初中英语专题讲解

命题趋势：

1.近五年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法。以单项选择题、用所给词的正确形式填空或完形填空等形式出现。

2.2008年冠词考查重点在于冠词的习惯用法，如tell sb. a story, under the table和单数可数名词之前用冠词的方法，

3.预计2009年命题趋势将是在具体的语境中考查冠词的基本用法，命题多为复合选项，增加了试题的深度和广度。

突破方法

1.对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一，所以对此类用法一定要熟记在在。

2.在学习中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握，同时注意冠词的活用问题。

3.做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念

★ 一对一互动研学 ★

经典考例1—What would you like, sir?

— glass of orange juice, please. Thank you.

A. A B. An C. The D. /

解析：A 句意：“你想要什么，先生？”“请来一杯橘子汁，谢谢。”空后单词的第一个音素是辅音，故用不定冠词a。

经典考例2

—Do you enjoy your school life?

—Yes, of course. I’ve had wonderful time here.

A. the B. a C. an

解析：B have a wonderful time 是固定短语,意为”玩的高兴”,因空后第一个音素是辅音,故用a.

经典考例3

—Do you know university student who is talking with Joe?

—Yes, she’s my cousin, Kate.

A. a B. an C. the

解析：C 句意：“你认识正在和Joe说话的那个大学生吗？”“是的，她是我的堂妹，凯特。”在此用the表特指。

知识拓展讲解

一、冠词的位置及类别

冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物。

它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种：定冠词和不定冠词

不定冠词有a和an,不定冠词常用在单数可数名词前，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数的概念，只表示名词为不特定者。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。判断一个词是元音还是辅音开头，是根据其读音，而不是根据字母。例如：

a boy一个男孩 a gift一件礼物 a cat一只猫 an apple一个苹果 an orange一个橘子 an hour一个小时

记忆小窍门

不看字母看读音，不见“原因（元音）”别施“恩”。

注：1.在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有“a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x”,其他用a。

2.要注意区别以u开头的单词

an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book

the用在单数或复数名词前，表示特指的某一个或某一些人或事物，相当于汉语的“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”。例如：

This is an orange.这是一个橘子。（泛指）

The orange is mine.这个橘子是我的。（特指）

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法

泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以是指对话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：

经典考例4

—What’s in your bag, Cathy?

—There’s interesting book about animals.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

解析：B 第一次提到某人或某物应该使用不定冠词，interesting的第一个音素是元音，故用冠词an。

知识拓展讲解

三、不定冠词的用法

1.在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物前。如：

This is a book.

2.泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。如：

A plane is a machine that can fly.

3.泛指某人或某物。如：

A girl is waiting for you.

4.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如

two kilometers an hour five lessons a week

5.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。如：

There’ll be a strong wind in South China.

6.用于某些固定词组中。如：

a few /little/bit一点儿，have a swim/ walk/ talk/ look/ dance/ drink/ rest=swim/ walk/ talk/ look/ dance/ drink/ rest游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴，in a hurry匆忙，for a while一会儿，keep a diary写日记，do sb a favor帮助某人

7.用于可视为一体的两个名词前。如：

a knife and fork一副刀叉

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1. Eric has e-dog and his name is Hobo.

A. a B. an C. the

2. Look! There is picture on the wall. How nice it is!

A. a B. an C. the D. /

3. David comes from European country and he is honest boy.

A. an; a B. a; an C. the; an D. a; the

经典考例5

（芜湖中考·2008）I got the news on radio.

A. 不填 B. a C. an D. the

解析：D on the radio是一个固定搭配，意为“通过收音机”。句意为“我在收音机上听到了这个消息”。

知识拓展讲解

四、定冠词the的用法

1.用于双方都知道的人或事物前。如：

Give me the book, please.

2.特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。如：

Do you know the girl in red?

3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：

The earth moves around the sun.

4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。如：

The first lesson is very easy.

She is the most careful student in my class.

He is the younger of the two boys.

5.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩。如：

The Greens are watching TV now.

6.用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。如：

The orange is orange.

7.用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：

the Great Wall the Summer Palace

8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人。如：

We should help the old.

9.用在表示方位或乐器名称的名词之前。如：

I like playing the piano.

注：中国民族乐器前不用冠词。如:play Erhu拉二胡

10.用在某些固定词组中。如：

in the morning/ afternoon/ evening在上午/下午/晚上；in the daytime在白天；in the end最后；all the time一直；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；in the open air在户外；at the age of在……岁时；at the beginning of在……开始时；on the other side of在……的另一边；in the middle of在……中间；at the moment立刻，马上

11.定冠词在逢十的复数名词之前，指世纪的某个年代。例如：

in the 1870s在19世纪70年代

in the 1980s在20世纪80年代

12.在结构“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”中要用the（而不用物主代词）。例如：

take sb by the hand抓住某人的手 pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩

hit sb. in the face打某人的脸

五、定冠词的位置

1.当定冠词与all, half, both, double等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词放在这些词之后。如：

Look, all the books are here.瞧，所有的书都在这儿。

Both the boys are from Class 1, Grade 2.

