中国传统文化英文
Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.
Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, jujube berries, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.
The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".
Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival
couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.
The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall. People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing,
lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished.
China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.
春节
春节是中国人最重要的节日，当所有家庭成员聚在一起，就像在西方的圣诞节。所有远离家乡的人回去，从春节成为最繁忙的运输系统的时间为半个月左右。机场，火车站和长途客车站挤满家返回。
适逢春节正月的第一天，通常一个月后，比公历。它起源于商代（约公元前1600年 - 公元前1100年。 ）从人的牺牲，在旧的一年的结束和开始一个新的神和祖先。
严格地说，春节开始每年腊月在初期，将持续到明年中期正月。对他们来说，最重要的日子是春节前夕，前三天。现在，中国政府规定，人有七天为中国农历新年。
许多关税陪伴春节。有的还在今天其次，但别人已经减弱。
在腊月初八，许多家庭做腊八粥，美味的粥用糯米，小米，薏仁种子，大枣浆果，莲子，豆类，龙眼，银杏。
腊月23日被称为初步的前夕。在这个时候，人们对厨房神献祭。然而，现在大多数家庭做出美味的食物，享受自己。
经过初步的前夕，人们开始为新的一年做准备。这就是所谓的“见到新年”的。
商店老板都很忙，那么每个人都出去购买生活必需品的新年。材料不仅包括食用油，大米，面粉，鸡，鸭，鱼和肉，还水果，糖果和各种坚果。更重要的是，各种装饰品，为孩子们，以及作为礼物送给老人的新衣服和鞋子，朋友和亲戚，都是采购名单上。
在新年到来之前，人们完全清洗室内和室外，他们的家庭以及他们的衣服，床上用品和所有的器具。
于是人们开始装饰自己的洁净室，欣喜和欢宴的气氛。所有门板贴春联，强调中国书法与黑色的字在红纸上。内容不同房子的业主一个光明的未来好运新年的愿望。此外，门和财富之神的照片将会张贴在前门上辟邪和欢迎的和平和丰富。
中国“福”字（意为祝福或幸福）是必须的。通常可以粘贴字符放在纸上或倒挂，中国的“逆转福”谐音“福来” ，无论是“ fudaole 明显。 ”更重要的是，两个大红色的灯笼，可以提高前门两侧。红纸扦插可以看出，在窗户玻璃上，可以放在墙壁上鲜艳的年画，有吉祥的含义。
人们高度重视春节前夕。当时，所有的家庭成员一起吃晚饭。这顿饭是比平常更豪华。菜肴，如鸡，鱼和豆腐不能被排除在外，在中国，他们的发音，分别是“辛弃疾” ， “玉”和“豆腐”的意思吉兆，丰富和丰富。晚饭后，全家人坐在一起，聊天，看电视。近年来，中国中央电视台（ CCTV ）的春节晚会上播出的中国人在国内和国外是必不可少的娱乐。根据习俗，每个家庭都会熬夜见到新年英寸
醒来过年了，每个人都打扮。首先，他们延长他们的父母的问候。然后，每个孩子都会得到的钱作为新年礼物，包裹在红色的纸。在中国北部的人会吃饺子，包饺子，吃早餐，因为他们认为“饺子”的声音，意思是“告别旧的，迎来新” 。另外，饺子的形状就像是从中国古代的金元宝。因此人们吃汤圆，并祝愿钱和宝物。
中国南方吃年糕（糯米粉）新年蛋糕，在此之际，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“高，一年后的。 ”春节后的第一个5天亲戚，朋友，同学以及同事互致问候，礼物是一个很好的时间，悠闲地聊天。
燃烧烟花爆竹，曾经是最典型的春节习俗。人们想spluttering 声音可以帮助驱邪。然而，这样的活动是完全或部分禁止在大城市，一旦政府采取安全，噪音
和污染因素考虑。作为替代，买一些磁带以爆竹声音听来，得到一些休息一点点气球的声音，而其他人买爆竹手工艺挂在客厅。
热闹的气氛不仅填补每家每户，但渗透到街头巷尾。天将举行一系列的活动，如舞狮，龙灯舞，灯笼节日和庙会。春节，元宵节结束的时候完成。
中国有56个民族。少数民族庆祝春节的汉族人，几乎在同一天，他们有不同的习俗。
Qingming Festival
The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration.
