英语简单句的五种基本句型
英语简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
请先看下列句子:
He has been a teacher for ten years.
He teaches in our school.
He teaches English.
He teaches us English.
We elect him monitor of our class.
这五个基本句式如下:
S十V主谓结构
S十V十P主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十OC主谓宾宾补结构
(说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;OC=宾语补足语)
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
1.S十V句式: 主语+不及物动词 如:
They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。
Great changes have taken place in our city.
说明:该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,不及物动词后面不跟宾语,但可跟状语。例如:
1). Can you guess?
2). She can’t come.
3). Please come in and sit down.
4). John works very hard.
5). I usually walk to school, but sometimes come by bus.
6). Mrs Brown went to see her doctor.
7). He did not come out again.
8). I’m coming back in a minute.
不及物动词在句中可单独使用,后面不附带其他成分〔例1)2)〕,后面也可以跟副词〔例3)4)〕,介词短语〔例5)〕,动词不等式〔例6)〕,在句中起各种状语作用,修饰谓语动词;此外,还可跟副词性补足语,补足动词的意义,在补足语后跟副词、介词短语等,在句中起状语作用〔例7)8),〕等。
2.S十V十P句式 主语+连系动词+表语 如:
He seems interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。
说明:该句型一般被称为系表结构。由于连系动词所表达的意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,需和表语一起作谓语。连系动词根据其表达的意义可分为以下三种:
1. 表示主语处于某种状态或具备某种性质。这类词常见的有:be (是); look (看起来); feel (摸起来,觉得); seem (似乎,好像); smell (闻上去); sound (听起来); taste (尝起来),等。
2. 表示主语进入某种状态或变得具有某种性质。这类词常见的有:become (成为,变得); get (逐渐变得); grow (渐渐变得); turn (变成),等。
3. 表示主语保持某种状态或继续具备某种性质。这类词常见的有:keep (保持,继续); remain (依然,仍然); stay (停留,保持下去),等。例如
1). It looks much better now.
2). The trees turn green.
3). OK. Listen, that’s the bell.
4). He is our English teacher.
5). Everyone is here, but Jim’s away.
6). He is at the cinema.
7). It looks like a chicken.
8). His wish was to become a teacher.
9). Seeing is believing.
10). That book is very interesting.
11). Wei Hua’s pen was broken
12). That’s why I was late for class.
表语用来表示主语的身份、状态或性质。能在句中作表语的有形容词〔例1)2)〕,名词〔例3)4)〕,副词〔例5)〕,介词短语〔例6)7)〕,不定式短语〔例8)〕,动词-ing形式〔例9)10)〕,过去分词〔例11)〕,从句〔例12)〕,等。
3.S十V十O句式: 主语+及物动词+宾语 如:
I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?
说明:该句型中的谓语动词是单宾及物动词,动词方面要求跟一个宾语。例如
1). May I ask some questions?
2). We are going to play football.
3). I can see them. But I can’t reach them
4). Children often love to play this game.
5). Because my father wanted to work inChina.
6). We really enjoyed working on the farm.
7). It doesn’t matter. I like walking.
8). I hope you all have a good time.
9). I know who picked the fewest.
宾也是谓语动词动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。能在句中作宾语的有名词〔例1)2)〕,代词〔例3)〕,动词不定式〔例4)5)〕,动词–ing形式〔例6)
7)〕,从句〔例8)9)〕等。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 如: He gave me a book/a book to me.他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.他带给我一枝钢笔。
说明:该句型中的的谓语动词是双宾及物动词.这类动词后面需要跟一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语意思才完整。表示动作是对谁或对什么发出的。例如:
1). The teacher gives one of them an eraser.
2). Could you pass me the salt, please.
3). Go and bring me some food.
4). I’m rich, so I can’t buy myself lots of good things.
在双宾结构中,间接宾语通常指人,直接宾语通常指物,正常语序通常是间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。但当直接宾语时代词是,或直接宾语比间接宾语短得多时,或需要强调间接宾语时,通常间接宾语置于直接宾语之后。这是间接宾语前需要用一个介词to或for。例如:
1). I wanted to show it to you.
