研究生英语翻译讲义4
区分主从
1. 行为、方式的主从
表示方式和状态的部分应从属于表示行为或动作的谓语部分或表语部分。
例1:游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗走过天安门广场。
The paraders through Tian’anmen Square, flowers and banners in their hands. (carry, march)
例2:在旧社会,杂技演员终年流浪街头,饥寒交迫。
In the old society, the acrobats had to in the streets all the year round, cold and hunger. (wander about, suffer from)
例3:全国人民紧密团结在党中央周围,朝气蓬勃,奋勇前进。
round the Party Central Committee, the whole people of our
country . (rally closely, advance, with vigor and velour)
例4:一个中年妇女抱着婴儿,急急忙忙在赶路。
A middle-aged woman was walking hurriedly on.
例5:一队民兵从街上走过去,肩上背着枪,头上包着白毛巾。
A column of militiamen walked past the street 2. 手段与目的的主从
表示方法和手段的部分一般应从属于表示目的的部分。
例1:你可以运用词干和构词法的知识,猜测生词的意思。
例2:我们依靠自己的力量改善生活质量。
例3:学生们听磁带学习英语发音。
3. 原因与结果的主从
表示原因或条件部分一般应从属于表示结果的部分。
例1:电子表价格便宜,计时准确,在我们生活中使用的越来越广泛。
Electronic watches, 例2:听说这个大的工厂几年前创建时只有6名工人,我们都很吃惊。
We were astonished that there were only six workers in that huge factory when it started a few years ago.
例3:去年秋天,我接到全国总工会的邀请,到北京参加国庆节庆祝活动。
of All-China Federation of Trade Unions, I went to Beijing to attend the National Day celebrations.
例4:你站在风里,就会感到有一股力在推你。
, you will feel a force pushing against you.
例5:没有现代化的科学技术,就不可能实现四个现代化。
modern science and technology, we couldn’t realize the four modernizations.
汉译英常见错误
一、选择恰当的词填空
1. The traffic in many big cities is getting more and more (A) crowded
(B) congested
2. But the speed of a car is much than that of a bicycle.
(A) higher
(B) faster
3. Now the price of milk is so that everyone can afford it.
(A) low
(B) cheap
4. A policy must be adopted
(A) strong
(B) tough
5. The government tries to the standard of living.
(A) raise
(B) improve
6. Although he did not express them, I could his thoughts.
(A) read
(B) see
7. I could something from the tone of his voice.
(A) hear
(B) tell
8. I’m afraid it is impossible for us to such a request.
(A) agree with
(B) grant
9. The local people don’t seem to the hot weather.
(A) mind
(B) be afraid of
10. I should study hard, otherwise I would .
(A) lag behind
(B) be backward
11. It is important to
(A) be punctual
(B) obey the time
12. He said that he . He was an excuse.
(A) slept very late……. looking for
(B) stayed up late……. making
13. Smoking is harmful for ’t .
(A) your body…… learn from him
(B) health…… follow his example
14. He only said a few and then let us discuss.
(A) words
(B) sentences
15. I have to the long road.
(A) take
(B) go
16. Most children want to be independent their parents
(A) on
(B) of
17. I English from my uncle.
(A) learned
(B) studied
18. We free medical care.
(A) enjoy
(B) are entitled to
19. We should (A) reduce unemployment
(B) solve employment problem
20. The machine wants (A) repairing
(B) to repair
二、判断以下翻译句子哪个是正确的。
1. 经济是一个大问题。
(A) Economy is a big problem.
(B) Economy is an important question.
2. 这也使民族精神获得了新的解放。
(A) This has also further liberated the nation ideologically.
(B) This has also further liberated the national spirit.
3. 有一点我不喜欢他,那就是他过于自信了。
(A) The one thing about him that I dislike is his overconfidence.
(B) The one characteristic about him that I dislike is his overconfidence.
4. 这对加强国防十分重要。
(A) This is fundamental to the building up of China’s national defense.
(B) This is fundamental to the strengthening of China’s national defense.(5. 他们害怕竞争对手变得强大起来。
(A) They fear the emergence of their rivals.
(B) They are afraid of the emergence of their rivals.
6. 你不要太急,我比你还急。
(A) Please don’t be too impatient. Actually, I’m more impatient than you are.
(B) Please don’t be too anxious. Actually, I’m more anxious than you are.
7. 恐怖分子的暴行激起了人民极大的愤怒。
(A) The violence of the terrorists roused the people to great anger.
(B) The atrocities of the terrorists roused the people of great indignation.
8. 我们总要相信,全世界也好,中国也好,多数人是好人。
(A) We must believe that in China, as everywhere else in the world, the majority of the people are good.
(B) We must believe that in China and in the whole world, the majority of the people are good.
9. 结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。
(A) Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
(B) The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
10. 他们采取了有效措施。
(A) They have adopted measures.
(B) They have adopted effective measures.
1. 相互了解,是建立互信关系的前提。
(A) Mutual understanding is the basis for mutual trust relations.
(B) Mutual understanding is the basis for establishing mutual trust.
2. 他对现时的信息产业的发展情况感到乐观。
a) He is optimistic about the present development of information industry.
b) He is optimistic about the status of present development of information industry.
3. 我想土地荒漠化的问题总不能再被忽视了!
a) The soil desertification, in my view, is an issue that cannot be ignored.
b) The soil desertification, in my view, should not be ignored.
4. 过快地要求一个国家开放它的资本市场,过分的资本流动性,往往是欲速则不达。
a) To urge a country to liberalize or open its capital market too quickly or to ask or to request an
overflow of capital in a country would only be what we say “more haste, less speed”.
b) To urge a country to liberalize or open its capital market too quickly or to ask or to request an
overflow of capital in a country would only result in what we say “more haste, less speed”.