这两个男孩都是二年级一班的。

The walked half the journey.他们走了旅程的一半。

2.当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，需要放在这些词之后。如：

This bed is three times the size of that one.

这张床是那张床的三倍大。

The rope is one third the length of that one.

这根绳子是那根绳子的三分之一长。

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单项选择

4. The guitar might belong to Alice. She plays guitar very well.

A. the B. a C. /

5. Could you tell me answer to this question? I can’t work it out myself.

A. a B. an C. the D.不填

6. Pass me dictionary next to the radio, and I also need pen to write something.

A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the

7. Yesterday 8-year-old boy fell into the river. boy was saved by a policeman.

A. an; A B. an; The C. a; The D. a; An

8. Suzhou is most beautiful tourist city and I believe I’ll come for____ second time.

A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

经典考例6.（石家庄中考·2008）Henry is American, and now he is studying in _____ Beijing University.

A. / B. the C. a D. an

解析：A Beijing University意为“北京大学”，是一个专有名词，前面不加冠词，故选A。

经典考例7.（厦门中考·2006）James likes to play violin and chess when he is free.

A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the

解析：A 弹奏某种乐器，要用“play+the+乐器”形式，棋类等表示娱乐运动的名称前不加冠词，故选A。

知识拓展讲解

六、零冠词的用法

1.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词，如：

Man can’t live without water.没有水人不能生存。

Horses are domestic animals.马是一种驯养的动物。

2.某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。如：

China is a great country.

Mary lives in New York.

3.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，用零冠词。如：

Every student likes English in our class.

4.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节，需要在月份、季节前加the。

June 1st is Children’s Day.

The winter in 2004 was very cold.

5.用在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。如：

This is Professor Li.

What’s wrong, Granny?

6.用在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前。如：

I went to school without breakfast this morning.

今天早上我没吃早饭就去上学了。

He often plays football after school.他经常放学后踢足球。

We all like English.我们都喜欢英语。

7.用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前边。如：

Nanjing Road南京路 Hainan Island海南岛

8.用在与by连用的交通工具名称前。如by car, by train。但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前需用冠词。

9.用在公共假日、节日名称前。如：

New Year’s Day元旦 Women’s Day妇女节

10.用在表特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等的名词前。如：

People’s Park人民公园

11.用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中。如：

day and night日日夜夜，face to face面对面，side by side肩并肩，step by step一步一步地，watch TV看电视，at school/work/home在学校/在工作/在家，at first/last首先/最后，in trouble在困境中，in danger在危险中，on foot步行，on duty/watch值日/值班，on time准时，in time及时，in bed卧病在床，go to school/work去上学/去工作，by bus/plane/ship/bike乘, 公共汽车/飞机/轮船/自行车，at noon/night/dawn在中午/晚上/黎明，husband and wife夫妻，knife and fork刀叉

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单项选择

9.In the United States, Father’s Day falls on third Sunday in June.

A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. 不填； the D. a; 不填

10.—Will you get there by train?

—No, I’ll take taxi.

A. /; a B. a; the C. /; / D. the; a

11. Peter likes playing football very much, but the doesn’t like football I bought for him on his birthday.

A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the

12. Sarah said that joining the English club at school was best way to improve her English.

A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the

经典考例8.Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a try.

A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth

解析：D “尽管我失败了四次，爸爸鼓励我再试一次。”a fifth在此处可译为“又一，再一”。

知识拓展讲解

冠词的其它用法

一、序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别

“the+序数词”表示“第几……”；“a+序数词”表示“又一，再一”。如：

The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.

蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。

二、单数名词前加定冠词、不定冠词，复数名词前不加冠词都可以表示“一类”。

A horse is a useful animal.

The horse is a useful animal.

Horses are useful animals.

三、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别

go to school 去上学(是学生) go to the school到学校去(不一定是学生)

in hospital 因病住院 in the hospital在医院里(不一定是病人)

at table 吃饭 at the table在桌子旁

at school 在上学 at the school在学校

in class 在上课 in the class在班级里

in future 今后 in the future在将来

in front of 在(……外部的)前面 in the front of在(……内部的)前面

next year 明年 the next year第二年

by sea 乘船 by the sea在海边

in bed (睡,病,躺)在床上 in the bed(某物)在床上

on earth 究竟 on the earth在地球上

四、a number of与the number of

A number of意思是“许多”，相当于a lot of; the number of意思是“……的数目，……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：

A number of students like playing computer games.

许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。

The number of the students is about 1,500 in our school.

