铝胺高性能水基钻井液的研究与应用
第25卷第4期 钻 井 液 与 完 井 液 Vol. 25No. 42008年7月 DRILL IN G FL U ID &COM PL ETION FL U ID J uly 2008
文章编号:100125620(2008) 0420023203
铝胺高性能水基钻井液的研究与应用
王树永
(胜利石油管理局黄河钻井总公司, 山东东营)
摘要 , 评价了胺基聚醇(有机胺类) A P 21和铝聚合物DL P 21。营722平2井三开后因严重井塌无法施工, 被迫填井侧钻, , 转换为铝胺高性能水基钻井液后顺利完钻。辛1762斜12, 地层微裂缝发育, 同时泥岩中蒙皂石含量高、水敏性强, 。以上2口井的现场试验应用证明, 。
关键词 井眼稳定 胺基聚醇 铝聚合物中图分类号:TE254. 3
文献标识码:A
近年来, 国外开发出了一种新型的高性能水基钻井液(H PWBM ) , 该体系已广泛应用于各种复杂的钻井作业。特别是在文献[1]中该体系被列入水基钻井液一栏中, 说明了对其的重视程度。但是在中国, 这方面的研究才刚刚起步。对优选出的高性能水基钻井液的2种主要处理剂胺基聚醇(有机胺类) A P 21和铝聚合物DL P 21, 从井壁稳定方面与常用防塌材料进行了对比实验, 并在2口井壁严重坍塌的井上试验应用了铝胺高性能水基钻井液[2]。
的四羟基铝阴离子; 当p H 值在5~6之间时, 它会生成氢氧化铝沉淀。DL P 21的这种性质可以用于稳定井壁, 因为钻井液一般呈碱性, 地层水p H 值一般为5~6, 利用氢氧化铝在页岩孔喉或微裂缝内的沉积作用, 可显著增强井壁稳定性[4]。
2 室内实验
2. 1 岩屑回收率实验
1 胺基聚醇AP 21和铝聚合物DL P 21
铝胺高性能水基钻井液的主要处理剂是具有独
特井壁稳定效果的A P 21和DL P 21。
A P 21分子链中引入了胺基官能团, 这种独特的分子结构使A P 21很好地镶嵌在黏土层间, 并使黏土层紧密结合在一起, 降低了黏土吸收水分的趋势。实验表明,A P 21抑制页岩膨胀的机理不同于普通聚醚多元醇, 它主要是通过胺基特有的吸附起作用, 而不是通过驱除页岩层空间内的水起作用[3]。A P 21还是一种高效防泥包剂, 它能在金属和岩石表面形成一层油膜, 使金属和钻屑表面的润湿性发生改变, 防止钻屑的聚结和黏附, 从而提高机械钻速。
在适当的条件下,DL P 21中的铝元素会生成一种两性氢氧化物, 当p H 值较高时, 它会生成水溶性
岩屑取自胜利油田营722平2井井深2900m 处, 经水洗、风干、粉碎、过孔径为2. 00~3. 20mm 的筛后备用, 实验结果见表1。由表1可见, A P 21溶液具有极高的页岩回收率, 特别是二次回收率和三次回收率均较高, 表明其具有良好的抑制页岩膨胀作用; 由于阳离子的作用,A P 21在泥页岩上的吸附也非常牢固, 有利于井壁的长期稳定。2. 2 岩心浸泡实验
取盐162井井深2700m 处的岩屑, 水洗、风干、粉碎、过孔径为0. 154mm 的筛后用压模机以8M Pa 的压力压成岩心备用。
开始时, 水中的岩心有少量散落, 岩心稍变细, 底部有稀浆;3%SYP 21溶液中的岩心顶部有松软毛边;3%聚醚、3%AP 21溶液中的岩心基本无变化; 7%NaCl溶液中的岩心四周呈块状剥落, 剥落迅速;
第一作者简介:王树永, 工程师,1971年生,1992年毕业于石油大学(华东) 泥浆专业, 现在从事钻井液技术管理工作。地
址:山东省东营市西四路565号胜利石油管理局黄河钻井总公司技术科; 邮政编码257000; 电话(0546) 8723420; E 2mail :
zj5wsy @sina.com 。
钻 井 液 与 完 井 液 2008年7月24
