花生脱壳机的设计外文翻译
中文2633字
花生脱壳机的设计
摘要:我国加入WTO 以来,国内外关于花生脱壳机机械的开发与推广应用日益增多,针对现有花生脱壳机机械存在的优点与不足,在未来的发展的过程中,对花生脱壳机机械在生产应用中的经验进行总结,不断完善其功能,使其呈现良好的发展势头。
关键词:箱体;机架;工艺;
一,花生脱壳机的发展现状
我国花生脱壳机的研制自1963年原八机部下达花生脱壳机的研制课题以来已有几十种花生脱壳机问世。只进行单一脱壳功能的花生脱壳机结构简单、价格便宜、以小型家用为主的花生脱壳机在我国一些地区广泛应用,能够完成脱壳、分离、清选和分级功能的较大型花生脱壳机在一些大批量花生加工的企业中应用较为普遍。国内现有的花生脱壳机种类很多,如6HB- 6 型花生剥壳机,6HB- 20型花生剥壳机,6HB- 2 型花生脱壳机等, 技术参数见附表, 其作业效率为人工作业效率的 20- 60 倍以上。6HB- 180 型花生脱壳机械采用了三轧辊混合脱壳结构, 能够进行二次脱壳。而随着我国花生产业的进一步调整, 花生产量逐年增加, 花生的机械化脱壳程度将大幅提高, 花生脱壳机械将拥有广阔的发展前景。花生剥壳的原理很多, 因此产生了很多种不同的花生剥壳机械。花生剥壳部件是花生剥壳机的关键工作部件. 剥壳部件的技术水平决定了机具作业刚花生仁破碎率、花生果一次剥净率及生产效率等重要的经济指标。在目前的生产销售中, 花生仁破碎率是社会最为关心的主要指标。八十年代以前的花生剥壳机械, 破碎率一般都大于8%有时高达15%以上。加工出的花生仁, 只能用来榨油, 不能作种用. 也达到出口标准。为了降低破碎率而探讨新的剥壳原理, 研制新式剥壳部件, 便成为花生剥壳机械的重要研究课题。从六十年代初, 开始在我国出现了封闭式纹杆滚筒, 栅条凹板式花生剥壳机。自1983 年以来, 在已有的花生剥壳部件的研制基础上, 我国又相继研制了多种不同结构型式的新式剥壳部件, 其主要经济技术指标, 特别是破壳率指标大有改善。
二,花生脱壳机械研究重点
我国加入WTO 以来,国内外关于花生脱壳机械的开发与推广应用日益增多。针对现有花生脱壳机械存在的优点与不足, 在未来的发展过程中, 对花生脱壳机械在生产应用中的经验进行总结, 不断完善其功能, 使其呈现良好的发展势头。提高花生脱壳机械的通用性和兼容性, 使研制的花生脱壳机械通过更换主要部件能够同时对其他带壳物料进行脱壳加工。研制通过变换主要工作部件即能满足不同坚果脱壳作业需要的脱壳机具。并提高制造工艺水平降低制造成本, 以适应不同加工企业的需要。花生脱壳机械能否适应这种发展趋势, 将直接影响到花生脱壳机械能否更好的推广应用与健康发展。提高机械脱壳率。降低破损率, 对花生脱壳机械的关键技术与工作部件进行重点攻关, 改革传统结构, 研究新的脱壳机理, 优化结构设计,同时在整体配置上进一步改进和完善,提高脱壳率,降低籽仁破
损率。目前国内外的花生脱壳机械均存在脱壳率和破损率之间的矛盾,处理好这一关键技术将关系到花生脱壳机械的发展前景。向自动控制和自动化方向发展大多数机具目前仍依赖人工喂料或定位,影响了作业速度和作业质量。因此应通过机电一体化手段,开发设计自动喂料、自动定位脱壳装置,保证均匀喂料与有效定位,实现机组自动化操作。进一步提高作业精确性和作业速度,提高产品质量与生产率,满足部分大、中型加工企业的需要,以开拓国内和国外市场。新技术原理、新结构材料、新工艺将不断应用于花生机械的研制开发中, 随着液压技术、电子技术、控制技术以及化工、冶金工业的发展。许多复杂的机械机构、动力传递、笨重的材料和落后的工艺将逐渐被取代。减轻重量、减少阻力、简化操作、减少辅助工作时间、延长使用寿命、降低劳动使用费用等将作为主要设计目标应用于脱壳机械的设计制造。随着国内外高新技术的进一步发展, 如何将这些高新技术更好的应用到实际生产中, 也是目前花生脱壳机械需要尽快解决的问题。
