一般过去时与一般现在时的区分
一、一般过去时与一般现在时定义及结构的区分
1) 概念
一般过去时:过去发生的动作或是状态
a. 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;
b. 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;
c. 过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般现在时:现在通常性、规律性、习惯性的动作或是状态
a. 表示经常发生的动作,是一般情况不是具体的某一件事;
b. 长期存在的一种状态;
c. 永恒的事实或真理,谚语等。
2) 基本构成 并不能
A .谓语动词是实义动词时的结构:
一般过去时:
肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句:主语+did+not+动词+其他
疑问句:Did+主语+动词+其他
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词+其他
否定疑问句:Did+主语+not+动词+其他
一般现在时:
肯定句:主语+动词或(动词+s)+其他
否定句:主语+do/does+not+动词+其他
疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词+其他
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词+其他
否定疑问句:Do/Does+主语+not+动词+其他
注:变化最大的在于:do/does→did (过去式的动词变化)
B. 谓语动词是助动词时:
a . Be 动词
一般过去时:
肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语
否定疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+not+表语
一般现在时:
肯定句:主语+be动词+表语
否定句:主语+be动词 +not+表语
疑问句:Be 动词 +主语+表语
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+表语
否定疑问句:Be 动词 +主语+not+表语
注意:am(I)、is (he/she/it)→was
Are(we/you/they)→were
第三人称时,动词要进行变化。
b. have/has
一般过去时:
肯定句:主语+had+表语
否定句:主语+had+not+表语
疑问句:Had +主语+表语 Did+主语+have+表语
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+have/has+表语
否定疑问句:Did +主语+have/has+not+表语
一般现在时:
肯定句:主语+have/has+表语
否定句:主语+have/has +not+表语
疑问句:Do/Does+主语+have/has+表语
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+表语
否定疑问句:Do/Does +主语+not+表语
注意:不管是过去时还是现在时,疑问句都需要助动词did 或do.
c. 情态动词过去式:
一般过去时:将情态动词变成过去式,后面加原形,其他句型转变的规
则与be 动词基本一致。
shall― will― can— may― must―
have to―
例:I can swim.
肯定句:
否定句:
疑问句:
3) 怎样从时间状语上判断一般现在时和一般过去时
一般过去时:
yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) ;the day before yesterday ;
last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪); ago ; this morning/afternoon/evening ;when 引导的状语从句(过去时);
just now ;the other day -- a few days ago;
at the age of 10 (过去年龄段) ;in the old days
一般现在时:
always,usually,regularly,every
morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom, once a month, hardly, ever, never
4) 一般过去时与一般现在时动词的变化规则:
一般过去时:
A. 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed 。如:look-looked 。
②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,去e 再加-ed 。如:live-lived 。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed 。
如:stop-stopped 。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y 为i ,然后再加-ed 。
如:study-studied 。
B. 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went,
come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。
注: 课本后面都有不规则动词的变化,需熟记。
一般现在时:
a. 一般情况下,加-s;
b. 以s, sh, ch, x,o 等结尾的词, 加 –es;
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 变y 为i 再加es.
一、 课堂练习
一)、写出下列动词的三单形式和过去式
三单 过去式 三单 过去式 三单 过去式 三单 过去式
buy _______ _______ fly _____ _______ plant ______ _______ study ______ _______
drink _____ ______ play_____ _______ go ______ _______ make ______ _______
do _______ ______ dance ______ ______ worry ______ _______ ask _______ _______
taste _____ ______ put ________ ________
let ______ ______ run _______ _______ keep _____ _______ have ______ ________
find _____ ______ get _ ___ ring _______ ________
write_____ _______ sleep _______ _______ give _____ _______ stop ______ _______
二). 用正确的动词形式填空
1. The children ___________ (run) everyday.
2. -I ________ up at half past six this morning. (get )
-My father always __________(come) back from work very late.
3. My mother ____________ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy)
4. They ________ _________ a meeting yesterday. ( not have)
5. - ______ you _________ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry , I don’t have any.
6. She likes eggs, but she __________________ (not like) bread.
7. My mother (tell) me a story every night.
8. – How much meat ________ you ___________ (want) ? - A kilo,
please.
9. Someone __________ (be) in the next room.
10. There __________ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box.
11. Y ou must _________ (get) here at two this afternoon.
12. The twins _________ thirteen two years ago. (be)
13. We must __________ (help ) the teacher carry it.
14. Who __________ (teach) you English in your school?
15. The teacher is busy. He only __________ (sleep) five hours a day.
16. Near our school there _________ (be) a shop, it _________ (sell) a lot of
books.
17. .
18. What _______ he _________ (like)?
19. He __________ (teach) English in a middle school.
20. Y 21. He can ___________ (sing) this song.
22. Let’s ___________ ( help ) my mother ___________ (cook).
23. I think Li Lei must ______________ (be) at school.
24. There __________ (be) some bread and meat on the table.
25. Liu Ying _______________ (study) in Beijing these days.
26. Han Meimei often ____________ (play) games after school.
27. Lily __________ (be) a Young Pioneer.
三). 句型转换
1.They came to China in 1990.(变一般疑问句)
__________ they ________ to China in 1990?
2. I was ill for two days last week? (同上)
________ you ill for two days last week?
3. The twins go to school on foot every day. (同上)
_________ the twins _______ to school on foot every day?
4.She washed the clothes last Sunday. ( 变否定句)
She _________ ________ the clothes last Sunday.
5. My mother likes her students. (变一般疑问句)
_______________________________________
6. Do you watch TV on Sunday? (用last Sunday 改写成过去时态的句子) ______________________________________________
7. Wei Hua bought a new pen yesterday. (变否定句)
She ________ ________ a new pen yesterday.
8. We had a meeting the day before yesterday. (变一般疑问句)
_______ you _______ a meeting the day before yesterday? ________ ________ the twins _______ a good time?
10. There were some cars in front of the house just now.
否定句:There _______ ________ cars in front of the house just now. 一般疑问句:______ there _____ cars in front of the house just now? 否定句:He ________ _______ to the zoo with his father yesterday. 一般疑问句:______ he ______ to the zoo with his father yesterday? 特殊疑问句: he yesterday? 否定句:Mary usually _______ ________ games with her grandparents. 一般疑问句:______ Mary usually ________ games with her grandparents? 特殊疑问句: Mary usually ?
13. Mary does her homework well.
否定句:Mary he r home wo rk well.
一般疑问句: Ma ry he r home wo rk well?
二、 作业布置
一)填空
1 They____ (be) on the farm a moment ago.
2 There____ (be) a shop not long ago.
3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.
4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.
5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.
6 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday. 7 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.
8 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.
9 Did he____(have) lunch at home?
11.There __________ (be) some bread and meat on the table.
13.Liu Ying _______________ (study) in Beijing these days.
14.They _____________________ (clean) the floor now.
15.Han Meimei often ____________ (play) games after school.
二)改错
1. Does he enjoys listening to music?
2. Mary’s mother was ill yesterday . She has to stay at home to look after her.
3. My teacher was angry because I am late.
4. The boy has a party at home now.
5. I were went to the library with my friends two hours ago.
6. He spends much time reading book last weekend.
7. Linda can helps his mother clean the room.
8. I buyed a large bag of milk in the supermarket.
9. Someone are looking at you.
10. I am go fishing now.