河北职称英语2014与2013职称英语教材变化(部分)

一、2013、2014年职称英语(理工类)教材变化表

二、2014年教材文章变化详情 (一)阅读判断

3. A级变化比较大：

(1)增加了2篇(第十一篇bill gates：unleashing your creativity，第十四篇stage fright);

(2)由2013年的B级转化为A级的1篇(第十二篇study helps predict big Mediterranean quake)

(二)概括句子大意与完成句子

1. C级减少5篇(前5篇保留)。

2. 由2013年的C级转化为B级的5篇(第6、7、8、9、10篇)

3. 由2013年的B级转化为A级的2篇(第11、12篇)

(三)阅读理解

3. A级变化比较大：由2013年的B级转化为A级的7篇(第三十四篇～第四十篇)

(四)补全短文

1.C级新增一篇(第四篇 the bilingual brain);减少5篇(第六篇～第十篇)。

2.B级新增一篇(第十篇how deafness makes it easier to hear);由C级转为B级的四篇(第六、七、八、九篇)

3.C级新增一篇(第十五篇a memory drug);由B级转为A级两篇(第十一篇、第十二篇)

(五)完形填空

1.C级减少5篇(保留前5篇)。

2.由C级转为B级5篇(第六、七、八、九篇)。

3.由B级转为A级的两篇(第十一篇、第十二篇)。

注：考试大纲、词汇选项部分均未发生变化

第十五篇：A Memory Drug?(A级)

It’s difficult to imagine many things that people would welcome more than a memory- enhancing drug. 1 Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal. 1 __________

Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier finding,, linking LTP2 and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. 2 __________

Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors, more LTP, and improved performance on several different memory tasks -- learning a spatial layout3, recognizing familiar objects, and recalling a fear-inducing shock.

If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basis of memory can be translated to people- and that remains to be seen -- they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. 3__________ As exciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise.

How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school -- and as a result handicapped later in life?

4__________ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?

Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? 5 __________

注释：

1.As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。

2.LTP&NMDA：(Lon9—term Potentiation)给突触前纤维一个短暂的高频刺激后，突触传递效率和强度增加几倍且能持续数小时至几天保持这种增强的现象。LTP发现海马LTP可能是学习记忆的分子基础。1973年Bliss及其合作者，电刺激麻醉兔的内嗅皮层，使海马表层的穿通纤维兴奋，可在齿状回记录到场电位。先用高频电刺激几秒钟后，再用单个电刺激，记录到的部分场电位幅度大大超过原先记录的对照值,并可持续几小时，几天。这一现象称为长时程增强效应(LTP)。1983年发现NMDA(N一甲基一D一门冬氨酸)受体通道复合体在LTP过程中起重要作用，进一步深化了对LTP在大脑学习记忆中作用的理解。

3.a spatial layout：空间布局

4.Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but Can’t：增强记忆药对我们想忘记却又不能的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。take the sting out of：使„„易于被接受;使„„令人感到愉快

5.But could they also interfere with an individual’S ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience?中的come to terms with：让步;屈服

练习：

A Like steroids for bulking up the muscles,these drugs would bulk up memory.

B A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated with aging

and disease.

C What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace?

D We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future.

E There is a pill that you could take every day to allow you to remember everything.

F The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA2 receptor, which plays an important role in long-term memory by helping to initiate LTP.

答案与题解：

1.B依据上一句的“很难想象一种提高人们记忆力的药会受到人们吹捧”;下面应该对这一现象做出解释，即这种药物有什么疗效;而后一句的Furthermore这一指示词起到了递进的作用，进一步说明这种药物的益处。More than：非常，极其，十分

2.F前一句的关键词是gene、LTP和mice，它讲的是有些令人兴奋的证据是从研究中得出的;该研究基于早期连接LTP和记忆的发现，该结果确定了提高老鼠记忆的基因;而后一句进一步阐述这一发现，开头的mice可以是一个连接词。

3.A前一句讲：如果这种结果用于人类的话，人们就有可能把提高人的记忆力用于临床。这一句讲：就像类固醇用于提高人的肌肉能力，这种药物也可以提高人的记忆力。

4.C一般情况下，每一段的第一句都是本段的主题句。而该句是一个问句：这种提高记

忆力的药物用于职场有什么潜在的启示呢?紧接着本段其余几句都提出关于这种药物是否会职场的提升有什么影响的问题。

5.D本句是全文的最后一句。应该是总结性的。鉴于前面都列举了这种提高记忆力的药所面临的一系列问题，所以，我们在不久的将来要面临这些问题。

第十四篇：Stage Fright

Fall down as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav

Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,Mr. Feltsman said,

my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?

Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with

performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms:icy fingers, shaky limbs ,racing heart,blank mind.

Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't deny that you're jittery ,they urge; some excitement is natural,

even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.

Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests' some strategies for the moments before performance,

Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy

Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .

When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright.

It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir

Horowitz's

nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example.

Actually, success can make things worse.

Anderson added,

1.Stage Fright：怯场

2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre—performance panic.资深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，

因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。cure somebody of something(illness，problem)：医治好病(解决问题)。

3.„its symptoms：icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blank mind：怯场的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢发抖、心跳加速、大脑一片空白。

4.Teachers and psychologists offer wide? ranging advice，from basics like

learning pieces inside out„：老师和心理学家提出了方方面面的建议，从基础的做法，比如，将演奏曲目烂熟于

心„„inside out：in great detail(详细的，从里到外的)

5.I came to a point where I thought，‘If I have to go through this to play music，I think l’m goingto look for anotherjob.’我曾经一度认为，如果演出要经历这种慌乱，我宁可另找一份工作。

6.Recovery，he said，involved developing humility——recognizing that whatever his talent，he wasfallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.要克服怯场，就要学会谦虚，即认识到 不论自己有多大的才能，都可能犯错误;一场音乐会即使有不完美的地方，也不是要命的事情。

练习：

1. Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. There are many signs of stage fright.

A Right

C Not mentioned

3. Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme stage fright.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. If you have stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly audience.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案与题解：

1.B本文第一段讲的是钢琴家Vladimir Feltsman被Mstislav Rostropovich绊倒后，他的怯场被治愈了的经历。

2.A第二段的最后一句点出怯场的诸多症状：手指冰凉、四肢发抖、心跳加速、大脑一片空白。

3.B 本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在讲老师和心理学家为怯场者提供全方位的建议。

4.A依据第三段的倒数第二句：some excitement is natural，even necessary for dynamic playing.

(适度的兴奋对于精彩演出是正常甚至是必要的)

5.c第四段提到克服怯场的方法之一是：在观众中选择三名比较友善的人，与他们做眼

神交流。所以克服怯场要靠自己而不是指望所有的观众都友好。

6.A第五段讲了怯场的根源在于导师或父母对表演者要求太高。Extreme demands就是expect too much of them的意思。

7.B第七段讲的是：不只年轻艺术家会怯场，钢琴家Vladimir Horowitz和男高音Franco Corelli亦不能幸免。Never一词不恰当。

第十一篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity

I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place.

For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.

When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of

computer on every desk and in every home

And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.

I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and

inventiveness -- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.

Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.

Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it

But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many

people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of

people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.

I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.

My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.

As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.

I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest

problems is possible -- and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases,

new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.

I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for

technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and

willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.

注释：

1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于

2.It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not;compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with (与„„相比)。

3.They’re helping US build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to US，no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。

4.“tap—dancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”;tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“(手指)轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。

5.PC(personal computer)：个人计算机

6.But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways wecan put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。

7.go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语：

8.commit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。

9.no less„than：和„„一样，不亚于„„

10.and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’S lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immense difference in these children’S lives。

练习：

1. A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. To Bill Gates' mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor's children and the death of the rich's children.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案与题解：

1.A文章第三段中比尔?盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。

2.A文章第三段比尔?盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的期待。

3.B从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。

4.B在倒数第三段，比尔?盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。

5.c文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。

6.A倒数第四段比尔?盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。

7.C文章没有提到。

To Have and Have Not a similar

类似的

experience

体验经历

,' she said clearly. She

noted

注意

the

confused

迷乱的

look

on

myaf ceb ,u t

didn't

add

anything.