2). You mustn’t lend it to others.
3). Please buys a bottle of ink for me.
4). Can you draw a picture of a sheep for me?
用to还是for取决于前面的动词。
A:bring, give, hand, leave, lend, pass, pay, return, send, teach, tell, throw, write,等动词后跟to。
B:buy, cook, do, find, get, make, play, sing, save,等动词后跟for。
5.S十V十O十C句式 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如:
They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。
They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
说明:该句型中的谓语动词是复宾及物动词。这类动词的特点是不仅需要跟一个宾语,而且还需要跟一个宾语补足语意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有一种主谓关系。即宾语补足语表示宾语是什么,或表示宾语所处的状态,或表示宾语发出的一个动作。例如:
1). We made him our monitor.
2). But why do you call them mooncakes?
3). We must keep it cool.
4). Don’t get your hands dirty.
5). Don’t let the children in.
6). He told me not to bring you anything.
7). They asked me to thank your mother.
8). You must help me (to) do the cooking this afternoon.
9). Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.
10). I saw them playing football on the playground.
11). The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.
在句中能够做宾语补足语的有名词〔例1) 2)〕,形容词〔例3) 4)〕,副词〔例
5)〕,不定式短语〔例6) –9)〕,动词–ing形式〔例10)〕,过去分词〔例11)〕等。
注:该句型中的谓语动词较为复杂,不是所有的复宾及物动词都能跟相同的宾语补足语。因此,在学习这类动词时,一定要注意细心观察,注意他们的用法区别。
以上对简单句的五中基本句型结构作了简要的说明、分析,我们知道了谓语动词在句中的重要作用。因此在英语学习中,要在动词上多下功夫。英语动词的用法十分灵活,其所属句型类别也不是绝对的,往往同一个动词可用于不同的句型之中,而动词的意义也随之改变。因此,我们在确定一个动词的类型及意义时,只有根据各种具体的句子,从它在句子前后所处的关系及它与句中其他词的搭配关系上去理解。下面以get为例:
He got toBeijingyesterday.
He got a letter yesterday.
He got worse yesterday.
He got me a film ticket yesterday.
He got his watch repaired yesterday.
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:What, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在
句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that………是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语:I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。
if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷
状语从句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相
反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚
拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。 原因状语从句
比较:because, since, as和for
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来
代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case
等词引导,例如:
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要
了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较:so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副
词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
so foolish
so nice a flower such a fool such a nice flower
such nice flowers such rapid progress so many / few flowers so much / little money.
so many people such a lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or
答案A。 句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
让步状语从句
though, although
注意: 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)
典型例题
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless
答案:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意: a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or-不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。
比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句:
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.) 否定句:
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后,我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2)It is not until… that…
表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思,例:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构: Hardly / scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少
的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
as, which非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that...
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
关系代词that的用法
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
举例:
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
倒装
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no
time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1)Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn't man knowD. did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game beganB.has the game begun
C. did the game beginD.had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard.---So it is.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。
其他部分倒装
1)so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
May you all be happy.
3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题:
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn't man knowD. did man know
答案为D.否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize
答案为B。
3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I care
C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
解析:答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中
36. A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous
正确答案是C, ABD都是一个人状态不好的倾向词,而C则为中性词,表述态度不一致者是答案。.看一下辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题的第52题:
52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably
正确答案是C, ABD都是含义不肯定的副词,排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了.
56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers.
A. worked very hard for centuries
B. dreamed of having a better life
C. were poor but somewhat content
D. lived a different life from their forefathers
35. A. eat up
D. send out
35题在B和C模棱两可处到底选哪个? 当然选范围大的,能包括另一个的,即选B.
再举个例子,假如2010年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空的47题,不知选哪个, 怎么办?
, often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to that a Chinese ―equivalent‖ can never give you themeaning of a word in English!
47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters
很简单,选A,勿须有任何的犹豫,为什么?复现法则!
The moment he was about the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48. A much B still C hardly D quite
很简单,选B,为什么?答案高频词汇倾向归纳让你笑逐颜开!