The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness.
This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served. The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined.
On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.
In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. At this time tourists are everywhere.
People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival. Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called "god's lanterns."
The Qingming Festival is also a time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later. In the past, the Qingming Festival was called "Arbor Day". But since 1979, "Arbor Day" was settled as March 12 according to the Gregorian calendar.
清明节
清明节（清明）是中国二十四节气点，跌幅在4月4-6日，每年之一。清明节过后，气温将上升，降雨，物候等方面的变化。它是高的时间为春耕生产。但清明节不仅是一个季节性的农活来指导，它更是一个节日的纪念活动。 清明前后，春阳照临，春阳照临，春雨飞洒看到悲伤和幸福的组合。
这是一天中最重要的牺牲。无论是汉族和少数民族在这个时候祭祀他们的祖先和扫死者的坟墓。此外，他们也不会在这一天做饭，只有冷的食物供应。
寒食（寒食）节通常是在清明节的前一天。由于我们的祖先经常一天延长到清明，他们后来被合并。
每个清明节，所有的墓地都挤满了前来扫墓葬和祭祀的人谁。墓地的道路上的交通变得极为卡住。海关已大大简化。人后略微扫墓葬，提供食品，鲜花和收藏夹死，然后牌位前烧香和纸钱和弓。
墓扫墓的悲哀相反，人们还可以享受春天的希望在这一天。清明节是一个时间，当阳光灿烂，树木和草绿色与自然又是热闹。自古以来，人们都遵循春季郊游的习俗。这时游客随处可见。
人们喜欢在清明节放风筝。放风筝其实并不限于清明节。它的独特之处在于，人们放风筝不仅白天，但夜间也放。绑到一个字符串的小灯笼风筝或线程象闪烁的明星，因此被称为“上帝的灯笼。 ”
清明节也是一个时间去种树，树苗成活率高，树木成长快。在过去，清明节被称为“植树节” 。但自1979年以来， “植树节”， 3月12日结算根据公历。
Dragon Boat Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years. It is usually in June in the Gregorian calendar.
There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan (340-278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of China's earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However, he was opposed by aristocrats headed by Zi Lan, and later deposed and exiled by King Huai. In his exiled days, he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao (The Lament), Tian Wen (Heavenly Questions) and Jiu Ge (Nine Songs), which had far-reaching influences. In 278 BC, he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu's capital, so he finished his last piece Huai Sha (Embracing Sand) and plunged himself into the Miluo River, clasping his arms to a large stone. The day happened to be the 5th of the 5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar. After his death, the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him. The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body. People threw into the water zongzi (pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves) and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body. An old doctor poured a jug of reaglar wine (Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar) into the water, hoping to turn all aquatic beasts drunk. That's why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day.
Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. As the gun is fired, people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly, accompanied by rapid drums, speeding toward their destination. Folk tales say the game originates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuan's body, but experts, after painstaking and meticulous research, conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious, semi-entertaining program from the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). In the following thousands of years, the game spread to Japan, Vietnam and Britain as well as China's Taiwan and Hong Kong. Now dragon boat racing has developed into an aquatic sports item which features both Chinese tradition and modern sporting spirit. In 1980, it was listed into the state sports competition programs and has since been held every year. The award is called "Qu Yuan Cup."
Zongzi is an essential food of the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that people ate them in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). In early times, it was
only glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or other plant leaves and tied with colored thread, but now the fillings are more diversified, including jujube and bean paste, fresh meat, and ham and egg yolk. If time permits, people will soak glutinous rice, wash reed leaves and wrap up zongzi themselves. Otherwise, they will go to shops to buy whatever stuff they want. The custom of eating zongzi is now popular in North and South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian nations.