我发现了一些旧书，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。 “它们

看起来很有趣。

”我迟疑地

说。

“要想了解上面所写你必须有相似的

经历

“她清楚地说。

她察觉到我的脸上充满了疑惑可是却没有再说什

么。

She reached

伸出手臂

up for a small book which she handed to

me.'T hsi si the best book Icang vie you at hem oment' ,she

alughed“ I.y fouu se”. ti oIpenedht eb ookot nif dufti .l

or rather

有点

empty

空的

, with blank

没有信息的

white pages,

but paid

付款

her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming

embarrassed

局促不安的

when I realised

认识到

the notes

笔记

were

still

folded

折叠

into

little

paper

planes.

I

put

the

book

in my pocket

书包

, thanked her and left.

她伸出手拿了一本小书然后递给了我。

“这是目前我能够给你的最

好的书”

，她笑着说道，

“如果你要用它”

。我打开书发现全部是一

片空白，

但依然给了她向我要的几美元，

当我察觉到美元依然是纸飞

机的形状时不免有些尴尬。我把书放到包里，谢过她并离开了。

词汇：

impersonal

/im'p?:s?n?l/

adj.

客观的；非个人的；没有人情

味的；

[

语

]

非人称的

n.[

语

]

非人称动词；不具人格的事物

antique / n'ti:k/ adj.

古老的，年代久远的

n.

古董，古玩

startle /'st

ɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇

n.

惊愕，惊恐

arid / ' rid/ adj.

干旱的，枯萎的。毫无生气的

magnetic /m g'netik/ adj.

有吸引力的，磁极的

注释：

1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes.

Folding

them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest.

巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，

把纸币折成纸飞

机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。

2.

I

was

fascinated

by

the

experience

of

her

looking

straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her.

我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很

美妙，那种感觉是我既不是陌生人而且对她来说并不陌生。

3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an

oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created

huge shadows over everything.

房间的灯光也让我感觉和特别，

灯光来自天花板上的油灯，

使一

切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。

练习：

1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?

A) To enjoy the good weather.

B) To have a change of scene

现场

.

C) To spend all his winnings.

D) To get away

脱身

from the crew

一群

.

1. B

本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本文第

一段第一句可以得出答案。

在宾馆是十分无聊的，

最后一句也写出作

者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，

A

，

C

选项错误，

D

选项未提及。

2. What attracted

吸引

the writer to the shop?

A) The lack

缺乏

of a sign

记号

or name.

B) The fact that it was nearby.

C) The empty window display.

展览

D) The light coming from inside.

2. D

本题的问题是：是什么吸引作者到那个商店？由第二

段中间“

there

was

an

appealing

吸引人的

glow

发光

inside.

”

可

以得出答案。

A

，

C

选项不切题。

B

选项未提及。

3.

The

writer

found

the

stock

库

存

in

the

front

of

the

shop__________.

A) of top quality

B) of good value

C) difficult to get at

D) badly displayed

3.

A

本题的问题是：作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎

样的？从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。“

On

one

wall

there hung three hand-stitched

手工缝制

American quilts

壁毯

that were in such wonderful condition they might have been

newly-made. I came across tin

罐头

toys

玩具

and antique

古老

的

furniture

家居

, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster

guitar

吉

他

,

also

in

excellent

卓

越

的

condition.

”

4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?

A) It made him feel self-conscious.

害羞的忸怩

B) She was happy to stare at

凝视

him.

C) She seemed to know him well.

D) It made him want to look away.

4. C

本题的问题是：那个女人看他的方式有什么不同？由

第四段最后一句“

I was fascinated

着迷的

by the experience

感

受

oh ferol oknigs rtagihni totm ea ,ndb yht eef enilght aI t

was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.

”有一种似曾相识

的感觉。

5.

The

writer

disliked

不

喜

欢

the

back

room

后

屋

because__________.

A) there was hardly

几乎不

anything in it

B) she had ordered him to go there

C) he saw nothing he really liked

D) it was too dark to look around

5.C

本体的问题是：

作者不喜欢后屋的原因？从文中的第六

段和第七段可以得出结论，“It

was

also

obvious

that

it

must

have

taken

years,

decades,

to

collect

so

much

rubbish,

so

many

old

documents 他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。

文件

arid

干燥的

papers.”“I

noticed

some

old

books,

whose

gold

lettering

字体

had

faded,

褪色

making

their

titles

一

种

impossible

不

可

能

to

read.

'They

look

interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 犹豫着

”