become outstanding

【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make

sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mother’s

influence, but he failed. After his mother has died and he is left alone, in

despair.

Theme:

Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of

psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the

individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life

implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was,

to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological

experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships,

Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel

Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence’s

Sons and Lovers

②虹

③恋爱中的女人

④ 查特莱夫人的情人

2. James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941

（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

尤利西斯(S_O_C)

一个青年艺术家的肖像

芬尼根的苏醒

都柏林人

3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941

（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

① Novels

达洛维夫人

到灯塔去

浪

雅各布的房间

奥兰朵

幕间

⑫ 2 Poets

① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )

② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )

1.William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939

（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）

⑪ collections

① 苇风

责任

② 塔

旋转的楼梯

⑫ Poems

复活节，1916

第二次来临/再世

到拜占庭航行

2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）

⑪ Poems

①

② 四个四重奏

③

⑫ Plays ① 大教堂谋杀案