中考代词知识点
代词知识点
考点一、人称代词
分为主格和宾格
主格:在句子中充当主语,是动作的执行者。
宾格:在句子中充当宾语,是动作的承担者。
用法:动词、介词后面用人称代词的宾格(动介之后用人宾),在句中作表语时常用宾格
He often beats me. / Look at her, her dress is very beautiful. / It’s me.
★★it的用法:
①作形式主语
eg:It is very important to learn English well. 真正的主语是后面的to learn English well —To Learn English well is very important.
②作形式宾语
eg:I found it is important to learn English well. 真正的宾语是后面的to learn English well —I found to learn English well is important.
③指代时间、天气、人等
eg:It’s 9 o’clock. / It’s Monday today. / It was sunny yesterday. / It’s me.
④用于强调句中
eg:It is Li Ming who is a dictor.
⑤用于前面提到的单数名词
eg:I have a pen, it is black.
★两个或两个人称代词连用时,要注意:
单数时—2-3-1(你-他-我)自己始终放在最后面
eg:You, he and I will go to Badong. / The teacher wants you, Jim and me to have a rest. 复数时—1-2-3(我-你-他)
eg:We, you and the twins want to eat some candy.
考点二、物主代词
形容词性物主代词(形物代)& 名词性物主代词(名物代)
用法:① 是用形物代还是名物代,要看它后面紧跟的那个词。如果是名词,就用形物代,构成形容词+名词结构(用
形容词修饰名词);如果不是名词,就用名物代,在末尾的一定用名物代。
② 除了my-mine, his-his, its-its不一样,其他的名物代都是在形物代的基础上加s
③ 名物代=形物代+名词
eg:Is this your bag? –No, it is hers. (her bag)
④ 形物代后加own表示强调,“完全属于自己的,自己的”
eg:This is my own car. / Children should have their own free time.
⑤ 在许多固定短语中要用形物代
eg:do one’s homework, do / try one’s best, lose one’s way, on one’s way to…, hold one’s breath,
make up one’s mind, save one’s life
考点三、反身代词——oneself
记忆窍门:① 第一、二人称是由形物代+self (selves)的形式构成
② 第三人称是由宾格+self (selves)的形式构成
③ 由self变为selves可简单看做self变复数
用法:①反身代词常用在动词、介词后充当宾格(动介之后用人宾)
常见的反身代词短语:
help oneself (to…) 随便吃…
enjoy oneself=have a good time 某人玩得愉快
dress oneself 某人自己穿衣
buy oneself sth. 给某人自己买东西-I bought myself some chicken just now.
teach oneself = learn…by oneself 某人自学
talk to oneself 某人自言自语
call oneself… 自称…
hurt oneself 伤害某人自己
wash oneself 某人自己洗澡
★be oneself 做某人完全的自己-You should be yourself and work harder.
do sth. oneself 某人自己做某事
save oneself 某人自救
look after oneself 某人照顾好自己-You should look after yourself when you aren’t at home.
kill oneself 自杀
②★当主语和宾语指同一个人,则用反身单词作宾语;反之则用宾格作宾语
eg:Did she buy herself a dog? / Did her father buy her a dog.
③反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调作用
eg:I myself can do this work well.(作主语的同位语)
You should ask the teacher yourself.(作宾语的同位语)
④反身代词不能单独作主语,但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,可作主语
eg:My brother and myself went there yesterday.
Jim’s elder brother and himself go to school at 7:00 every day.
考点四、指示代词
用法:① this和these)
eg:This is an apple. / These are some bananas.
② that和those指代远处的事物,that是单数(that is),those是复数(those are)
eg:That is Nancy. / Those are my classmates.
③ this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,that和those常指上文提过的事物
eg:I want to say this to you: He is an honest boy.
He was ill, that’s why he didn’t come.
He broke the window, and that cost him 10 dollars.
④ 为了避免重复,that和those还有代词的作用,that指代单数,those指代复数
The air here is fresher than the air in Wuhan.
——The air is fresher than that in Wuhan.
The people in China is much bigger than the people in Japan.
——The people in China is much bigger than those in Japan.
⑤ 在电话中,that用来询问,this用来介绍自己
This is Mary speaking, who’s that?
same的用法:①作主语——The same happened once.
②作表语——What I want to do is the same.
③作宾语——I’ll do the same.
④the same常与as连用,意为“同…一样”——He feels the same as I did yesterday.
so的用法:①简略回答中,在believe, think, suppose, imagine等词后用so代替前文的观点——肯定&否定 eg:I think so. / I don’t think so.
②用在hope, guess后的简略回答中,代替前文提到的观点,只能用在肯定句中
eg:I hope (guess) so. / I hope (guess) not.
考点五、不定代词
分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词
1、普通不定代词
(1)初中阶段常用普通不定代词,如下:
(2)普通不定代词的用法
① some和any
联系&区别:A) some和any可数复和不可数通吃
B) some用于肯定和委婉语气疑问句中,或期待一个肯定回答
eg:Did somebody call me this morning?
-Would you like some water? -Yes, please give me some.
委婉语气疑问句:Would / Could you…?
Why not / Why don’t you…?
Can I / May I…?
What / How about…?