高频形容词 \ 副词: suddenly, even, finally, first, last, again, also, however,
构词法
1.合成法
1)合成名词 名词+名词weekend周末 名词+动名词handwriting书法 名词+动词daybreak黎明 名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药 名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑 代词+名词she-wolf母狼 动词+名词typewriter打印机 动名词+名词reading-room阅览室 现在分词+名词flying-fish飞鱼 形容词+名词gentleman绅士 副词+动词outbreak爆发 介词+名词afternoon下午
2)合成形容词
名词+形容词snow-white雪白的 名词+现在分词English-speaking讲英语的 名词+to+名词face-to-face面对面的
名词+过去分词man-made人造的 数词+名词one-way单行的 数词+名词+形容词two-year-old两岁的
数词+名词+ed five-storeyed五层的 动词+副词see-through透明的 形容词+名词high-class高级的 形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的 形容词+形容词light-blue浅蓝色的
形容词+现在分词good-looking相貌好看的
副词+形容词ever-green常青的 副词+现在分词hard-working勤劳的 副词+过去分词well-known著名的 介词+名词downhill下坡的 副词+名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
3)合成动词
名词+动词sleep-walk梦游 形容词+动词white-wash粉刷 副词+动词overthrow推翻
4)合成副词
形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地 形容词+副词everywhere到处 副词+副词however尽管如此 介词+名词beforehand事先
介词+副词forever永远
5)合成代词
代词宾格+self herself她自己 物主代词+self myself我自己 形容词+名词anything任何东西
6)合成介词
副词+名词inside在……里面 介词+副词within在……之内 副词+介词into进入
2.转换法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词
很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。例如:
①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词 (如下④)也可作动词。例如: ①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?
②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫使他恢复了健康。 ④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如:
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,
谓语用复数(如下②)。例如:① You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。 ②The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活
3.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法
1)前缀 除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如: appear出现→disappear消失 correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 lead带领→mislead领错 stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如:
alone单独的antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表
cooperate合作enjoy使高兴 internet互联网reuse再用
subway地铁telephone电话
2)后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。例如:
differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 Japan日本→Japanese日本人 act表演→actress女演员 mouth口→mouthful一口 music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。例如:
wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,
-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词
后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。例如:
nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的 Americ美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程
度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如:
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……,向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。例如: six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
英语历年单选真题
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例:We last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
答案是C。
1. — Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do
C. had done D. do
the glasses and marked on each box ―This Side UP‖.
A. carried B. delivered
C. pressed D. packed
3. I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English learning drawing.
A. another B. the other
C. other’s D. other
4. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
her guests were finishing their meal.
A. so that B. although
C. while D. as if
6. I have seldom seen my pleased with my progress as she is now.
A. so B. very
C. too D. rather
7. Mrs. White showed her students some old the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed D. borrowing
safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived
C. had arrived D. will arrive
9. Just be patient. Y A. can’t B. needn’t
C. may not D. will not
10. The little boy won’t go to sleep.
A. or B. unless
C. but D. whether
11. 一Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mum?
— Wait till you are old enough, dear.
A. will you? B. Why not?
C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.
12. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a A. is made B. would make
C. was to be made D. had made
13. We haven’t discussed yet A. that B. which
C. what D. where
14. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy
C. buying D. to have bought
15. — Was he sorry for what he’d done?
— .
A. No wonder B. Well done
C. Not really D. Go ahead
16.—Is it all right if I keep this photo?
--_______.
A. No,you don’t B. No, it shouldn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Don’t keep it
17.Tom was about to close the windows_____his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when B. if C. and D. till
18.my mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
19. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worm D. have worm
20—have you finished the book?
-- No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
21.though ______ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
22. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them。
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
23. the island is ____ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally
24. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
25. Linda ,make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 16. I refuse to accept the blame for something 26._____ was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
27. I’m afraid Mr.harding ____ see you now . he’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
28. –Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?
----_____, we’re just looking.
A. Yes,please B. No, thank you C. Yes , you can D. No, you needn’t
.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize
C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
30. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been A. popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
31. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
32. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the
.
A. are dropped B. drop
C. are being dropped D. have dropped
33. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel
Department.