7%KCl 溶液中的岩心底部有微小翘起;7%水玻璃
3%SMP 2Ⅱ+0. 5%SF21+1%DLP 21+0. 5%DSP22+2%KF T +青石粉
表2 优选钻井液的性能
实验条件
试验液
一次
水
1. 5%SYP211. 5%聚醚1. 5%AP 211. 5%DLP 217%NaCl7%KCl7%水玻璃3%水玻璃1. 0%AP 21+3%DLP 211. 5%AP21+5%KCl
40. 8264. 1448. 0478. 9636. 5275. 4275. 6077. 8069. 24
溶液中岩心四周有环状剥落, 剥落缓慢;3%DLP 21溶液中的岩心无变化。
表1 岩屑回收率实验结果
岩屑回收率/%
二次
17. 7445. 7625. 284836. 7634. 1641. 2641. 4658. 6054. 44
ρ
g/cm 31. 201. PV Y P FL FL HTHP
mPa ・s 34Pa 1319
mL 5. 03. 2
mL 12. 514. 5
三次
8. 9832. 5013. 4651. 6619. 11. 1021. 8631. 1221. 3235. 7437. 46
室温
120℃h
配方中的7h 线性膨胀量分别和3. 169mm ; 一次岩屑回收率分别为40. 82%和98. 28%; 二次岩屑回收率分别为17. 74%和96. 72%, 由此可以看出1#配方的线性
膨胀量降低率为68. 48%, 二次岩屑回收率的提高
率为445. 20%。
3 铝胺高性能水基钻井液的现场应用
3. 1 营722平2井
营722平2井位于济阳坳陷东营凹陷中央隆起
2h 后, 水中的岩心变细, 散落继续增多, 底部
有稀浆;3%SYP 21、3%聚醚、3%AP 21溶液中的岩心均有少量散落;7%NaCl溶液中的岩心开始呈块状迅速剥落, 留有较细尖的柱状, 四周坍塌;7%KCl 溶液中的岩心上部出现少量环状剥落;7%水玻璃溶液中的岩心上部四周翘起; 3%DLP 21溶液中的岩心基本无变化。
24h 后, 水、3%SYP 21、3%聚醚溶液中的岩心
带, 是开发沙三段的一口水平井, 设计井深为3703m , 下入
) 加量到滤失量, 提高沥青粉(软化点为100~130℃5%, 增加聚合醇防塌剂的用量, 适当提高钻井液密
度等措施, 但效果均不明显。将钻井液密度提高到1. 45g/cm 3后出现严重的压差卡钻, 该段施工钻井
严重散落; 3%AP 21溶液中的岩心变化不大; 7%KCl 、3%DLP 21溶液中的岩心变化不大。
72h 后, 水、3%聚醚溶液中的岩心完全坍塌; 3%SYP 21溶液中的岩心基本坍塌; 3%AP 21溶液
液配方如下。
4%膨润土+1%PAM+1%SF21+3%SMP 2Ⅱ+2%KF T +3%沥青粉FF 22+2%聚合醇S YP 21+7%原油+烧碱+重晶石
中的岩心中间裂开一条缝, 散落较多;7%KCl 溶液中的岩心出现裂缝后变化不大, 岩心较硬; 3%DL P 21溶液中的岩心稍变粗, 无掉块。
102h 后,3%AP 21、7%KCl溶液中的岩心完全
钻至井深2920m 时, 井塌现象已非常严重。
为了解决井壁稳定问题, 决定将钻井液转换为铝胺高性能水基钻井液。对加入DL P 21、A P 21前后的钻井液性能进行了对比, 实验结果见表3。
在井浆中加入2%AP 21和1%DLP 21后, 第1个循环周井下掉块明显减少, 第2循环周掉块消失, 起下钻顺利。在旋转钻进过程中还有少量掉块, 下钻到底后返出部分掉块, 说明钻具碰撞对井壁稳定影响较大。营722平2井应用铝胺高性能水基钻井液顺利钻至设计井深, 完井作业顺利。钻井液性能见表4。
坍塌;3%DLP 21溶液中的岩心形状仍变化不大。