三,花生脱壳机械的工艺研究
在脱壳技术方面,除了在原理和设备上进行研究外,人们还在工艺上进行了研究以提高籽粒的脱壳率及脱壳质量。分级处理 物料的粒度范围大,必须先按大小分级,再进行脱壳,才能提高脱壳率,减少破损率。水分含量 花生荚果的含水率对脱壳效果有很大的影响,含水率大,则外壳的韧性增加;含水率小,则果仁的粉末度大。因此应使花生荚果尽量保持最适当的含水率,以保证外壳和果仁具有最大弹性变形和塑性变形的差异,即外壳含水率低到使其具有最大的脆性,脱壳时能被充分破裂,同时又要保持仁的可塑性,不能因水分太少而使果仁在外力作用下粉末度太大,可减少果仁破损率。
四,花生脱壳机械应用前景展望
展望花生脱壳机械应用前景。花生生产机械化是农业现代化的重要组成部分,是农业和农村经济持续快速发展的重要保证,近年来,花生机械装备总量不断稳步增长,作业水平进一步提高,社会化服务规模不断扩大,虽然目前花生脱壳机械化水平较高,但是多应用于经济发达地区与示范推广区,并且小型机械多、大型机械少,低档机械多、高性能机械少。在一些地区,用作种子和特殊用途的花生仁仍采用传统的手工剥壳,劳动生产率低,区域性发展不平衡。进入21世纪,我国花生生产机械化开始了新的发展阶段,农业结构调整发生了新的变化,也对花生机械的发展产生了积极而深远的影响,不仅拉动了新的有效需求,而且构筑了适合花生生产机械化发展的新舞台,为花生生产机械化真正成为农村经济发展的推动器提供了广阔的市场发展条件。在一些地区推进花生生产机械化的过程中,相继出台了鼓励和扶持农民购买花生机械、开展花生机械作业服务的优惠政策和措施,调动了农民购买花生机械的积极性,形成了新的市场需求。随着花生种植业的不断发展,国内外对花生深加工产品的需求不断增大,提高花生脱壳机械化作业水平成为必然。花生脱壳机在提高劳动生产率,减轻劳动强度方面起到了积极的作用,促进了花生加工业的科技进步,为花生脱壳机械的发展提供了空间。
五,花生去壳机存在的问题:
目前我国在花生脱壳技术研究方面一直没有大的突破,资金投入也不足,脱
壳部件的研制仍在20世纪90年代初的技术水平上徘徊,所以在脱壳性能上并没有很大的提高。由于机械脱壳时对花生仁的损伤率偏高,用于种子和较长期贮存的花生仁至今仍是手工剥壳。脱壳机械在技术性能和作业环节上存在以下问题:
(1)脱壳率低,脱壳后的果仁破损率高,损失大。(2)机具性能不稳定,适应性差。(3)通用性差,利用率低。(4)作业成本偏高,多数是单机制造,制造的工艺水平较低,同时能耗较高。(5)有些产品仅进行了样机试制或少量试生产未进行大量生产性考核和示范应用,作业性能。
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外文翻译
Peanut shelling machinedesign
Abstract:Si nc et h eco un tryjoin e dtheWTO,o nt hedeve l opment a ndappli c ati on o f d omestic and foreign peanutshell ing machine m achinery in crease d, for theadvantages and disadvantages of existing peanut shelling machine machinery exists,in the course of future development, peanut shelling machine mechanical experiencein production applications were summarized, and constantly improve its capabilities, it showed a good momentum ofdevelopment.