--Ah, good morning. You A. might B. must C. would D. can
34. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
35. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
36. --I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make
C. don't make D. haven't made
37. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
38. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
39. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.
A. in B. at C. for D. to
40. decide which college to go to, students should research the admission
procedures.
A. As B. While C. Until D. Once
41. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.
A. who B. where C. what D. how
42. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was
__ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
43. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
44. --The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables A. wouldn't die B. didn't die
C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
45. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second
Chance to get __ first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
46.You are a team star! Working A. both B.either C. others D.the other
47.you wishing they were that high.
A. getting rid of B. getting along with
C.1ooking up to D. Looking down upon
48. 一How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
一To be honest, his singing didn’t to me much.
A.appeal B. belong C.refer D.occur
49. 一Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?
一 ,does it?
A It takes no time B It counts for nothing
C.It doesn’t hurt to ask D.It doesn’t,t make sense
50.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a girl,
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. Measure
51.Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he .
A. was busy B.is busy C had been busy D.will be busy
52. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village
the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B.that C.when D. which
53. 一Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
一the book, so I already knew the story.
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
54.The engineers are so busy that that have zero time for outdoor sports actives, they have the interest.
A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if
she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile .
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile
A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident D.Lighthearted and optimistic
57.Jack described his father, a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man
A. would be B. would have been
C. must be D. must have been
58Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one
it becomes available
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until
59.一We’ve spent too much money recently.
一Well,it isn’t surprising.Our the time.
A.are coming B.had come
C.were coming D.have been coming
60.一?
———That would be great! Please drop me off at the library.
A.Could you bring me the bill
B.Would you like me to give you a lift
C.Could you tell me the postcode for Paris
D.Would you like to have my e-mail address
高考于预测单选
1.Some of the exercises appear to be _____ones that you have done, but after taking____second look, you will find that they are different
A. /, the B. the, the C. the, a D. /, a
2.She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely _________ her.
A. transmitted B. transported C. transplanted D. transformed
3.Some people tried to separate our country by taking illegal action, which didn't exactly _____ racial harmony.
A. make it B. make for C. make out D. make up
4. The Niagara Waterfalls, __________ is shaped like a semicircle, are 670meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
A. what B. where C. the largest of which D. in which
5. __________ all my homework unfinished, I am not allowed to go online to play games.
A. To B. For C. With D. Without
6. -I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.
-______! I'm going up there too.
A. What a coincidence B. Good luck C. Congratulations D. Good idea
7. I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
8. ____ enters the computer rooms should take off his shoes in order to keep them clean enough.
A. Who B. Whoever C. What D. Whatever
9. -What do you think of Spain?
-Well, considering its diverse cultures, it is an attractive country,______ worthy of a visit.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
10. I'll be publishing my results only when I have _________ my research.
A. concerned B. connected C. conducted D. concluded
11. I would appreciate ______, to be frank, if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
A. you B. this C. it D. myself
12. -What do you think of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone?
-Fantastic. Steven Kloves ______ each character in the movie impressive through lively dialogues and fascinating plots.
A. makes B. would make C. will make D. had made
13. The health official said ______ 12 suspected cases of influenza A (H1N1) were tested negative and ______, so far, this city has reported no case of the virus.
A. what; that B. that; what C. 不填; that D. that; 不填
14. -Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is?
-It's class time, so she ______ in the classroom now.
A. can be B. must have been C. might have been D. should be
15. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; , I wouldn't dare to travel in his car.
A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so
16. -Will you join us in the game?
-Thank you, _________ I'm busy preparing for my examinations.
A. but why not? B. but I'd rather not.
C. and I won't. D. and I'll join.
17. Many people have come to realize that they should go on _________ balanced diet and make _________ room in their day for exercise.
A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; /
18. After graduation she reached a point in her career _________ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. where D. which
19. I don't mind her criticizing me, but _________ is how she does it that I object to.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
20. You can only be sure of _________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _________ you might get in the future.
A. what; / B. that; what C. which; that D. /; that
21. _________ my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings _________ their duty.