C) any用于否定句和一般语气的疑问句中
eg:Do you have any apples? Yes, I have some. / No, I don’t have any.
D) any也可用于肯定句和if条件句中,表示“任何的”,用在肯定句中,后面接单数
eg:If you have any, let me know. / You can choose any student.
E) 在否定句中,some表示部分否定,any表示全否定
eg:I don’t know some of them. 我只认识其中的一部分人
I don’t know any of them. 我不认识他们中的任何人
F) some 用在单数前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”
eg:This morning, some boy called you.
There must be some reason for what he has done.
② many, much和a lot of
联系&区别:A) many和much都可和表示程度的副词so, too, how连用—so / too / how many / much
B) many+可数复,much+不可数
C) many可用a great number of代替,much可用a great deal of代替
D) a lot of单复数通吃,等同于lots of / plenty of
E) too much+不可数,much too + adj. / adv.
③ either和neither
联系&区别:A) 都构成固定搭配—either / neither of +代 / 可数复+谓语动词单数
eg:Either / neither of them is bad.
B) either指两个中的其中一个,neither两个都不
C) either放在否定句末表示“也”——I don’t like it, either.
D) either of作主语时,在肯定句中谓语动词要用单数,否定句中要用复数
eg:Either of them is bad. / I don’t think either of them are bad.
用法:either…or… & neither…nor…要用到就近原则,和最近的主语的数保持一致
eg:Either he or we are going to… / Either we or he is going to…
Neither Amy nor we have time. / Neither we nor Amy has time.
★★④ both和all, neither, none
联系&区别:A )both表示“两者都”,常和and和of连用—both A and B / both of them (代词的of不能省,名词可)
B) all表示“三者及三者以上都”,常和of连用—all of them / all the students
all除指人外,还可指物,表示“一切”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数——All is over.
all还可修饰不可数名词——All the water has been polluted.
C) neither表示“两者都不”,常和of连用—neither of…
D )none表示“三者及三者以上都不”,常和of连用—none of…
用法:A) both和all都用于复数 eg:Both A and B are good. / All of them are good. / Both of them are good.
B) neither和none都用于单数 eg:Neither of them is bad. / None of us likes pollution.
C) both和all同not连用,表示部分否定,neither和none同not连用,表示完全否定
eg:Both of them are not singers. / Neither of them is a singer.
Not all books are good. / None of the books are good.
⑤ each和every
联系&区别:A) 都表示“每一个”each强调个别,作主语时,谓语动词用单数
every强调整体,修饰名词时,谓语动词也要用单数
B) each指两个中的每一个,every指三个或三个以上中的每一个
C) every可以表示“每隔”,构成“every+复数名词”,“every+other+单数名词”,而each不行 用法:There are many trees on each side of the road. / Every student in our class has a pen.
Each of us wears a red coat.
every three days每三天 / 每隔两天, every other hour 每隔一小时, every few days 每隔几天
⑥ none和no one
区别:none回答how many / much引导的特殊疑问句, no one回答who引导的一般疑问句
eg:How many pens do you have? –None.(表示数量)
Who has a pen? –No one.(表示人)
⑦ one
概念:one泛指任何人,用在形容词或that, this等词后代替刚刚提到的的名词,所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself,
复数形式是ones
用法:A)可用which, this, that修饰 eg:Which one is yours, this one or that one?
B) one代替上文已提到的单数名词,ones代替上文已提到的复数名词
eg:-Do you like Jane’s new skirt? -Yes, I’ll ask mum to buy one for me.
These apples are too small, please give some big ones.
C) the one和the ones表示特定的人或物
eg:No film is as good as the one I saw last week.
Students who did well in exams are the ones who ask questions in class.
D) one可以用形容词修饰,之前要加上the或形物代
eg:I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.
E) one或ones作后置定语时,前面要加the
eg:Is this the one that you want?
2、复合不定代词
用法:① eg:Everyone is here, aren’t they? / Nobody is late, aren’t they?
②当主语是指代物的不定代词,如something, anything时,反义疑问句要用it
eg:Everything is ready, isn’t it? / Nothing is lost, isn’t it?
③当复合不定代词和形容词或else连用时,形容词或else要后置
eg:something important / nothing serious / anything else?
④everyone既可指人,也可指物,指人时,everyone意思上等同于everybody
everyone可以和of连用—— of us likes him.
eg:I would like everyone to be happy. / Everyone (Every one) likes Mary.
I have kept every one of his letters.
3、辨析
(1)it, one(ones), that(those)作代词时的区别
①it特指上下文提到的同一事物
eg:The book is mine. It is very interesting.
②one泛指,上下文提到的同类事物中的一个
eg:–Who has a pen? –I have one.
ones泛指,上下文提到的同类事物中的数个
eg:–Do you have apples? –Yes, I have some big ones.
③that(those)用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复,that代单数或不可数,those代复数
eg:The air here is fresher than the air in Wuhan.
——The air is fresher than that in Wuhan.
The people in China is much bigger than the people in Japan.
——The people in China is much bigger than those in Japan.
(2)little, a little, few, a few, many, much
eg:He has a few friends, but he has few good friends.
I have little money, I can’t help you.
He has few apples, does he?
(3)both, all, either, neither, none, any
用法: Any student can do it well.
(4)