On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil. 端午节
端午节，第五届农历正月的第5天，已经有超过2000年的历史。它通常是在公历6月。
有许多传说，其中最流行的是纪念屈原（公元前340-278年）的节日，演变。屈原是楚国大臣和中国最早的诗人之一。在面对强大的秦国的巨大压力，他主张丰富的国家加强军事力量，从而打击秦。然而，他反对由当家贵族子兰，后来被废黜和流放楚怀王。他在流放中的天，他还是多关心他的国家和人民，并组成了不朽诗篇，包括“离骚” （ “离骚” ） ，田文（天工问题）和九歌“ （九歌） ，其中有深远的影响。公元前278年，他听到这个消息后，秦部队终于征服了楚国的首都，所以他完成了他的最后一块怀沙（怀沙）跳楼自杀入汨罗江，他的双臂紧紧抱住一块大石头。那天正好是5月5日在中国农历。他去世后，楚人拥挤的河岸，向他表示敬意。渔民航行的船，并顺流而下，看他的身体。人们全身心地投入到水粽子（金字塔形粽子的包裹在芦苇或竹叶）和鸡蛋攻击他的身体，让鱼或虾。一位老医师浇一壶的酒reaglar （中国白酒调味用雄黄）入水，希望把所有的水生野兽醉。这就是为什么后来人们的习俗，如赛龙舟，吃粽子，喝雄黄酒那一天。
龙舟赛在全国各地举行的节日，是不可缺少的一部分。当枪射击，人们会看到在龙形的独木舟，桨拉和谐的车手和匆匆，伴随着快速的鼓点，加快朝着自己的目的地。民间故事说游戏来源于寻找屈原的身体活动，但专家，经过艰苦细
致的研究，得出结论，龙舟竞渡是一种半宗教性，半娱乐性的节目，从战国时期（公元前475-221年） 。在下面的几千年，游戏蔓延到日本，越南，英国以及中国的台湾和香港。现在龙舟竞渡已发展成为一个水上运动项目，这是中国人民的传统与现代的体育精神。在1980年，它被列入国家体育竞赛计划，并一直每年都举办。该奖项被称为“屈原杯”。
粽子是端午节必不可少的食品。有人说，人吃了他们在春秋时期（公元前770-476年） 。在早期，它只是在芦苇或其他植物叶包裹的糯米粽子，用彩色丝线绑，但现在的馅料更加多元化，包括红枣，豆沙，鲜肉，火腿，蛋黄。如果时间允许，人们将浸泡糯米，洗芦苇叶包粽子本身。否则，他们会去商店购买任何他们想要的东西。吃粽子的习俗，现在流行的是韩国和朝鲜，日本和东南亚国家。
在端午节，家长也需要，香水袋装扮自己的孩子。他们首先与五颜六色的丝绸布缝制的小袋子，然后填写袋香料或中药材，最后用丝线把它们串。香水袋，将挂在脖子上，或绑在前面的一个服装作为装饰品。他们说，能够避邪。 Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in October in Gregorian calendar.
The festival has a long history. In ancient China, emperors followed the rite of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. Historical books of the Zhou Dynasty had had the word "Mid-Autumn". Later aristocrats and literary figures helped expand the ceremony to common people. They enjoyed the full, bright moon on that day, worshipped it and expressed their thoughts and feelings under it. By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of China.
Folklore about the origin of the festival go like this: In remote antiquity, there were ten suns rising in the sky, which scorched all crops and drove people into dire poverty. A hero named Hou Yi was much worried about this, he ascended to the top of the Kunlun Mountain and, directing his superhuman strength to full extent, drew his extraordinary bow and shot down the nine superfluous suns one after another. He also ordered the last sun to rise and set according to time. For this reason, he was respected and loved by the people and lots of
people of ideals and integrity came to him to learn martial arts from him. A person named Peng Meng lurked in them.
Hou Yi had a beautiful and kindhearted wife named Chang E. One day on his way to the Kunlun Mountain to call on friends, he ran upon the Empress of Heaven Wangmu who was passing by. Empress Wangmu presented to him a parcel of elixir, by taking which, it was said, one would ascend immediately to heaven and become a celestial being. Hou Yi, however, hated to part with his wife. So he gave the elixir to Chang E to treasure for the time being. Chang E hid the parcel in a treasure box at her dressing table when, unexpectedly, it was seen by Peng Meng.
One day when Hou Yi led his disciples to go hunting, Peng Meng, sword in hand, rushed into the inner chamber and forced Chang E to hand over the elixir. Aware that she was unable to defeat Peng Meng, Chang E made a prompt decision at that critical moment. She turned round to open her treasure box, took up the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp. As soon as she swallowed the elixir her body floated off the ground, dashed out of the window and flew towards heaven. Peng Meng escaped.