K eyw or d s: c a binet; rack; proce s s;
First,thestatusofdevelopmentofpeanutshellingmachine
Development of peanut shelling machine since 1963 the M inistryissuedthe originaleightlocal research topic since peanut shelling machine has dozensof peanut shelling machineavailable. Only a single simple function of peanut shelling machine shelling , cheap to small home
-based peanut shelling m achineis w idelyused in some parts of C hina, to com pleteshelling, separating,sortingandclearinglargerpeanutgradingfunctionsshellerinsomelargequantitiesofpeanutprocess ingenterprisesinmoregeneraluse.Existingdomesticpeanutshellingmachinemanytypes,suchas6HB-6-typepeanutsheller,6HB-20-typepeanutsheller,6HB-
2typepeanutshellingmachine,technicalparametersseetable,itsoperatingefficiencyman20-60timesmore efficient w orkingindustry . 6 HB -180 -ty pepeanut shelling mechanical m ix ingusing athreeroll shelling structure a llowsthe second shell . W ithfurther adjustmentof the peanut industry,peanut production increased y earby y ear, the degreeof mechanization shelling peanuts w i l lbea substantial increase in peanut shelling m achineryw illhave broad prospects for development. M any of the principles of peanut sheller,resulting in a variety of different mechanicalpeanutsheller. Peanut shelleris akeycomponent of w orkingparts peanut shellermachine. Technologicallevelshellermachinesoperatingcomponentsdeterminestherateofjustcrushingpeanuts,peanu tsandastrippingratioofnetproductionefficiencyandotherimportanteconomicindicators. In the current production and sales , peanuts are the main indicators of socialfragmentationrateofmostconcern.Eightiespreviouspeanutshellermachinery,crushingratesare g enerallyg reaterthan 8 % and sometimes as high as 15 % . Processed peanuts ,can be used toextractoilandnotforbreeding.Alsomeetexportstandards.Inordertoreducethefragmentationrateandtoexplor enewshellerprinciple,developednewshellingparts,hasbecomeanimportantresearchtopicpeanutshellermac hine.Fromtheearlysixties,beganinChinaisseeingaclosedcy linderrod pattern ,rack g ravurepeanut sheller. S ince1983 , the basis of the ex isting researchon the peanut shellerparts , they have developed a variety of
broken shell. different structural ty pesofnewshellerparts,itsmaineconomicindicators,especiallyindicatorssignificantlyimprovedtherateof
Second,theresearchfocuspeanutshellingmachinery
S inceC hina'saccession to WT O , domestic development andapplication on peanutshelling machine i s increasing . For the advantagesand disadvantagesof ex isting peanutshellingmachinery ex ist in the future development process, the peanut shelling machinery experienceinproduction applications w ere sum marized, and constantly improve itscapabilities, i t show eda goodmomentumofdevelopment.Improvepeanutshellingmachineversatilityandcompatibility,making
peanut shelling machinery developed by major com ponentreplacement can be carriedout w hilethe other shell m a terialsshelling processing . Developed by converting them a in workingpartsthatcanmeettheneedsofdifferentjobsshellingnutsshellingmachines.Andtoimprovethemanufa cturing process to reduce m anufacturingcosts in order to meet the needs ofdifferentprocessing enterprises. Peanut shelling mechanical ability to adaptto this trend , w i l ldirectlyaffect the peanut shelling m achinerycan better prom otethe application and healthy development.Improvethemechanicalshellingrate.Reducethebreakagerate,thekeytechnology
andworkingpartspeanutshellingmachinetofocusonresearch,reformtraditionalstructures,researchnewshell ing mechanism , optimizingthe structure design , and further improve and perfect theoverallconfiguration, improved shelling rate and reduce seed kernel breakage . Peanut shellingmachinery a t home and abroad a reshelling rate and there i s a contradiction betweenthe breakage rate , handle this critical technology related to the development prospects of peanut shellingmachine . A utomaticcontrol and automation to the directionof m ostequipmenti s stilldependenton artificial feeding or positioning , a ffectingthe operating speed and quality of operations
Soshouldthemeansbymechatronics,developmentanddesignautomaticfeeding,automaticpositioning
shelling device to ensure uniform feeding and effective positioning , to achieveautomation unit . Further improve operational accuracy and operating speed , improveproduct
qualityand productivity to m eetthe needs of some la rg e and medium -sized processingenterprises todevelopdomesticandforeignmarkets.Newtechnologyand
researchanddevelopmentwillcontinueto newstructuralmaterials,newtechnology e beappliedtopeanutmachinery,withthehydraulictechnology, . lectronictechnology, control technology and chemical industry,metallurgical industry development. M any complex mechanical structure, powertransmission,heavy materials and processes behind w i l l g raduallybe replaced. R educe w eight,reduce drag, stream l ineoperations , reduce aux i l iaryw orking hours, long l ife, low labor costs, etc. to use asa primarydesigngoalwillbeappliedtothedesignandmanufactureofmechanicalshelling.Withthefurtherdevelop mentofdomesticandforeignhigh-tech,high-
techbetterhowtheseareappliedtoactualproduction,iscurrentlythepeanutshellingmechanicalproblemsneedt oberesolvedas soon as possible.
