翻译+汉译英

Unit 1

1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。

His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.

3.学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。

Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.

5.每年夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。

Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.

Unit 2

2.不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但它却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。

Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.

6.如果人类的本性始终固执地保持不变，不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明也绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。

If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.

Unit 3

1.许多研究表明沙漠中的空气太干燥了，几乎没有任何湿气。

Many studies indicate the desert air is so dry that it contains hardly any moisture.

3.听到这个消息后，我知道在两个星期内，我又会坐立不安。

After hearing the news, I knew that within a fortnight I should/would feel restless again.

5.在全世界范围内，各级政府正采取有效措施控制环境污染。

Throughout the world, governments at all levels are taking effective measures to prevent environment pollution.

Unit 4

2.锻炼和放松自己通常被认为是治疗疲劳症的有效方法。

Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.

3.你的活动量越小，机体老化的过程就越快，你就越容易面临生理和心理方面的种种问题。 The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable become to physical and psychological problems. you

4.即使你坚持节食，你也不可能减到你所希望的那种身材的程度。

Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.

Unit 5

1.人们普遍认为孩子在家里的抚养与他们在学校所接受的教育密不可分。

It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.

4.这个措施不仅有效地为下岗工人提供了就业机会，而且还有效地控制了物价上涨。

This new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but in limiting price increases.

6.大规模的货币投资，一方面满足了经济高速增长的需要，另一方面也造成了通货膨胀。 Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other.

Unit 6

3.在警察让她面对证据时她才承认偷了钱。

Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money.

5.官方的声明消除了大家对这一行业可能裁员的忧虑。

An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry. Unit 7

2.政府官员总是愿意把科学技术应用于短期的研究项目上，这对科学发展是十分不利的。 The government officers are inclined to apply the science and technology to short -term projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.

3.前任经理不想投资时间和金钱培训随时都会离开公司的员工，因而造成了大量的人才流失。

The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, an a result of which, there was a serious talent drain. Unit 1

1. When I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambitions of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minster show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.

1.我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个永恒的志愿。那就是当轮船上的水手。我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的。马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小丑；第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活；我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上，品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。

2. Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet arrived upward from St. Louis, and another downward from Keokuk. Before these events, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the whole village, felt this. After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summer's morning; the streets empty, or pretty nearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottom chairs titled back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep—with shingle-shavings enough around to show that broke them down; a sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the "levee";a pile of "skids" on the slop of the stone-paved wharf and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful leaping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide road along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the "point" above the town, and the "point" below, bounding the river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and

withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one; Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote "points";instantly a negro drayman , famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, "S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin! and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving.

2.一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。在这些大事出现之前，这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂：这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了。不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样。如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在心中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打盹；街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有：水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来，靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下遮着脸，打着瞌睡一他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了：一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子：两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲置着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在这木堆近旁酣睡着；码头上端有两三只平底木船，可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河，让它那一英里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林；村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线，把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来了!”于是情况就变了!镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了，随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每户人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。

6. So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a pilot and could come in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St.Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks, I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.

6.于是我不久就跑掉了。我说非到我当了领航员、能够得意荣归的时候，永远也不回家。可是不知怎么的，我却办不到。圣路易斯那个很长的码头上有许多船像沙丁鱼似挤在一起停靠着，我胆怯地走到几条船上去，低声下气地探寻船上的领航员，可是大副和职员们都对我摆出爱理不理的样子，几句话就把我打发了。我对他们这种态度，暂时只好极力容忍，可是我对将来却做着聊以自慰的白日梦，满心希望日后自己成为一个伟大的、受人尊敬的领航员，能有许多的钱，可以把这些大副和职员杀掉几个，出钱偿命了事。

Unit 2

IT IS impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth.” Thus Victorian enthusiasts, acclaiming the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of thing about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome will supposedly eradicate cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cybergurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living) with exuberant claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. cybergurus

However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.

1.在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着各种新技术．生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病．然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在了因特网上。网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。

Grandest of all the claims are those made by some of the savants at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology about the Internet’s potential as a force for peace. One guru, Nicholas Negroponte, has declared that, thanks to the Internet, the children of the future “are not going to know what nationalism is”. His colleague, Michael Dertouzos, has written that digital communications will bring “computer-aided peace” which “may help stave off future flare-ups of ethnic hatred and national break-ups”. The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict.

2.所有的断言中最为美妙的便是麻省理学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他的同事迈克尔 德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。

This is not new, alas, any more than were the claims for the peace-making possibilities of other new technologies. In the early years of the 20th century, aeroplanes were expected to end wars, by promoting international communication and (less credibly) by making armies obsolete, since they would be vulnerable to attack from the air. After the first world war had dispelled such notions, it was the turn of radio. “Nation shall speak peace unto nation,” ran the fine motto of Britain’s BBC World Service. Sadly, Rwanda’s Radio Mille Collines disproved the idea that radio was an intrinsically pacific force once and for all.