对比岩心浸泡实验现象可以判断, 3%DLP 21稳定岩心的效果最好,7%KCl 和3%AP 21稳定岩心的效果也较好。2. 3 钻井液优选实验
优选出的钻井液配方如下, 钻井液性能见表2。1# 3%钠膨润土+0. 3%PAM+1%AP 21+
第25卷第4期 王树永:铝胺高性能水基钻井液的研究与应用
表3 加入DLP 21、AP 21前后钻井液性能对比钻井液配方
实验
PV
Y P
FL
Gel
25
表5 转换后的铝胺钻井液性能
井深
m [**************]83ρ
g/cm 31. 531. 541. 551. 551. 60
FV FL PV Y P Gel FL HTHP MB T
条件mPa ・s 热滚前18. 0热滚后20. 0热滚前21. 0热滚后24. 0热滚前17. 0热滚后18. 0热滚后21. 0
Pa 25. 546. 526. 031. 024. 027. 528. 026. 0
mL Pa/Pa s [1**********]mL mPa ・s 22221
60465272
Pa 16. 015. 00530. 0
Pa/Pa 3/62/82/97/126/125/11
mL g/L
井浆
1. 613. 5/21. 52. 852. 0/75. 01. 422. 0/38. 02. 023. 0/48. 01. 612. 0/21. 02. 019. 0/32. 01. 615. 0/27. 2. 23335
井浆+1%DLP 21井浆+1%AP 21
231512
21
井浆+1%DLP 21热滚前17. 0
+2%AP 21
:在150℃、4. 2MPa 条件下测定。
注:热滚条件为120℃、16h 表4 井深
m [**************]8
采用铝胺高性能水基钻井液开窗侧钻后, 钻井液性能稳定, 振动筛返出的砂样棱角清晰, 井壁无坍塌、掉块现象, 起下钻正常, 顺利钻至井深3577m 完钻。
Gel
FL HTHP
Y P
ρ
g/cm 31. 431. 451. 421. 45
FV PV
s 49535479
mL 2. 82. 42. 42. 0
mPa ・s 25212032
Pa 6. 513. 017. 030. 0
Pa/Pa 3/135/145/85/12
mL 13. 012. 09. 06. 5
4 结论及建议
110. 5%AP 21使钻井液具有优良的页岩抑制
性,0. 5%AP 21一次、二次和三次岩屑回收率均大于
85%, 高于7%NaCl、7%KCl 、3%水玻璃和其他聚醚产品, 而且A P 21一次、二次和三次岩屑回收率变化不大, 说明A P 21具有阳离子强吸附、强抑制的特点, 是配制高性能水基钻井液的优良页岩抑制剂。
21DL P 21不仅具有优良的页岩抑制性, 同时其
3. 2 辛1762斜12井
辛1762斜12井是位于济阳坳陷东营凹陷中央隆起带的一口三开定向井, 目的层为沙三段地层, 下入
3%膨润土+0. 3%PAM+1%SF21+2%KF T +3%SMP 21+3%FF22+2%AP 21+1. 5%DLP 21+1%NaOH +重晶石
独特的封堵特性对解决微裂缝发育的泥页岩的垮塌具有良好作用。
31以A P 21和DL P 21为主处理剂的高性能水
基钻井液对解决因水化不均匀或层理微裂隙发育引起的井壁垮塌, 表现出良好的井壁稳定效果。
41DL P 21对钻井液中的黏土含量较敏感, 黏土
含量高时,DL P 21易导致钻井液黏度和切力升高。
51对A P 21和DL P 21复配评价时, 一些性能指
标均比评价单一处理剂时要低, 其原因和机理还需要做进一步研究。
参考文献
[1] World Oil ’Fluids Guide 2006. W orl d Oil , 2006,6:612
92
[2] 王建华, 鄢捷年, 丁彤伟. 高性能水基钻井液研究进展.