A. Each; are B. Both; is C. Neither; are D. None; is
22. -I'd really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
-_________ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
23. After _________ was about ten minutes, the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
24. Can you _________ me a job when I get there? You know, I have to work in order to pay for my schooling.
A. provide B. guarantee C. arrange D. apply
25. All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were _________. He died soon afterwards.
A. in place B. in return C. in vain D. in order
26. It is reported that two schools, _________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A. they both B. which of both C. both of them D. both of which
27. _________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was successful business
28. There were dirty marks on her trousers _________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
29. Last month, part of Chongqing was struck by floods, from _________ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
30. I only know it is a _________ distance away from here, but I don't know _________ the distance exactly is.
A. good; what B. good; how far C. far; what D. far; how far
31. For him, ______ stage is just ______ means of making a living. A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; the 32. ----Sorry, Ann. I’m afraid that I can’t go to the magic show by David Copper Field with you. ----______ Who knows when he will be back here next time?A. It doesn’t matter. B. Do as you like. C. What a shame! D. Take it easy.33. He said he would be here by 12 o’clock, but he ______ us ______.A. let; down B. let; off C. let; out D. let; be34. In some rural areas, some children ______ school for lack of money.A. drop out B. drop in at C. drop in on D. drop out of35. ----I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. ----Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching 36. Poor ______ he is, he is leading a free and happy life.A. although B. as C. when D. while
37. This is your last chance. You may as well ______ full advantage of it. A. make B. get C. take D. have38. We are expected to arrive at the village before dark. I doubt now ______ we can make it by then. A. whether B. why C. when D. where39. ______ no one has thought of this before. A. I astonish that B. I am astonishing C. It astonishes me that D. It is astonished that 40. Everything ______ into account, we are likely to find our advantages in some aspects. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. isn’t taken 41. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future. A. that; that B. what; / C. which; that D. / that 42. Sometimes, we can’t live______ the expectations of our parents, but if we have tried, we needn’t regret. A. through B. on C. up to D. with 43. It’s high time that you ______ all your efforts to your work. A. can devote B. devoted C. will devote D. has devoted44. He began to take political science ______ only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously45. He felt ______ as soon as he realized that he had asked a foolish question. A. bored B. embarrassed C. pleased D. disappointed
46. —Can I help you?
—I want to buy a blue tie tomy shirt.
A. fit B. match C. suit D. be fit for
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
48. I must remember______ John that the garden needs ____
A.reminding; watering
C.reminding; to water B.to remind; watering D.to remind; to water
49. The volleyball match will be put off if it _____.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
50. If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
A. asked … would know B. had asked … would have known
C. asked him … know D. had asked … would know
51. The murderer was brought in ,with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
52. It is said that he is the manager of the company . In other words ,the company is him.
A. in charge of B. taking charge of
C. in the charge of D. under charge of
53. I ate ____sandwich while I was waiting for ____20:08 train.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a
54. It was in the village he once lived he got his junior education.
A. that; where B. where that C. which; where D. where; which
55. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not A. reason B. impact C. fact D. cause
56.It has been raining every day so far. I hope tomorrow will fine.
A. turn to B. turn up C. turn into D. turn out
57—Will you go to the party tomorrow, Xiao Hai?
—No, ____ I was invited to.
A. as long as
C. as if B. so far as D. even if
58. When I entered the room, I found a little boy _____ on his mother’s knees _____ to draw a picture.
A. seated; learning B. sitting; to learn
C. seating; learning D. sat; was learning
59. —Sorry, I can’t go camping with you. I have to get ready for tomorrow’s exam
—______. We can do it together next time.
A. No problem B. Yes, you are right
C. Good luck D. You are welcome
60. They have produced
A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain as
C. twice as many grain as D. as twice many grain as
61. -- How many students are there in your class_______?
-- Forty-five.
A. at all B. in total C. in the end D. in the total
62.____ the students in our class is 50 and _____ them study hard.
A. The number of , the number of B. A number of, the number of
C. The number of, a number of D. A number of, a number of
63 .I was doing my homework _____ a boy rushed into the classroom.
A. when B. while C. as D. for
64 .-- I missed the first part of the film. It was really a pity.
