10 语法复习十:动词的语气--虚拟语气

语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。 If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could ，might) go to see my grandmother.

If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if 。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were ，had 或 should ，可以把if 省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。

Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things.

But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it.

假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)

I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)

6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。 Y ou could have washed your clothes yourself.省去了"If you had wanted to

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望) 。If my grandmother were with me!

If only she had not left!

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l 、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural ，necessary)that „" 这类句型里，that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should 十动词原形”结构，

It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：

1

(1)在动词wish 后的宾语从句中， 1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were) 。I wish I knew the answer to the question.

2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had 十过去分词" 。I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 3) 表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would 十动词原形" 。I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would come soon.

(2)在suggest ，demand ，order ，propose ，insist ，command ，request ，desire 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。 I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中， Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office.

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。He treated me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might

Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly.

4、在"It is time (that) „" 句型中I t’s (high) time we did our homework.

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you.

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示" 祝愿" 、" 但愿”，此时may 须置于句首

May good luck be yours.

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent

2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.

A. had started, would be B. started, might be

C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been

3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up

A. were not ill; wouldn' t be

C. had been ill; should have been B. Should I know, would have rung him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up B. had been ill; wouldn't have been D. hadn't been ill; could be 4. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.

5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do

6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it

D. should have told; should it be

2 C. should have told; had it been 7. Without your help, we________ so much.

A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve

C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved

8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made

C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made

A. did B. could have done B. If you had taken; would make D. Have you taken; won t have made C. have done D. should do 9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.

10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.

A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going

11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.

A. could B. should C. would D. were able to

12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.

A. could B. must C. should D. might

13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.

A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given

14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party?

A. will invite B. have invited

15. I insisted that he ________ at once.

A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go

16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.

A. hadn ' t stolen B. shouldn ' t steal C. doesn ' t steal D. steal

17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.

A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make

18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.

A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know

19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.

A. may hear B. will hear C. hear

20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.

A. caught B. will catch

21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.

A. are B. shall be D. have heard C. is invited D. invite C. might catch D. shall catch C. were D. should be

D. bought 22. That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought

23. It is high time we ________ home.

A. will go B. would go

24. I ' d rather that you ________ home.

A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone

25. If only I _________ to the lecture! A. listen B. will listen

C. have gone D. went C. am listening 3 D. had listened

26. ---- If he_____ , he ______ that food.

A. was warned; would not take

C. would be warned; had not taken ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. B. had been warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

27.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

28. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

29. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give

30. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table

20 years from now.

A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to

C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to

31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ________ home.

A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay

32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.

A. had done B. have done C. did D. so

33. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known B. had she known

34. If you had enough money, what ________ ? C'. if she know D. if she has known

D. will you have bought

D. hadn’t seen A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought 35. If you ________ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A. didn't see B. haven't seen

36. Our monitor requested that ________.

A. all the class studied more carefully the problem

B. the problem was more carefully studied

C. with great care the problem could be studied

D. all the class study the problem more carefully

37. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I ________. busy doing my homework..

A. was B. were C. had been C. wouldn’t have seen D. would be

38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.

A. had been B. was C. be D. should be

39. It is important that we ________.

A. shall close the window before we leave

C. must close the window before we leave

A. had telephoned

B. will close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave C. would have telephoned 4 D. telephone 40. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I ______ him. B. would telephone