钻井液与完井液,2007,24(1) :71275
[3] 张克勤, 何纶, 安淑芳, 等. 国外高性能钻井液介绍. 钻
井液与完井液,2007,24(3) :68273
[4] 张启根, 陈馥, 刘彝, 等. 国外高性能水基钻井液技术发
展现状. 钻井液与完井液,2007,24(3) :74277
(收稿日期2008204216; H GF =0804N9; 编辑 王小娜)
DRILL IN G FLUID &COMPL ETION FLUID J uly 200884
K ey w ords Oil well cementing ; Cement slurries ; Annular pressure ; Pressure relief model
First author ’s address The 2nd Oil Production T echnology Service Department of CNPC Changqing Petroleum , Qingcheng , G ansu 745100, China
Methods and App aratus for Sh ale H ydration E xperim ents. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :13215Authors XU Jia 2fang , QIU Zheng 2song , HAN Feng 2xin
Abstract A test method for measuring shale hydration stress was constructed , and the test devices originally used were modified based on laboratory researches on the mechanism and influential factors stress. Using the method and the devices , shale hydration stress can be results showed very good repeatability and accuracy. It was concluded from the test hydration pressure ap 2peared a certain period of time after the start of , the periodic sloughing of the water sensitive formations. K ey w ords Shales ; Bore hole ; Hydration stress ; Experimental devices First author ’s address , University of Petroleum (East China ) , Dongying 257061, China
R esearches on the W ater B lock in Low Perm eability R eservoir and Minimized 2reservoir 2d am age Drilling F luid T echnol 2ogy. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :16219
Authors FAN Wen 2yong , SHU Y ong L I Li , YAN Jie 2nian
Abstract Low permeability reservoirs have characteristics such as high argillaceous cement content , high water sat 2uration , high capillary pressure , highly water sensitive , small pore throats , poor permeability , complex struc 2tures , highly inhomogeneous , and high resistance to flow , and often are accompanied by naturally fractures. Re 2searches had proved that water block was the most important cause for permeability impairment , with impairment percent of 70%290%.This paper analyzed from different aspects the sources and the influential factors of water block. An amphoteric polymer sulfonate drilling fluid was developed with multiple functions , minimal damage to reservoir permeability , and ultra 2low filter loss. This drilling fluid is beneficial to the development of low 2permea 2bility reservoirs.
K ey w ords Amphoteric polymer sulfonate drilling fluids ; Prevent formation damage ; Performance evaluation ; Low 2permeability reservoirs
First author ’s address DOE K ey Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, China
The Study and Application of a H igh Perform ance Stiff Fo am Mud. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :20222Authors HUAN G Wen 2hong , L IU Wei , YAN GJi 2xiang
Abstract Stiff foam drilling fluids have found wide application in oil fields where applicable because of their ability in enhancing ROP , minimizing permeability impairment , and improving hole cleaning and contamination tolerance of the mud. T o run the stiff foam mud in formations in which high temperature , high salinity formation water , and crude oil contamination might be encountered , a stiff foam mud formulated with 2high performance viscosifiers and foam stabilizing agents , and a high performance foaming agent , TSB. The application of this foam mud on wells BJ7168and Bai22was proved successful.