--You ____ home half an hour earlier.
A. should have left B. must have left
C. should leave D. must leave
65.Everyone in the village knew him, so we had _____ his house.
A. no difficulties to find B. some difficulty in finding
C. no difficulty to find D. no difficulty in finding
66.I won’t go to his birthday without _______.
A. inviting B. being inviting C. invited D. to be invited
67.What other subjects do learn at school_____ English and computer?
A. except B. but C. beside D. besides
68.The long talk was ______ and all of us were_____ of it.
A. tired, tiring B. tiring, tired C. tiring, tiring D. tired, tired
69.He told me a piece of news, _____ terrible.
A. I think it is B. I think which is
C. which I think it is D. which I think is
70.The yellow house ____ windows face south is the place ____ I spent my
childhood.
A. whose, that B. whose, where C. which, where D. where, which
71.The little girl sat on the ground, ______.
A. cried B. cry C. crying D. cries
72.The telephone was hung up ___ I could answer it.
A. since B. until C. before D. after
73.Doctors need to have ____ good knowledge of ____ medicine.
A. a, a B. the, the C. \. \ D. a, \
74.His invention _____ of great use at that time.
A. considered being B. considered to be
C. was considered to be D. was considered being
75.If you don’t go to the meeting tomorrow, _________.
A. neither I will B so will I C. nor will I D. so won’t I
76. If you feel tired and sick of fat food, that is ________ you have to go to the hospital for medical examination.
A. why B. whether C. when D. what
77. When the old woman died, it ________ that she was actually very rich.
A. came to an end B. went to light C. came to herself D. came to light
78. Glad to see you back. How long ________ in Russia?
A. did you stay
B. have you stayed D. have you been staying C. were you staying
79.—Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes. ________ others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. Where C. Though D. When
80. In those days, the old woman ________ sit at the gate for hours, waiting for her son to return from the front.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
81. ─Perhaps John’s not in.
─______. Look, the light’s on.
A. Yes, he can be at home B. No, he couldn’t go out
C. Yes, he must be at home D. No, he needn’t go out
82. Much of the farm is under water; ________ the grain, most of that has been ruined.
A. owing to B. thanks to C. as for D. as with
83. So amused ________ that I couldn’t help laughing when I saw the children dressed up as Santa Clauses on Christmas Day.
A. did I feel B. had I felt C. I felt D. I had felt
84. Men and women should be treated equally according to the law, but ________ there is great room for improvement.
A. in reality B. above all C. after all D. in return
85. It is on this maglev train that is very comfortable _____ I have been to the People’s Square.
A. how B. that
86. —Who knocked at the door?
—I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who ________ was.
A. he B. that C. she D. it C. where D. when
87. —Do you have anything more ________, sir?
—No. You can have a rest or do something else.
A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 88. ______ so delicious, the food in this market was sold out soon.
A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Having been tasted D. Being tasted
89. The child should be punished. You shouldn’t let him ________ telling lies.
A. keep away from
C. get away from B. keep away with D. get away with
90. In the character-training of children, what really ________ much is what their parents say and do.
A. matters B. cares C. considers D. minds
91. When you visit a museum you must ask ___permission before taking ___photographs inside it.
A. /; / B. a; the C. a; / D. /; the
92. This straw hat ____me.
A. doesn’t fit for B. isn’t fit C. doesn’t fit D. fit to
93. In Britain today, women ____44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. give up
94. _____,the disease diphtheria would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patient.
A. If it untreated B. If untreated
C. To be untreated D. It being untreated
95. He is ____our teacher; he is also our best friend.
A. less than B. rather than C. more than D. better than
96. The cancer risks _____smoking have been well documented.
A. associating with B. involved with
B. involving with D. associated with
97. He is a highly _____doctor throughout the town.
A. respective B. respected C. respectful D. respecting
98. I hope you will prove _____to the job.
A. adequate B. abundant C. accurate D. attached
99. I think that this meal was well worth ____was charged for it.
A. that B. what C. which D. how many 100. There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem ______to it.
A. attached
B. attacked C. attracted D. attributed