3.可惜啊！这种断言并不比有关其他新技术可能促进和平的说法新鲜到哪里去。在20世纪初，人们认为飞机的发明将有助于结束战争，因为它可以增进国际间的交往，使陆军变得陈旧过时（虽然这种说法不那么可信）——因为陆军容易受到来自空中的打击。在第一次世界大战的现实使这些想法都成为泡影之后，人们又把希望寄托在收音机上。“国与国之间将和平相见；”这是英国BBC电台全球广播使用的一句很好的标语。可悲的是，卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来是一种一劳永逸的和平力量。

Unit 4

Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from having to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your body's safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. "Many people who are extremely fatigued don't even know they're depressed," Dr. Bulette says. "They're so busy distracting themselves or just worrying

about being tired that they don't recognize their depression.”

8.第三，心理上的。情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑是长期疲劳的最常见的原因。疲劳可以是一种保护机制，阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因，比如你厌恶你的工作；疲劳也是你体内的一种安全阀，用以表达压抑的情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻。当这种情感不能公开得以宣泄时，身体上就往往会产 生某些症状，疲劳则是最常见的表现形式。“许多极度疲劳的人甚至不知道自己患了抑郁症，”布莱特博士说，“他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担心自己的疲劳以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁症。”

There is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. Vitamins and tranquilizers are almost never the right answer, sleeping pills and alcohol are counterproductive, and caffeine is at best a temporary solution that can backfire with abuse and cause life-disrupting symptoms of anxiety. Instead, you might try:

9.你自己就有很多方法来解决严重的长期疲劳症和那些周期性的疲劳感，维他命和镇静剂从来就不是正确的解决办法，安眠药和酒精只能产生副作用，而咖啡充其量也只能暂时解决问题，如果滥用还会适得其反，引起令生活不得安宁的焦虑症状。相反，你不妨试一试以下的做法：

No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you'll be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sweet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics , or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vacation; "getting away from it all" for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.

15.不论你的工作多么有趣，要求多么高，如果你能偶尔停下来，伸展一下肢体：换一换环境，你工作起来就会更加精力充沛。不要在休息时喝咖啡，吃甜食，而应该试看去冥思，做一做瑜伽术、健美操，或者轻松地散散步，甚至沿着楼梯上下来回跑也能给你久坐的工作带来清新的感觉。如果你从事的是体力劳动，那么就找一个安静的地方放松一下。“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假。“完全远离工作”一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你休假回来后能更从容地工作。

Unit 5

Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to us a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

9.每一个父母都会怀着急切的心情去观察孩子掌握的各种技能，如会说的第一句话、会走的第一步或者会读会写的第一个字。他们常常希望孩子能超常发展，但是这往往增加了孩子的失败感和内心焦虑，而这种情况有可能发生在任何成长阶段。有的父母可能强迫孩子过早地自己上厕所，要求孩子阅读一些他根本不理解的东西。但是另一方面，如果一个孩子长期无人理会或失去学习的机会，他就会失去对生活的天生的热情和自己发现新事物的渴望。

Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By

playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building block toys and jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.

10.共同学习是父母与孩子关系绵延的成功的源泉。通过共同玩耍，父母更了解孩子，孩子也能向父母学到更多的东西。共同玩的玩具和共同做的游戏都是帮助取得这种合作的途径，积木、拼板与字谜就是很好的例子。

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being.

11.父母对待孩子的严格要求和溺爱程度有很大差别，有些父母可能在花钱方面要求特别严格，其他的则对晚上回家的时间、能否准时用餐或个人卫生方面比较苛求。总之，这种控制代表着父母的需要、社会的价值、孩子自己的幸福与健康。

As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.

12.至于如何培养成长中孩子的道德规范问题，重要的是，家长在教育中要言行一致、朝令夕改不利于孩子的道德培养，父母应该懂得“身教重于言教” 的道理。如果他们口是心非，言行不一，孩子就会变得无所适从，没有安全感，甚至在某种程度上有一种被欺骗的感觉。如果孩子突然意识到，在父母的品行和他们的信奉的道德之间存在着明显差距，孩子就会失望，这是很危险的。

Unit 6

Perhaps the most commonly voiced objection to volunteer participation during the under-graduate years is that it consumes time and energy that the student might otherwise devote to “academic” pursuits. This argument has been laid to rest by the results of our longitudinal analyses, which reveal significant positive effects on all ten academic outcomes included in the study. while the analyses reveal that the net benefit attributable to service participation is quite small in the case of a student’s grade average—about I grade point---the fact remains that the effect is indeed positive and statistically significant. Among students who had at least a B average in high school, 69 percent of the service participants(compared to 56 percent of the non-participants) were able to maintain at least a B average in collage. Among those who entered college with a B or lower average, 27 percent of the service participants(compare to 19 percent of the non-participants)were able to improve ti at least a B average in college.