When Hou Yi returned home at dark, he knew from the maidservants what had happened. Overcome with grief, Hou Yi looked up into the night sky and called out the name of his beloved wife when, to his surprise, he found that the moon was especially clear and bight and on it there was a swaying shadow that was exactly like his wife. He tried his best to chase after the moon. But as he ran, the moon retreated; as he withdrew, the moon came back. He could not get to the moon at all.
Thinking of his wife day and night, Hou Yi then had an incense table arranged in the back garden that Chang E loved. Putting on the table sweetmeats and fresh fruits Chang E enjoyed most, Hou Yi held at a distance a memorial ceremony for Chang E who was sentimentally attached to him in the palace of the moon.
When people heard of the story that Chang E had turned into a celestial being, they arranged the incense table in the moonlight one after another and prayed kindhearted Chang E for good fortune and peace. From then on the custom of worshiping the moon spread among the people.
People in different places follow various customs, but all show their love and longing for a better life. Today people will enjoy the full moon and eat moon cakes on that day.
The moon looks extremely round, big and bright on the 15th day of each lunar month. People selected the August 15 to celebrate because it is a season
when crops and fruits are all ripe and weather pleasant. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, all family members or friends meet outside, putting food on tables and looking up at the sky while talking about life. How splendid a moment it is! 中秋节
中秋节适逢阴历8月的第15天，一般在公历10月。
这个节日有着悠久的历史。在中国古代，帝王祭祀太阳在春天和秋天的月亮仪式。周代的历史书有“中秋” 。后来贵族和文人学士帮助扩大仪式老百姓。那一天，他们享有充分的，皎洁的月亮，崇拜它，并表达自己的想法和感受下。中秋节到了唐代（公元618-907年） ，已定，在宋代（960-1279）变得更加宏伟。在明代（ 1368-1644 ）和清朝（ 1644-1911 ）朝代，它的增长，中国是一个重大的节日。
这样的节日去民俗的起源：在远古时期，有十个太阳在天空中升起，烧焦所有作物，并促使人们陷入可怕的贫困。非常担心这个名叫后羿的英雄，他登上昆仑山的顶部，指挥他超人的实力，充分的程度，画了他非凡的弓，射落九个多余的太阳此起彼伏。他还下令最后一次太阳升起，并根据时间设置。出于这个原因，他被尊重和被爱的来到他的面前，从他学习武术的人，很多人的理想和完整性。名为蓬蒙一个人潜伏在其中。
后羿有一个美丽善良的妻子，名叫嫦娥有一天，在他的昆仑山呼吁朋友，他跑了后，慈禧天堂王母路过。慈禧王母介绍给他一幅灵药，服用，有人说，人会立即升到天上，成为一个天体。然而，后羿恨部分与他的妻子。于是，他给了仙丹，嫦娥珍藏暂且。嫦娥将药藏在她的梳妆台的百宝匣包裹时，不料被蓬蒙看到。
有一天，当率众徒外出狩猎，蓬蒙手持宝剑，冲进闯入内宅，威逼嫦娥交出仙丹。嫦娥知道她是无法蓬蒙的对手，关键时刻当机立断。她转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。只要嫦娥吞下药，她的身体飘离地面，冲出窗口，向天上飞去。蒙鹏逃脱。
当后羿回到家黑暗，他知道发生了什么事的丫鬟。后羿气得捶胸顿足，悲痛欲绝，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字时，他惊奇地发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明
亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似他的妻子。他拼命朝月亮追去。可是他追三步，月亮退，他退三步，月亮回来。他无法到达月球。
他的妻子日夜的思考，后羿当时的的香案安排到嫦娥喜爱的后花园。把嫦娥最喜欢的表糖果和新鲜水果，后羿在距离举行祭奠眷恋他在月宫嫦娥。
当人们听到嫦娥的故事已经变成一个天体，它们在月光下一个安排香案又一个善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。从此崇拜月亮的习俗，在百姓当中蔓延。
人们在不同的地方按照不同的习俗，但都显示他们的爱情和对美好生活的向往。今天，人们赏月，吃月饼的那一天。
月亮看起来非常圆形，大而明亮的每一个农历月份的第15天。人们选择了8月15日来庆祝，因为它是一个季节，当农作物和水果都成熟和天气宜人。在中秋节，所有的家庭成员或朋友在外面见面，把食物表上，仰望天空，而谈论生活。它是如何辉煌的时刻！