5. 另外,有些人比较担心核电站的安全问题。
a) And another question is some people who are worried about the safety of nuclear power plants. b) And another question is there are some people who are worried about the safety of nuclear power
plants.
6. 七年前,也是三月份,开过一次会,我讲过话。主要讲了两个意思,两句话。
a) Seven years ago, also in the month of March, we held another conference at which I spoke. I
talked mainly about two points, two sentences.
b) Seven years ago, also in March, we held another conference at which I spoke. I talked mainly
about two points that can be summarized in two sentences.
7. 我一两年前去过一次上海,那里确实是一派兴旺气象。
a) I visited Shanghai a couple of years ago and found the economy flourishing.
b) I visited Shanghai a couple of years ago and the economy there is really flourishing.
8. 要提倡科学,靠科学才有希望。
a) We must promote science, and rely on science, then we have hopes.
b) We must promote science, for that is where our hopes lies.
9. 抓住机会,拓展自己,关键是要自强。
a) I am to seize opportunities and promote myself, it is crucial to strive to become stronger.
b) If I am to seize opportunities to promote myself, it is crucial to strive to become stronger.
10. 也就是说,我们要把中国建成民主文明的现代化强国。
a) In other word, we shall build China into a strong, democratic and civilized modern country.
b) In other words, we shall build China into a strong, democratic and culturally advanced modern
country.
三、改正下列错误的译文
1. 到公园去怎么走?
How shall I go to the park?
2. 那个讲座是在星期五从两点钟开始。
The lecture is from two o’clock on Friday.
3. 中国的风景很美。
The sceneries of China are very fine.
4. 他们没有房子住。
They have no houses to live.
5. 比起福克纳他更喜欢海明威。
He likes better Hemingway than Faulkner.
6. 这块表要修理。
This watch wants to mend.
7. 全家人在九点钟上教堂做礼拜。
The family go to the church at 9 o’clock.
8. 那年我身体很好,但在那前一年我生病了。
I was quite well that year, but ill the last year.
9. 那条沉没的船不可能捞起来。
It is impossible to raise the sunk ship.
1. 你早上来吧,不要晚上来。
Come in the morning instead of the evening.
2. 因为一连几天在下雨,他只得待在家里。
Having rained for successive days, he had to stay at home.
3. 写作的技巧比起其他艺术的技巧来相当困难。
The technique of writing is rather difficult comparing with that of the other arts.
4. 他的英语水平比我的高。
The level of his English is higher than that of mine.
5. 这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。
The national key university has sent batches of qualified talents for the society.
6. 二十年来,我国的航天事业从胜利走向新的胜利。
In the past twenty years, our aeronautics cause has won victories one after another.
7. 这在理顺价格方面起积极作用。
All this played an active role in rationalizing prices.
8. 一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局。
A locality has its own over-all interest, a nation has its own over-all interest and the earth its own over-all interest.
19. 他们要到海外看望家人和亲属。
They are going to visit their family members and relatives overseas.
9. 他的工作作风是以大刀阔斧、严厉著称。
His style of work is a kind of taking bold and drastic actions and also of being quite stem.
10. 他为人处世的原则是一贯的,有三句话,第一句…..。
His tenet of bearing himself is consistent and there are three sentences. First…
11. 要做出决定,你应该考虑各种因素。
To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.
12. 他大学毕业后,他父亲想让他去日本继续深造。
After graduating from college, his father wanted him to pursue education in Japan.
13. 这里的气候像北京。
The climate here is like Beijing.
14. 他本来想要多给你一点帮助的,只是他太忙了。
He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
15. 许多人不但不植树,反而砍树。
Many people not only don’t plant trees but also cut trees.
16. 那地方像江南三月那么温暖。
The place is as warm as March of south of Yangtze River.
17. 我不喜欢喝酒。——我兄弟也是一样。
I dislike to drink.—Neither does my brother.
28. 我的教授主张我去申请奖学金。
My professor suggested me to apply for a scholarship.
29. 他虽然生病了但是仍去上学了。
Though he was ill, but he went to school.
30. 我们登得越高,天气越冷。
We ascended the higher, it became the colder.
四、翻译以下短文
1. 说起中国古代文明,人们都熟知“四大发明”——造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术,他们对于世界文化、军事、交通等发展起着无可估量的作用。实际上中华民族对世界文明的杰出贡献远不只是“四大发明。
2. 人类顶大的长处是智慧。但什么是智慧呢?智慧有一个要点,就是要冷静。譬如:正在计算数目、思索道理的时候,如果心里气恼,或喜乐,或悲伤,必致错误或简直不能进行,这是大家都明白的事。但是一般人对于解决社会问题,偏不明此理。他们总是为感情所蔽,而不能静心体察事理,从事理中寻出解决的办法。
3. 旅游业的发展势必耗资巨大,古老的建筑需要维护;现代的宾馆需要兴建;新的航线需要开辟;外语培训,尤其是英语培训需要进行。大量的资金定会花费在广告宣传方面,包括设立旅游办事处、印刷宣传资料以及拍摄电视片等。
4. 人们普遍认为理论基于实践。例如,伽利略 (Galileo),他将他对自然规律的研究基于实验和观测。正是通过观测,他证实了太阳是太阳系中心的理论。同样,邓小平同志的有关建设有中国特色的社会主义理论也是建立在当今中国革命实践的基础上。毫无疑问,没有实践,就不可能有科学的理论。