我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。

五、当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a或an的位置应注意：

1.当名词被such, half, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。如：

He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘了关门。

It took me half anhour to write the letter.

写那封信花了我半个小时。

（但在美国，半小时也可说成a half hour）

What an interesting book it is!

这是多么有趣的一本书啊！

Many a man has gone to gig cities for work.

许多人到大城市去打工了。

2.当名词前面的形容词前有so, how, too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。如：

She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是多么好的一个女孩啊，她把那位盲人带到了车站。

How nice afilm this is!

这是多么好的一部电影啊！

3.当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather或very时，不定冠词置于quite或rather之后，very之前。如：

quite agood book一本十分好看的书

rather a useful tool一种相当有用的工具

a veryinteresting story一个非常有趣的故事

A级（初级达标）

一、在下列单词或词组前填上不定冠词a或an。

1. bike 2. hour 3. apple 4. banana

5. egg 6. exam 7. university 8. operation

9. knife 10. island 11. useful book

12. ID card

二、选用冠词a, an或the填空。

1. Is Canada English speaking country?

2. Great Wall is longest wall in world.

3. January is first month of the year.

4. Is your uncle athlete or manager?

5. Do you know moon moves round earth?

三、单项填空。

（ ）1. I have uncle. He works at airline.

A. an, an B. a, a C. an, a D. a, an

（ ）2.—When did you get the bicycle?

—On my tenth birthday.

A. a B. the C. an D. /

（ ）3. He borrowed book from his teacher, but he couldn’t find book now.

A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a

（ ）4.There is “h” in the word “hand”.

A. the B. a C. an D./

（ ）5. He likes playing basketball and she likes playing piano.

A. the, the B. a, a C. /, / D. /, the

（ ）6. There is plenty of work to be done in garden.

A. an B. the C. a D./

（ ）7. Please take medicine twice day and have good rest.

A. the, a, a B. a, a, a C. the, the, the D. the, a, the

（ ）8. Summer Palace is one of most beautiful parks in _____ world.

A. /, the, the B. The, a, the C. The, the, the D. A, a, a

（ ）9. Mr. Read is university professor. He is old professor.

A. an, an B. a, the C. a, an D. an, a

（ ）10. It’s great fun to play such exciting game.

A. a, a B. /, an C. a, an D. /, the

B级（中级达标）

一、用a, an,the填空

1. I’ve never heard such interesting story before.

2. car goes faster than truck.

3. lot of students are singing and playing games under that big tree in______ park.

4. Mr. White has two children, son and daughter. son is_____ student, and daughter is _______nurse.

5. third lesson is most interesting of three.

6. I often listen to radio in evening.

7. There is “r” in the word red.

8. What can you see in picture? I can see girl.

9. This bottle is empty. Can you give me full one?

10. We had big meal on the New Year’s Eve.

二、单项选择

（ ）1. There is apple on the table. It’s for you.

A. an B. a C. the D./

（ ）2. Can you see sun in the day-time?

A. a B. the C. an D./

（ ）3. We want to stay on twentieth floor because I enjoy looking at the mountains far away.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

（ ）4. dictionary is useful tool.

A. A, a B. The, an C. A, the D. A, an

（ ）5. Alice doesn’t like to play chess, but she likes to play piano.

A. the, / B. /, / C. the, the D. /, the

（ ）6. Paris is most beautiful city, where you can see the famous Eiffel Tower.

A. a B. a C. the D. /

（ ）7. —What would you like for breakfast, Jim?

—Two pieces of bread with glass of milk, please.

A. a, a B. /, the C. a, the D. /, a

（ ）8. It takes us hour or more to go to my hometown by train.

A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; /

（ ）9. More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country_____ next year.

A. the; / B. /; / C. /; the D. the; the

（ ）10. —Mary, it’s going to rain. Better take raincoat with you.

—Well, but I can’t find raincoat I put yesterday.

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. an; the

C级（高级达标）

一、阅读下面短文，填入恰当的冠词，使短文完整。不需要填冠词处请划×。

other day, when my father and I were visiting art exhibition, we met Mr. Brown, old friend of my father’s. They hadn’t seen each other for about ten years, ever since they’re in same company. They’re happy to see each other. Mr. Brown told us he had come here to attend meeting. He said he was staying in hotel near railway station and asked my father to go to see him in hotel. My father said he would go to see him as soon as he had time.

二、单项选择

1. —What would you like for breakfast, Mr. Scott?

—Three pieces of bread with cup of black tea, please.

A. a; a B. /; the C. a; the D. /; a

2.—Is English-Chinese dictionary on the desk yours?

—No, I don’t have English-Chinese dictionary. I use Chinese-English dictionary.