6.反对在大学期间自愿参加社会服务的最普遍的呼声也许是认为社会服务占去了学生的时间和精力，否则，学生会用这些时间和精力去做学术研究。这一争论已随着我们纵向分析结果的出现而平息。因为分析结果表明10门学习成绩都受到社会服务显著的正面影响。分析表明，尽管从学生的平均积分点看，对他们直接的收益很小——大约为一个积分点，但事实上其影响是积极的，从统计学角度来看很显著。在那些高中成绩至少是平均B+的学生

中，69％的参加社会服务的学生(同56％的不参加社会服务的学生相比)能在大学保持至少平均B+的成绩；在那些入学时成绩为B或低于平均分的学生中，27％的参加社会服务的学生(同19％不参加社会服务的学生相比)能在大学至少将成绩提高到平均为B+。

In the area of life skills, service participants show greater positive change than do non-participants in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed, with the largest differences occurring in understanding community problems, knowledge of different races/cultures, acceptance of different races/cultures,and interpersonal skills. Other significant differences that favor service participants include understanding the nation’s social problems, the ability to work cooperatively, skills in conflict resolution, and the ability to think critically.

8.在生活能力上，从所分析的8门课程成绩看，参加社会服务的学生比那些不参加社区服务的学生表现出更为积极的变化。其中最大的变化在于对社区问题的理解，对不同种族／文化的认识，对不同种族／文化的认可，以及人际交往能力的提高。其他有益的变化还包括对这个国家的社会问题的理解，合作能力、解决社会冲突问题的能力以及严谨思考的能力的提高。

The “real world” value of service participation further reveals itself in the positive effects observed in three areas of student satisfaction: leadership opportunities, relevance of coursework to everyday life, and preparation for future career. Finally, during college, service participants exhibit greater increases in social self-confidence and leadership ability than do non-participants. As a matter of fact, while service participants show increases during college in their self-rated leadership abilities, non-participants actually show slight decreases in theirs.

9.参与社会服务的现实价值进一步显示在令学生满意的三个积极作用上：提供领导机遇、课堂教学与日常生活密切联系．为将来的择业做好准备。最后，在大学期间，参加社会服务的学生社交自信心和领导能力比那些不参加社会服务的学生都提高得快。事实上，在参加社会服务的学生自我评价领导能力提高的同时，那些不参加社会服务的学生却表明了在这方面的能力略有下降。

Unit 7

Given this tremendous success, one might expect that basic science would receive commensurate support. Sadly, this is not the case, and indeed almost the opposite seems to be occurring. Basic research within industry is no longer fashionable-- the great corporate labs of the past few decades have been subject to cuts in funding and corporate breakups. Those that remain are often downsized, or have turned away from the challenge of profound discovery and toward immediate application. This trend does not come only from the boardroom --some science writers go even farther and pronounce basic science dead altogether, an observation given intellectual backing by researchers, who document the decline of unfettered research.

2.鉴于如此巨大的成功，人们会认为基础科学会得到相应的支持。可悲的是，情况并非如此，事实恰恰相反。行业内部的基础研究不再受到关注。过去几十年中，一些大公司实验室资金的投入遭到消减，或因公司分立而关闭。那些坚持下来的实验室也常常被缩小规模，或者不再钻研更深层次的东西，而有些急功近利。这种趋势不仅体现在会议中，一些科学家甚至断言基础科学已经不复存在，这个论断得到了一些研究人员的声援，他们有证据表明自由科学正在衰退。

Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking. Like any exploratory process, it is not possible to predict what one will find or what its eventual utility might be. That is the whole point of research -- investigating what we do not know. In other walks of life we have come to grips with the notion of stochastic phenomena that are not individually predictable, but can be

tackled as a group. Mutual fund managers do not expect every investment to have the same return, nor do actuaries expect every person to live precisely to the life expectancy. The whole point of a mutual fund or an insurance company, is to create a portfolio of unpredictable entities that in the aggregate yield to statistical prediction. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of research projects, and enough time to bring them to fruition, the track record is clear: Science is a tremendous, and very predictable investment.

6.科学研究本质上是一项把握性不高的事业。与任何探险过程一样，没人能预测会发生什么，最终的效用是什么。但这也正是研究的意义----去考察我们所不知道的。在其他行业里，人们所应对的是必然性，虽然个体不能预测，但其集合体是可以预测的，这样才能对偶然的现象进行预测。互利基金经理并不期望每次投资都会带来相同的回报，精算师也不期望每个人都会长命到老。互利基金或保险公司的目的在于，将单独不可预测的个体进行整合，分析，从而可以进行统计预测。若研究项目足够之多，并投入充足的时间保证它们的完成，跟踪记录会清晰表明：科学实际上是一项巨大的可预测的投资