Third, the research process pea nut shelling machine
Inshellingtechnology,inadditiontoresearchonthetheoryandequipment,peoplestillwerestudied in order to improve the quality of g rain husking rateand shelling on the process .Particlesize rang e of g radedmaterial
shelling handlingla rg e , m ustfi rstsize g rading, and then ,shellinginordertoimprovetherate andreducebreakage.Thepodmoisturecontentwiththemoisturecontent of a l arge effect on the impact shelling , w a ter rate , to increase the toughnessofthehousing ; small w a tercontent , the pow der of la rg e nuts . The pod should therefore make it possible
tomaintainthepropermoisturecontenttoensurethatthehousingandthenuthasamaximumelastic deformation and plastic deform a tionof the difference , that the housing has a m aximummoisture content is lowto m akei t brittle , w henthe shell can be fully broken, w hilemaintainingthe plasticity of benevolence , not because of too l ittlew a terin the ex ternal force leaving thenutspow der i s too la rg e , y oucan reduce the breakage ratenuts.
Four th, peanut shelling prospectmechanicaloutlook
Looking peanut shelling prospect machinery. Peanut production mechanization i sanimportant part of the modernization of ag ricultureis an important g uaranteesustained andrapiddevelopmentof ag ricultureand rural economy in recent years, the total a mountofpeanutmachinery and equipment continued to g row steadily, to further improve the operating level, social services have been expanding , a l though peanuts shelling higher level of m echanization, butmore used in economically developed areas and demonstration a reas, and small machinery , lessla rge m achinery, low -g rademachinery , less high-performance machinery. In some a reas,specialuse as seed and peanuts are stil lusing the traditional hand- sheller, low labor productivity,
regionaldevelopmentimbalances.Inthe21stcentury,China'speanutproductionmechanizationbegananewsta geofdevelopment,theadjustmentofagriculturalstructureofthenewchangeshave taken place , but a l so the developmentof peanut machinery has had a positive andprofoundimpact,notonlystimulatingnewandeffectivedemand,andbuildasuitablepeanutproductionmec hanizationnewstageofdevelopmentforpeanutproductionmechanizationtrulypromoteruraleconomic
developmentprovides a broad market conditions . Promoting peanutproductionmechanization process in some areas , have been introduced to encourage and support farmers tobuypeanutmachinery,preferentialpoliciesandmeasurestocarryout
arketdemands. W iththe continuous mechanicaloperationsservices peanut farm peanuts , peanut farmers to buy machinery to m obilizethe enthusiasm , the form a tionofa new m developmentof
ing,domesticandinternationaldemandforpeanutprocessingproductscontinuestoincreaseandimprovethelev elofmechanizationpeanutshellingbecameinevitable.Peanutshellingmachinetoplayinimprovinglabor productivity
of aspace.
, reduce labor intensitya positive role inpromoting the scientificandtechnologicalprogresspeanutprocessingindustry,peanutshellingmachineforthedevelopment
Fifth, shelled peanutma chineproblems:
A t present our research in peanut shelling technology has been no m a jorbreakthrough, but a l so l ackof capital investment, research and shelling i s still hovering on the early part of the 1990s level of technology, so the shelling did not g reatlyimprove performance. Due tomechanicalshelling peanuts for a high damage rate for long er-term storage of seeds and peanut shelleri sstillhandmade. M echanicalshelling the follow ingproblem sin the technicalperformance
operating costs, andoperationalaspects:(1)shellinglowbreakagerateshellingnutsafterbiglosses.Unstable(2) equipmentperformance,pooradaptability.(3)generalpoor,lowutilizationrate.High(4)
mostly sing le manufacturer, the low erlevel of the manufacturing process, w hilehigher energy consumption. ( 5 ) S ome products w ere only a smal l a mount ofpre-productionprototypetrial or not for mass production of the assessment and application of the m odel,theoperatingperformance.