K ey w ords Stiff foam drilling fluids ; Drilling fluid formulation ; Drilling fluid performance ; Under 2balanced drilling ; Field application First author ’s address Chemical Assay Center of the Research Institute of Drilling Engineering , CNPC X injiang Pe 2troleum , K aramay , X injiang 834000, China
The Studies and Application of W ater B ase Drilling F luids T reated w ith A luminum and Amine C ompou nds. D FCF , 2008,25(4) :23225Author W AN G Shu 2yong
Vol. 25,No. 4 ABSTRACT 85Abstract High performance drilling fluids formulated with aluminum polymer and amine became the hotspot of the drilling fluid technology in recent years. In laboratory researches , an amine , AP 21, and an aluminum polymer , DL P 21, were tested by their inhibitive capacity using hot rolling and core soaking tests. A new mud formulated with these two compounds was used in Well Y ing722Ping2, in which drilling had been forced to stop because of the severe instability of the bore hole wall. This well was plugged back and sidetracked. At a depth of 2,920m , drill 2ing became very difficult because of bore hole wall collapse. Then the amine 2aluminum polymer mud was tried in this well. In another well X in1762X ie12, fractured formations with high content of led to severe bore hole collapse during drilling , and it was decided to try the amine mud. Both wells were successfully drilled to total depths and completed. It was amine 2mud is suitable for drilling unstable formations with developed fractures constituents. K ey w ords High performance water base drilling ; Amino poly alcohols ; Aluminum polymers. The author ’s address of Shengli Petroleum Administration , Dongying , Shandong 257000, China
The Developm ent and E of a Multi 2purpose Drilling F luid Additive. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :26228Author HUAN G Xue 2jing
Abstract Humic acids as drilling fluid additive had some defects and needed to be molecularly modified for better functioning in drilling fluids. Based on the analyses of the molecular structure of humic acids , molecular modifica 2tion was done to humic acids by graft copolymerization. Some molecular groups with higher temperature stability and salt tolerance were introduced to the humic acids molecules to increase their molecular weight. The modified product had improved viscosifying , filtration control and inhibitive capacity. Furthermore , this new product was much more stable at elevated temperatures. The polymerization reaction was fast and easy to conduct , and was an exothermic reaction , with the solvents being evaporated during reaction. K ey w ords Filtration control agents ; Humic acids ; Graft copolymerization ; Drilling fluids The author ’s address Research Institute of Production Engineering , PetroChina Daqing Oilfield , Daqing , Hei 2longjiang 163453, China
The Laboratory Prep aration and E valu ation of a Emulsified W ax. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :29230
Authors TIAN Y e , ZHAN GJing 2chang , ZUO Feng 2jiang , ZHAN G Y a 2xin , HOU Shi 2dong , HE Y ong 2bo , L IU Y ing , K OU Hai 2cheng
Abstract A wax manufacturing technique using phase reversion method was studied in laboratory. Emulsified wax prepared with this technique was evaluated on its performance in comparison with other similar products. The e 2mulsified wax made under optimum reaction conditions has good stability and dispersion performances. The freez 2ing point of the wax is reduced to -10℃because of the addition of a polyhydric alcohol at 2%as an antifreeze. The lubricity and inhibitive capacity of drilling fluids treated with small amount of this wax can be greatly im 2proved , without sacrificing the rheology of the drilling fluids treated. K ey w ords Drilling fluid additives ; Wax (or paraffin ) ; Emulsification ; Lubricity ; Inhibition First author ’s address College of Science , Beijing University of Chemical T echnology , Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029, China
The Application of the Modified G rey Model in Forecasting the S ensitivity of R eservoirs. D FCF ,2008,25(4) :31233Author W AN G Qing 2hua
Abstract The algorithm of the grey theory was modified to enhance its resolution in evaluating and forecasting the sensitivity of reservoirs. A new grey precise 2prediction entropy model was established. Cores from Halaer oilfield were analyzed using the original grey theory and the modified model. The modified model gave a much higher reso 2lution of forecasting results , and found a wider application in the analyses of various cores. K ey w ords Prevent formation damage ; Reservoir sensitivity ; Forecast ; Grey theory