A. an; an B. an; the C. the; an D. the; the

3. Greens are on visit to a beautiful city in China.

A. /; a B. A; the C. The; a D. The; /

4. —I knocked over my tea cup. It went right over keyboard.

—You shouldn’t put drinks near computer.

A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a

5. —What do you usually do after school?

—We usually play soccer for half hour on playground.

A. /; an; the B. the; a; the C. /; a; / D. the; an; a

6. —Do you know lady in blue?

—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.

A. the B. a C. an D./

7. Several years later, John’s aunt made second trip to China.

A. the B. one C. a D. an

8. Don’t make same mistake for the second time in day.

A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

9. I looked under table and found pen I lost yesterday.

A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; /

10. Japan lies to east of China.

A. the B. an C. a D. /

11. wounded and sick must be taken to hospital at once.

A. The; the; a B. /; /; the C. The; the; / D. The; /; the

12. books are useful.

A. All the B. The all C. A D. An

13.Every teacher likes her very much.

A. a B. an C. the D./

14. Would you like third apple?

A. a B. an C. × D. the

15. —Have you seen MP4? I left it here yesterday afternoon?

—Is it new one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. an; a

参考答案

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1.B 空后单词的第一个音素是元音，故用不定冠词an。

2.A 以辅音音素开头的单词前用a, picture为以辅音音素开头的单词。

3.B 句意为“大卫来自欧洲的一个国家，他是一个诚实的男孩”。第一空后面的单词的第一个音素是辅音，用a,第二空也表泛指，honest中的h没有发音，第一个音素为元音，所以用冠词an。

4.A 5.C 6.C

7.B eight以元音开头，所以前一个空要选an;后一句中的boy与前文提到的是同一个人，故用定冠词the来表示前文提到的人，故选B。

8.C 句意为“苏州是最漂亮的旅游城市，我确信我一定会再来一次”。most beautiful表示“最漂亮的”，序数词和形容词最高级前必须用the,只能选C。

9. A

10.A 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词，而take a taxi为固定结构的短语，此时taxi前要用冠词。

11.D 考查定冠词the的用法。句意为：彼得非常喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢他生日时我送给他的那个足球。play和球类名词连用时，球类名词前不加the,故选排除A、C；后一空中的football是特指他生日时我送给他的足球，the表示特指，故排除B。

12.A at school为固定介词词组，中间不用冠词，the best way to do sth. 意为“最好的方法”。

一对一巩固提升

A级

一、1. a 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. an 6. an 7. a 8. an 9. a 10. an 11. a 12.an

二、1. an 2. The, the, the 3. the 4. an, a 5.the, the

三、1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B

B级

一、1.an 2. The; the 3.A; the 4.a;a;The;a;the;a 5. The; the; the 6. the; the 7. an 8. the; a 9. a 10. a

二、1. A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B

C级

一、The, an, an, the, ×, a, a, the, the, ×

二、1.解析：D 英文表达中三餐前不用冠词，而a cup of…表示“一杯……”。故选D。

2.解析：C 第一空为特指，用定冠词the; 第二空是泛指，且后面的第一个音素是元时，故选C。

3.解析：C “the+姓氏复数”表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”；介词短语on a visit意为“正在访问”，它是个固定短语。

4.B 第一空是特指，第二空是泛指，句意：“我碰到了我的茶杯，茶水浇到键盘上。”“你不应该把饮料放在一台电脑的附近”。

5.A 球类运动前不用冠词；hour中，应字母h没发音，其读音以元音音素开头，因此用an；“在操场上”表特指，用the。

6.A 名词lady后有定语in blue修饰，是特指，其前应用定冠词the。

7.C 序数词前加a表示”又一,再一”

8.A the same固定搭配 in a day在一天中。

9.解析：B under the table“在桌子底下”；第二个空填the特指“我昨天丢失的那支钢笔”。

10.A the用在方位名词前

11.C the wounded指受伤的人，the sick指病人，“the + adj”表示一类人。Hospital前不加the表示送到医院治疗。

12.A 当定冠词与all连用修饰名词时，定冠词放在all之后，由题目上名词是复数，排除C、D。故选A。

13.D 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，用零冠词。

14.A 序数前用不定冠词，表示“又一，再一”。

15.D 前空是类指，且m是以元音音素开头，故用an;后空指这类中的一个，应用a。

三、1.a→an m是以元音音素开头。

2.come去掉the other day前几天，是固定搭配。

3.to hospital →to the hospital到医院去，不是生病住院，应在医院前加冠词。

4.a such →such a such修饰名词时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such放在不定冠词前。

5.songs→the songs这里是特指。

6.the better →better比较级前通常不用冠词。

7.The→A a number of是词组，意为：许多。

8.a去掉by mistake是固定词组。

9.an去掉news是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词直接修饰它。

10.a hour →an hour hour 是以元音音素开头的，应用an。

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