动词时态的基本用法

动词时态的基本用法

“be about to + do” 表示即将，因此，该结构很少与表将来的时间副词连用。但可以和并列连词when 引导的从句连用。

The train is about to start.

I was about to start when it began to rain.

有些动词 (瞬间动作）如come, go stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划，安排好的将要发生的动作或状态。 He comes here tonight.

I arrive in Beijing at 3:00 p.m. Tomorrow.

“be to +do”

表示按计划或安排要做的事。

She is to be married next month.

The Queen is to visit China in a week’s time.

表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to.

You are to report to the police.

表示“必须”，相当于must, have to.

You are to do your homework before you watch TV.

表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want

If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.

用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。

Am I to go on with the work?

用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustn ’t.

The books in this room are not to be taken outside.

表示“可以，可能”，相当于may, can.

The news is to be found in the newspaper.

were to do sth. 用于if 或even if/even though从句中，表示对未来的假设。 Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.

be to blame (该受责备，对某坏事应负责任）与 be to let (待出租）两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。

Which driver is to blame for the accident?

This house is to let.

三、现在进行时：

概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly连用。

He is always thinking of others first.

He is always making the same mistake.

四、过去进行时：

概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

at this time yesterday, at that time或以when 引导的谓语动词是一般时间状语：

过去时的时间状语等。

一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

As she was reading the newspaper, grandpa fell asleep.

五、现在完成时：

概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语：recently, lately, since…for …,in the past few years, etc.

This/that/it is the first/second„ time+ that 从句。That 从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。

This is the first time I have come here.

瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接，需要做一些相应的变换。常见的瞬间动词有： come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等

（ ）He has joined the army for 3 years.

（ ）He has served is the army for 3 years.

（ ）He joined the army 3 years ago.

（ ）He has been a soldier for 3 years.

（ ）It has been 3 years since he joined the army.

六、过去完成时：

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…), by then, by that time, until then,等。

Hardly/scarcely/barely had „ done „ when „; No sooner had„done „than „, when和than 从句用一般过去式，表示“刚刚„就„”

Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.

It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。Since 从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.

This/That/It was the first/second„time+that 从句。That 从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.

表示愿望，打算一类的词，如hope ，expect ，mean ，intend ，want ，think ，suppose 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：

I had hoped to see more of Beijing. 我本希望在北京多看看。

将来完成时

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成。常用的时间状语为：by+将来的某个时间。

By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.

完成进行时

现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。

It has been raining for 3 days. 已经下了3天雨了。